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Topic: Exotic atom

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	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Atom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Atoms are generally classified by the atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the atom.
		Atoms having the same atomic number, but different atomic masses (due to their different numbers of neutrons), are called isotopes.
		The simplest atom is the hydrogen atom, having atomic number 1 and consisting of one proton and one electron.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/at/Atom (768 words)

	Atom
		Atom is the Japanese name of the popular animated character known in English as Astroboy.
		Atoms are not divisible by chemical reactions but are now known to be composed of even smaller subatomic particles.
		The diameter of an atom is generally in the range of 10pm to 100pm.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/at/atom.html (805 words)

	atom Information Center - atom
		Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of chemistry, and are conserved bohr's model of the atom in chemical reactions.
		Atoms are generally classified by atom bomb their atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the atom.
		The atom model timeline mass number, atomic mass number, or nucleon number of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of that element, because each proton or neutron essentially has a mass of 1 amu.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Biochemistry_Topics_A/atom.html (1951 words)

	atom. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The atom consists of a central, positively charged core, the nucleus, and negatively charged particles called electrons that are found in orbits around the nucleus.
		The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, the neutron being an uncharged particle and the proton a positively charged one.
		He held that all the atoms of an element are of exactly the same size and weight (see atomic weight) and are in these two respects unlike the atoms of any other element.
	www.bartleby.com /65/at/atom.html (1215 words)

	Exotic atom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Study of muonic atoms' energy levels as well as transition rates from excited states to the ground state therefore provide experimental probes to elements of quantum electrodynamics.
		Atoms may be composed of electrons orbiting a hypernucleus that includes strange particles called hyperons.
		Although a neutron star could logically be classed as an exotic atom, since the bulk of the star is one huge atomic nucleus and electrical neutrality forces it to have a thin shell of electrons surrounding it
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exotic_atom (668 words)

	Atom - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		An atom is the smallest particle differentiable as a certain chemical element; when an atom of an element is divided, it ceases to be that element.
		Atoms with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes of a chemical element.
		At the center of the atom is a tiny, positively charged nucleus composed of protons and neutrons (known as nucleons).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=902 (1943 words)

	ipedia.com: Atom Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Atoms are the basic constituents of molecules and ordinary matter.
		Atoms are composed mostly of empty space, but also of smaller subatomic particles.
		At the center of the atom is a tiny positive nucleus composed of nucleons (protons and neutrons).
	www.ipedia.com /atom.html (636 words)

	Education Resources » Atoms
		Nearly all the mass of an atom is in its nucleus, yet almost all the space in an atom is filled by its electrons.
		Atoms that have either lost or gained electrons are called atomic ions (with either positive(+) or negative charge(−), respectively).
		They developed detailed theories of how atoms could combine, react, vibrate, move, and perform other actions, and had particularly elaborate theories of how atoms combine, which explains how atoms first combine in pairs, and then group into trios of pairs, which are the smallest visible units of matter.
	www.thecatalyst.org /resource/2006/04/21/Atoms (3963 words)

	CERN Courier - Experiment boosts the idea o - IOP Publishing - article
		Our everyday world is made up of atoms in which protons and neutrons are packed together by the strong nuclear force into a tiny core of positive electric charge, surrounded by a sparse cloud of "orbiting" electrons, these carrying an equal and opposite negative electric charge.
		In such an atom the intruder orbital particle is much heavier than the electron that it has replaced, so its orbit is consequently smaller.
		Exotic atoms are therefore a good laboratory for studying the periphery of the nucleus.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/41/9/16/1 (463 words)

	DNA as conducting wire
		The concept of exotic atom in turn relies on the concept of many sheeted spacetime.
		Exotic atom is formed when one or more outer valence electrons of ordinary atom are dropped from atomic spacetime sheet to a 'larger' spacetime sheet, now spacetime sheet with a form of DNA helix.
		Articles about exotic atoms, charged wormholes and the related mechanism of super conductivity articles can be found in my homepage.
	home.earthlink.net /~pcss/distance.html (746 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		An atom in which an electron has been replaced by another negtively charged particle, such as a muon or meson.
		Such exotic atoms have to be created artificially and are unstable.
		The antiparticle is eventually stopped in the gas chamber, forming an exotic atom.
	www.cita.utoronto.ca /~kaya/exotic.html (191 words)

	Hi-Yo Silver! FSU physicist helps discover an atomic oddity
		To the scientists' surprise, this atom demonstrated a novel kind of radioactive decay by spitting out two free protons at the same time.
		Exotic atoms engineered to contain fewer neutrons than in the atom's natural state were expected to break down by emitting protons one at a time.
		At the GSI lab, Tabor and his colleagues bombarded a thin film of nickel foil with a beam of calcium atoms, causing some nickel and calcium ions to coalesce to form silver atoms with fewer neutrons than normal.
	www.fsu.edu /news/2006/01/26/atomic.oddity (631 words)

	Matter-Antimatter Molecules
		Positronium is an "exotic" atom made of matter and antimatter: an electron and a positron (anti-electron) bound together without a nucleus.
		These atoms live for a brief time as tiny gas clouds, trapped within the material's pores, until the electrons and positrons inevitably annihilate with one another in a burst of gamma-rays.
		That's because positronium atoms are born in either the fast-decaying spin-0 state or the long-lasting (hundreds of nanoseconds) spin-1 state, depending in part on the initial alignment of the electron and positron spins.
	focus.aps.org /story/v16/st16 (678 words)

	Exotic atom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The spacetime surfaces associated with atoms can form join along boundaries condensate of size L and BE condensation of wormholes gives rise to the formation of macroscopic quantum system with critical temperature T propto 1/L: the upper bound for the size of this kind of system is about 10^(-4) meters in room temperature.
		The exotic counterpart of atom with charge Z would behave chemically as element with Z-n(val), where n(val) is the number of exotic valence electrons.
		Exotic atoms make possible 'electronic alchemy': for instance, Mercury can be transformed to pseudo-Gold by dropping the highest valence electron to the lower condensate level.
	www.helsinki.fi /~matpitka/exo.html (6861 words)

	Hybrid Atoms
		I should like to know your opinion about the possibility of the existence of atoms whose nuclii are composed of matter and antimatter components (simultaneously).
		Its the analogue of a hydrogen atom, where a positron and an electron interact via the coulomb field..
		Then, if an antihydrogen atom captures a neutron, the result is an exotic antideuterium atom carrying at its nuclii a neutron instead of an antineutron.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=60064 (848 words)

	The strange world of the exotic atom: Physicists can now make atoms and molecules containing negative particles other ...
		The strange world of the exotic atom: Physicists can now make atoms and molecules containing negative particles other than electrons, and use them not just to test theories, but also to fight cancer
		MOST people think of atoms as consisting of a positively charged nucleus, made up of protons and neutrons, surrounded by orbiting electrons that are negatively charged.
		In particular, physicists have made 'exotic' atoms and molecules that contain a heavy negative particle revolving around the nucleus or nuclei.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg12717284.600.html (337 words)

	2007 Ariel Atom - New Car, Truck, and SUV Road Tests and Drivens - Automobile Magazine
		Compliance-laden rubber bushings are unsurprisingly absent; each of the Atom's pivoting joints is a traditional ball joint or standard motorsport-derived Heim joint.
		Faced with such a package, you'd probably conclude that the Atom was the result of a thousand Keebler motorsport elves working diligently away in some British tree cottage, but you'd be only half right.
		Although Bramscher and his team--with the blessing and assistance of Saunders--have laid their mitts on virtually every component on the Atom, the car is little changed overall from the U.K. version.
	www.automobilemag.com /reviews/exotic/0611_2007_Ariel_Atom (1006 words)

	Exotic Atoms:
		Z, (where the nuclear absorption is weak) deexcite to the ground state and engage in various reactions (muon catalyzed fusion, muon transfer, molecular formation) with initial conditions determined by the atomic cascade.
		Due to their size, exotic atoms are the perfect tool to probe nuclear properties at low energies.
		As an example, the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift experiment is aiming at measuring the proton charge radius.
	www.physics.uoguelph.ca /Seminar/040106.html (160 words)

	Introduction to Positron Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		As an example, imagine two Ps atoms trapped in an arbitrary material, one in a large hole (or pore) and one in in a small pore.
		As the Ps atoms move in their pores, the positron within the atom has a chance to pick off electrons from the material, causing a premature annihilation.
		The likelihood of the pick-off effect is determined by the characteristics of the pore, so the atom in the small pore should have, on average, a shorter lifetime than the one in the large pore.
	www.stolaf.edu /academics/positron/intro.htm (1207 words)

	ScienceDaily: Hi Ho Silver! FSU Physicist Helps Discover An Atomic Oddity
		Proton -- The proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit and a mass of 938.3 MeV/c2, or about 1836 times the mass of an electron.
		Subatomic particle -- A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom: it may be elementary or composite.
		Atom -- In chemistry and physics, an atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060130032803.htm (1811 words)

	Amazon.com: Fundamentals in Hadronic Atom Theory: Books: A. Deloff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This text is the first book-form exposition of hadronic atom theory with emphasis on recent developments, both theoretical and experimental.
		Text presents a quantum mechanical theory of the hadronic hydrogen atom, with emphasis on recent developments.
		When a negatively charged particle (different from electron) stopped in matter is captured into an atomic orbit we have to do with an exotic atom.
	www.amazon.com /Fundamentals-Hadronic-Atom-Theory-Deloff/dp/9812383719 (758 words)

	CERN Courier - DEAR pins down kaonic hydrog - IOP Publishing - article
		The DEAR (DAFNE Exotic Atoms Research) experiment at the DAFNE φ factory at Frascati has performed the most accurate determination of the effect of the strong interaction on the binding energy of kaonic hydrogen.
		Kaonic hydrogen is an exotic atom where the electron is replaced by a K
		Especially interesting is the determination of the strangeness content of the nucleon, which has traditionally been determined from low-energy kaon-nucleon scattering amplitudes.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/45/6/3 (275 words)

	Physics News Update
		About a million of the p-bars at a time ingratiate themselves into helium atoms, essentially taking the place of an electron and, at least in principle, obeying all known laws of atomic physics, including the ability to make quantum jumps between energy states of this exotic "antiprotonic" helium atom.
		In fact the p-bar intruder begins in a somewhat circular orbit but after about one microsecond undergoes a transition to a closer orbit.
		It does this again and again until the antiproton eventually annihilates with a proton or neutron in the helium nucleus.
	www.aip.org /pnu/2001/split/552-2.html (351 words)

	Patrick Labelle @ Suite101.com - Profile
		For the last 4 years I have been teaching Physics at a small college.
		My early research dealt with the properties of positronium, an exotic atom made of matter (an electron) and antimatter (an "anti-electron" or positron).
		I had the opportunity of doing research for a summer at Fermilab (a particle accelerator near Chicago) and at CERN (another accelerator (near Geneva).
	www.suite101.com /profile.cfm/plab (117 words)

	Society of Physics Students Webpage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		I will discuss using exotic atom spectroscopy as a novel approach to the detection of supersymmetric dark matter.
		These antideuterons can be captured into atoms due to their negative charge.
		The resulting exotic atom deexcites with the emission of X-rays, and a burst of pions when the antideuteron meets the nucleus.
	phys.columbia.edu /~hbar/fall05.html (330 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The glory lily is one of the most exotic flowering vines we can grow in the summer garden.
		Source: www.bloggernews.net Exotic dancer has exotic hobby Kansas City Star,andnbsp;MOandnbsp;- Jul 26, 2006A stripper from New Jersey was arrested after police found six human skulls and a severed human hand in her house.
		Wolf dogs killed owner, autopsy determines Wecht finds that woman was (Exotic Pets) Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Piovesan bled to death after being mauled by a pack of nine wolf dogs that she had raised as pets and was so devoted to that She mentioned an interest in exotic animals, but Ms.
	aaxone.com /Exotic-Pets/atom.xml (697 words)

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