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Topic: Exogenous

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	Recurrent Tuberculosis and Exogenous Reinfection, China \| CDC EID
		We also found that the frequency of exogenous reinfection increased with the amount of time that elapsed between the end of TB treatment for the first episode of TB and the date that the second episode was diagnosed.
		Exogenous reinfection accounted for 7 (46.7%) of the 15 recurrent episodes that occurred within 6 months after treatment for the first episode; the percentage of recurrent cases due to exogenous reinfection increased to 73.9% (17/23) among TB patients whose second episode occurred >1 year after treatment for the first episode.
		Exogenous reinfection with tuberculosis on a European island with a moderate incidence of disease.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol12no11/05-1207.htm (1997 words)

	Exogenous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, an exogenous contrast agent in medical imaging refers to a liquid injected IV in the patient that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a tumor.
		In biology, an exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated outside of that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.
		Exogenous processes are all taking place at the outside of the Earth and all the other planets.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exogenous (320 words)

	Exogenous -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Exogenous (or exogeneous) (from the (A native or inhabitant of Greece) Greek words "exo" and "gen", meaning "outside" and "production") refers to an action or object coming from outside a system.
		For example, an exogenous contrast agent in medical imaging refers to a liquid injected IV in the patient that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a (An abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose) tumor.
		Exogenous factors in (The branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques) medicine include both (Any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)) pathogens and therapeutics.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ex/exogenous.htm (204 words)

	IV. Exogenous Changes in Quality of Life Indicators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		"Exogenous change" is the change in the indicator over time holding income constant.
		(I put "exogenous" in quotes because these time shifts may represent endogenous global innovation; they may even be a function of the global growth rate.) Likewise, I can calculate the movement along the estimated indicator-income curve and derive the "growth" contribution to the change over time in the indicator.
		I annualize in percent both the "exogenous change" and the "growth effect." This allows me to assess the relative importance of growth and exogenous change in movements in the indicator.
	www.worldbank.org /html/prddr/prdhome/peg/wps17/indexp5.htm (484 words)

	ESPN.com - Breeders Cup 2001 - Exogenous survives inquiry in Beldame
		Exogenous emerged from both incidents unscathed and became a major player in the 3-year-old filly division Saturday with a 1 1/4-length victory in the $750,000 Beldame at Belmont Park.
		Exogenous, who raced in fifth position early, had to survive a stewards' inquiry after she twice lugged in during the stretch run.
		Javier Castellano, the rider of Exogenous, said his filly raced on the wrong lead down the backside and into the stretch and that she lugged in after he hit her right-handed.
	espn.go.com /horse/breederscup01/s/2001/1005/1260025.html (493 words)

	EVALUATION OF EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The components of the exogenous surfactants are intended for action in the lungs and are not expected to reach the systemic circulation or have any systemic effects independent of their respiratory effects.
		This percent measure was theorized to be a marker of duration of exogenous surfactants residing in the trachea.
		Neither exogenous surfactant nor any of their components are eliminated by renal excretion or hepatic metabolism, so the dosage of both drugs does not need to be modified in the presence of renal dysfunction or hepatic dysfunction.
	daccx.bsd.uchicago.edu /drug/Bulletins/N0295.html (6734 words)

	ESPN.com - Breeders Cup 2001 - Exogenous retired after accident
		ELMONT, N.Y. -- Exogenous, who would have been one of the top choices in Saturday's Breeders' Cup Distaff at Belmont Park, apparently suffered a fractured skull, but is in satisfactory condition Sunday, a day after a frightening incident that caused her to be scratched.
		On Saturday, just as Exogenous was about to leave the tunnel from the paddock and step onto the track for the post parade, she reared backward, fell over, and landed heavily on her head.
		Exogenous, who was still prone while loaded into the van, was taken to her stall at Schulhofer's barn.
	espn.go.com /horse/breederscup01/s/2001/1027/1269766.html (393 words)

	AllRefer Health - Exogenous Cushing's Syndrome (Corticosteroid-Induced Cushing's Syndrome, Cushing's Syndrome - ...
		Exogenous Cushing's syndrome is a form of Cushing's syndrome caused by administration of glucocorticoid (also called corticosteroid) hormones, such as prednisone.
		Exogenous (i.e., caused by something outside the body) Cushing's syndrome is caused by administration of synthetic glucocorticoids, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, for therapeutic purposes (for example, to treat asthma).
		Endogenous (i.e., caused by something within the body) Cushing's syndrome may be caused by ACTH-producing tumors of the pituitary gland (a condition called Cushing's disease), malignant tumors of other organs that produce ACTH, and cortisol-producing tumors of one or both of the adrenal glands.
	health.allrefer.com /health/cushings-syndrome-exogenous-info.html (443 words)

	EXOGENOUS ESTRADIOL-17-beta STIMULATES ONSET OF PUBERTY IN BEEF HEIFERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The objective of this experiment was to determine whether exogenous estradiol-17-beta, administered as a single intramuscular injection, could induce onset of puberty in 8-mo-old heifers.
		The absence of a short luteal phase combined with the magnitude of the peak concentration of serum P4 in one E2 heifer may indicated that she was pubertal on d 0; however, the first OIL heifer which reached puberty also failed to exhibit a short luteal phase.
		Exogenous estradiol-17-beta induces release of an LH surge within 12 hr of administration (Schoppee et al., 1994).
	www2.ncsu.edu /unity/project/www/ncsu/cals/an_sci/ann_rep94/pdsch52.html (932 words)

	Patent 6,048,524
		Similarly, transfected cells containing insulinotropin-encoding exogenous genetic material express insulinotropin and, thus, are useful for treating individuals in whom insulin secretion, sensitivity or function is compromised (e.g., individuals with insulin-dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes).
		In addition to exogenous DNA encoding EPO or insulinotropin, transfected primary and secondary cells may optionally contain DNA encoding a selectable marker, which is expressed and confers upon recipient cells a selectable phenotype, such as antibiotic resistance, resistance to a cytotoxic agent, nutritional prototrophy or expression of a surface protein.
		In one embodiment of the method, exogenous DNA encoding EPO is introduced into genomic DNA by homologous recombination between DNA sequences present in the DNA construct used to transfect the recipient cells and the recipient cell's genomic DNA.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/041100OG/6048524_GeneTherapy041100.htm (1456 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Exogenous
		Some forms of depression are described as exogenous if there is a clear outside cause (such as the death of a loved one).
		Compare exogenous to endogenous, which means produced or beginning by factors inside of the body.
		Exogenous is also known as ectogenous and exogenetic.
	www.medfriendly.com /exogenous.html (200 words)

	Scobey: Polio Caused By Exogenous Virus?
		Yet, the original concept, i.e., that the poliomyelitis virus is an exogenous organism is so deep-rooted in the minds of many physicians, as well as the public, that ineffective and obsolete measures to control human poliomyelitis continue to be employed.
		Fuirther proof that the virus in the intestinal tract does not enter the human body to cause human poliomyelitis is indicated by repeated failures to isolate a virus from the blood stream, although human poliomyelitis is generally considered to be a generalized systemic infection.
		The exogenous virus theory of cause of human poliomyelitis fails to explain all facts without exception and cannot be considered to be entirely valid.
	www.geocities.com /harpub/scobexog.htm (7819 words)

	Institute for Safe Medication Practices
		An exogenous error arises from conditions in the external environment, like poor design of packages and labels, complex task characteristics, or unclear presentation of information.
		Doublechecks are often less successful in detecting exogenous errors than endogenous errors, even when the check is performed independently.
		Some of the same external factors that initially led to the error are often still present, and people with similar training could easily make the same mistake during the doublecheck.
	www.ismp.org /MSAarticles/double.htm (975 words)

	Exogenous Surfactant Kinetics in Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Novel Method with Stable Isotopes -- TORRESIN ...
		Lipids from tracheal aspirates and from exogenous surfactant were extracted according to the method of Bligh and Dyer (22),
		The distribution of exogenous surfactant is similar to the distribution of endogenous surfactant.
		The fate of exogenous surfactant in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/161/5/1584 (3795 words)

	Exogenous growth hormone induces somatotrophic gene expression in neonatal liver and skeletal muscle -- Lewis et al. ...
		Exogenous growth hormone induces somatotrophic gene expression in neonatal liver and skeletal muscle -- Lewis et al.
		Exogenous growth hormone induces somatotrophic gene expression in neonatal liver and skeletal muscle
		Exogenous growth hormone stimulates somatotrophic axis function and growth in neonatal pigs.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/4/R838 (4192 words)

	Endogenous and Exogenous Variables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For econometric applications, the crucial difference between an endogenous and an exogenous variable is that we must assume that exogenous variables are not systematically affected by changes in the other variables of the model, especially by changes in the endogenous variables.
		To decide whether the "input" variables are exogenous, we would have to determine whether this increase in production would cause them to change.
		To see how the exogeneity of an explanatory variables can be a difficult question, consider a closely related model: the supply of corn produced in a year by all the farmers in the state of Iowa.
	academic.reed.edu /economics/course_pages/red_spots/endogenous_and_exogenous_v.htm (412 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Cushing syndrome - exogenous
		Exogenous Cushing syndrome is a form of Cushing syndrome that occurs in people taking glucocorticoid (also called corticosteroid) hormones, such as prednisone.
		Exogenous Cushing syndrome occurs when a person takes synthetic glucocorticoids, such as prednisone or dexamethasone, for treatment purposes (for example, to treat asthma).
		The signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome are due to overproduction of certain hormones produced by the adrenal glands, such as cortisol.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000389.htm (685 words)

	Exogenous Manifest Variables
		In general, using exogenous manifest variables reduces the degrees of freedom since the corresponding sample correlations or covariances are not part of the exogenous information provided for the parameter estimation.
		You can use the output of the predetermined values in the predicted model matrix (PREDET option) that correspond to manifest exogenous variables to see which of the manifest variables are exogenous variables and to help you set the corresponding locations of the central model matrices with their covariances.
		The LINEQS and the RAM model statements set the covariances (correlations) of exogenous manifest variables in the estimated model matrix and automatically reduce the degrees of freedom.
	www.asu.edu /it/fyi/dst/helpdocs/statistics/sas/sasdoc/sashtml/stat/chap19/sect38.htm (352 words)

	Diabetes: Exposure to Exogenous Insulin Promotes IgG1 and... @ HighBeam Research
		Exogenous insulin treatment in animal models also results in both changes within the islet infiltrate with more IL-4-producing and less interferon-[Gamma]-producing cells and a marked reduction in diabetes development (3).
		We further suggest that the autoimmune response to insulin may contain both a Th1 and Th2 component and that exogenous insulin is mainly effective in promoting the Th2 component.
		However, the Th2 spreading associated with diabetes protection after immunization with autoantigen in the NOD mouse was not evident at the humoral level in insulin-treated subjects, and it may be necessary to use a stronger Th2-inducing regimen (36) to be fully effective in diabetes delay or prevention in humans.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:62893082&refid=holomed_1 (5529 words)

	TB #185: The Accuracy of Competitive RT-PCR: Using the Right Exogenous Standard
		If the exogenous standard is designed to be amplified at the same rate as the target sequence, then the ratio of products obtained from the endogenous and exogenous targets at the end of the amplification reflects the initial ratio of target to standard.
		Since the amount of exogenous standard added to the RT-PCR is known, the amount of endogenous target in the RNA sample can be determined (multiply the concentration of the input standard by the ratio of target-specific PCR product to standard-specific PCR product).
		The second type of exogenous standard is called a "mimic." A mimic is a construct with PCR primer binding sites identical to the target molecule surrounding a DNA sequence unrelated to the endogenous target.
	www.ambion.com /techlib/tb/tb_185.html (1875 words)

	Priming of cytotoxic T cell responses to exogenous hepatitis B virus core antigen is B cell dependent -- Lazdina et al. ...
		Priming of cytotoxic T cell responses to exogenous hepatitis B virus core antigen is B cell dependent -- Lazdina et al.
		Priming of cytotoxic T cell responses to exogenous hepatitis B virus core antigen is B cell dependent
		Ke, Y. and Kapp, J. Exogenous antigens gain access to the major histocompatibility complex class I processing pathway in B cells by receptor-mediated uptake.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/1/139 (3869 words)

	Exogenous Manifest Variables
		In general, using exogenous manifest variables reduces the degrees of freedom since the corresponding sample correlations or covariances are not part of the exogenous information provided for the parameter estimation.
		You can use the output of the predetermined values in the predicted model matrix (PREDET option) that correspond to manifest exogenous variables to see which of the manifest variables are exogenous variables and to help you set the corresponding locations of the central model matrices with their covariances.
		The LINEQS and the RAM model statements set the covariances (correlations) of exogenous manifest variables in the estimated model matrix and automatically reduce the degrees of freedom.
	www.dnr.state.ak.us /ssd/whtest/sashtml/stat/chap19/sect38.htm (352 words)

	Contribution of Glycogen and Exogenous Glucose to Glucose Metabolism During Ischemia in the Hypertrophied Rat Heart -- ...
		H]glycogen) and glucose oxidation from exogenous glucose ([
		Cumulative exogenous glycolysis (A) and exogenous glucose oxidation (B) during low-flow ischemia in control and hypertrophied hearts.
		Steady state rates of glycolysis (A) and glucose oxidation (B) from exogenous glucose during aerobic perfusion and low-flow ischemia and endogenous glycogen during low-flow ischemia in control and hypertrophied hearts.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/540 (5980 words)

	XQM: eXogenous-loss aware Queue Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Exogenous losses---which are produced outside the transmission control system of a traffic source, i.e., independently of that source's behavior and its long-term (max-min, proportional, or weighted) fair share of network resources---have always been regarded as introducing undesirable ``noise'' that needs to be filtered out or hidden from end points.
		Exogenous losses serve as early error notifications to the sources, which, similar to RED (Random Early Detection), randomize packet drops across all connections.
		This observation suggests that the beneficial value of exogenous losses should be leveraged inside the network in favor of TCP connections.
	cs-people.bu.edu /msg/research/xqm (529 words)

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