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Topic: Exotic matter

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	dark matter
		Within a spiral galaxy, the stars move as if large quantities of dark matter exist around the galaxy's disk; similarly, within clusters of galaxies, the individual galaxies move as if many times more matter is present than that visible in the form of stars and interstellar gas and dust.
		The gravitational tug of the visible matter in the cluster was nowhere near strong enough to explain the high speed of galaxies at the periphery.
		Whatever dark matter is, it’s the primary source of gravitation in the universe; so it must have played a crucial role in determining the structure of everything from galaxies to the large scale arrangement of superclusters (clusters of clusters) of galaxies.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/darkmat.html (1974 words)

	exotic matter
		A hypothetical kind of matter that has both a negative energy density and a negative pressure or tension that exceeds the energy density.
		Almost certainly most of the dark matter in the universe is non-baryonic and therefore made up of one or more forms of exotic matter.
		But we also know that, whatever dark matter is, it’s the primary source of gravitation in the universe; so it must have played a crucial role in determining the structure of everything from galaxies to the large scale arrangement of superclusters (clusters of clusters) of galaxies.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/E/exotic_matter.html (1375 words)

	Worm Holes - White Holes - Crystalinks
		Matter can 'travel' from one mouth to the other by passing through the throat.The name "wormhole" comes from the following analogy used to explain the phenomenon: imagine that the universe is the skin of an apple, and a worm is traveling over its surface.
		These properties of matter are not arbitrary or purely theoretical, we have determined this is the type of space-time geometry most likely needed to produce a stable worm hole.
		As a side note, the notion of negative mass matter is certainly rather disturbing, however because of vacuum fluctuations near a fl hole it is not considered to be an impossibility.
	www.crystalinks.com /wormholes.html (1754 words)

	Dark Matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The distribution of observable matter in a given galaxy was at variance with the gravitational effects measured in the rotation of the said galaxy.
		As a matter of fact, somewhere between 80 and 90 percent of the matter needed to account for the observed gravitational effects was "missing".
		In the normal matter theory, the dark matter would be none-luminous clumps of matter such as brown dwarfs (the planet Jupiter is an example of a brown dwarf), fl holes, and neutron stars.
	home.earthlink.net /~jjwhitt/DrX2/DarkMatter.html (555 words)

	Search for Exotic Matter
		All known hadronic matter is composed of two kinds of quark configurations: baryons, such as protons and neutrons, which are combinations of 3 quarks (qqq), and mesons, such as pions, which are combinations of a quark and an anti-quark (q).
		However states of matter consisting of four quarks and an anti-quark (qqqq), called pentaquarks, are allowed by the theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics, and have been the subject of experimental searches since the 1980’s.
		Evidence of the exotic baryon, which is expected to decay into a neutron (n) and positive K meson, (Theta+ -> n K+) was sought in a reaction in which an energetic photon interacts with a liquid hydrogen target yielding an uncharged antikaon meson, K0, a charged kaon, K+, and a neutron, n.
	physics.rice.edu /naturalsciences/physics/blank.cfm?doc_id=8524 (395 words)

	EXOTIC MATTER AND ENERGY
		Dark matter could be composed of ordinary matter, even ordinary stars and galaxies, shining brightly on their own folds, yet emitting no apparent light in our universe.
		Matter is then a relatively small wave or disturbance on top of this “ocean” of energy [which used to be called the Dirac sea].
		Matter is therefore a “small ripple” on this ocean of energy.
	www.zamandayolculuk.com /cetinbal/exoticmatter.htm (7999 words)

	11.05.2003 - "Dark matter" forms dense clumps in ghost universe
		Early proposals that the invisible matter is comprised of burnt-out stars or heavy neutrinos have not panned out, and the current favorite candidates are exotic particles variously called neutrilinos, axions or other hypothetical supersymmetric particles.
		The ghost universe of dark matter is a template for the visible universe, she said.
		In addition, astrophysicists modeling the motion of dark matter were puzzled to see that each clump had a density that peaked in the center and fell off toward the edges in the exact same way, independent of its size.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2003/11/05_darkmatter.shtml (1027 words)

	Exotic Matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The existence of exotic matter may have some correlation to dark energy or quintessence, (the repulsion forces that drive the expansion of the universe) but are likely not the primary source as exotic matter is yet to be observed in the visible universe.
		The reaction between normal matter and exotic matter, as previously stated, though vaguely, is a repulsive force.
		However, in the case of exotic matter reacting with other exotic matter, the force is the sum of two negatives over the radius squared.
	www.agent-gamer.com /showthread.php?tid=7 (332 words)

	Atoms in Our Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Dark matter is ordinary matter which does not give off light, such as interstellar gases, bodies which do not have enough mass to burn like a star, or objects such as neutron stars, which can no longer produce light.
		Exotic matter may be tiny, like subatomic particles, or huge, like fl holes.
		Hence, it is assumed that the remainder consists of exotic matter.
	pages.prodigy.net /jhonig/bignum/qagalaxy.html (458 words)

	MIND MATTER
		This type of matter may fall into the broad category of "dark matter", because it is invisible, and cannot be easily detected being electrically charge-less.
		It is difficult to conceive of a kind of matter that interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter in the normal way and yet fails to distribute itself in the same geometric formation as that of normal matter.
		The dark matter permeates the neutrons in animal cells but have no dark atom chemistries, because the axions are not confined within their neutrons.
	noeticcenter.tripod.com (6473 words)

	Weighing the Universe (WMAP Special Exhibit) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Ordinary matter is the stuff that we are made of, protons, neutrons, and electrons.
		We cannot see dark matter, but we know it is present in the halos of galaxies and in vast galaxy clusters because of its gravitational effect on ordinary, baryonic matter.
		Dark matter seems to be the "glue" holding galaxies together with all their ordinary matter, for the mass of ordinary matter alone is not enough.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/features/exhibit/map_weighing.html (912 words)

	Wormholes and Exotic Matter
		Typically, both here and in other things I've read, exotic matter is usually conceptualized as being very similar in appearance/structure to neutronium: A very dense and massive substance that is made up of exotic particles jammed very tightly together.
		As for opening the wormhole: During the initial 'capture' of a wormhole from the quantum foam, negative energy alone is used to 'grab' the wormhole as it momentarily expands from the sea of quantum interactions.
		In the RL there is actually a class of wormhole 'designs' that set up the exotic matter along the 'edges' of a frame supporting the wormhole, leaving the wormhole mouth open for transit.
	www.orionsarm.com /intro/wormholes_and_exotic_matter.html (1340 words)

	WormholeConstruction
		Their approach was to rigorously define a wormhole "throat" (the narrowest point) and show that because light rays spread out as they emerge from it, there must be a kind of "antigravity"--the hallmark of exotic matter.
		In the process they found that time-dependent wormholes actually have two throats, one for each direction of traffic, and they say that was one source of the confusion: A theoretical traveler could paradoxically pass the middle of the wormhole without actually reaching the throat for her direction.
		The requirement of exotic matter has been "pretty well understood in the community," says Eanna Flanagan, of Cornell University, despite the number of contrary papers and the lack of an air-tight proof.
	www.zamandayolculuk.com /cetinbal/WormholeConstruction.htm (505 words)

	Nature of Existence - Why there can be no exotic "dark matter" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Certainly any supposed exotic matter in our own galaxy would be expected to be simply "here" where all the rest is. Scientists (the better ones) have been able to find something as exotic and ephemeral as the neutrino but can't find a neutral particle ten times as abundant as normal mass?
		Notice that the general shape of the curve is the same if dark matter is added in the same distribution [green] as normal matter [red] in a spiral galaxy unlike the observed [blue] velocity distribution.
		Dark matter can't interact with itself by conventional gravity or it would have the same distribution as normal matter.
	ebtx.com /ntx/ntx16a.htm (505 words)

	Scientists glimpse exotic matter in a neutron star
		The measurement may lead to a better understanding of nature's building blocks -- protons, neutrons and their constituent quarks -- as they are compressed inside the neutron star to a density trillions of times greater than on Earth.
		Scientists need to understand such exotic matter to test theories describing the fundamental nature of matter and energy, and the strength of nuclear interactions.
		The result supports the theory that matter in the neutron star in EXO 0748-676 is packed so tightly that almost all protons and electrons are squeezed together to become neutrons, which swirl about as a superfluid, a liquid that flows without friction.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-09/uoa-sge090804.php (1017 words)

	COPILOT
		It was this creation and nullification of exotic matter around the Triad that made the strange void in the middle of the gaseous nebula.
		Exotic matter was one of the Holy Grail's of modern science.
		Liam felt nausea as the particles of matter of his own body were nullified be the exotic particles of the node.
	www.aphelion-webzine.com /shorts/copilot.htm (3001 words)

	'Dark Matter' Forms Ghost Universe
		Berkeley - The "dark matter" that comprises a still-undetected one-quarter of the universe is not a uniform cosmic fog, says a University of California, Berkeley, astrophysicist, but instead forms dense clumps that move about like dust motes dancing in a shaft of light.
		In a paper submitted this week to Physical Review D, Chung-Pei Ma, an associate professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley, and Edmund Bertschinger of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), prove that the motion of dark matter clumps can be modeled in a way similar to the Brownian motion of air-borne dust or pollen.
		Dark matter is 25 times more abundant than mere visible matter, so visible matter should cluster wherever dark matter clusters.
	www.rense.com /general44/dark.htm (958 words)

	IK Notes #79 - Local Innovations using Traditional Vegetables to Improve Soil Quality
		Along with exotic vegetables, the proportion of land allocated for traditional vegetables that have a commercial value has steadily increased since the 1970s, although exotic vegetables with their premium prices have greater land allotment.
		After further experimentation, the farmers concluded that when the organic matter of traditional vegetable crops was reworked into the soil, the subsequent yield was greater than when organic matter from exotic vegetables or other crops was worked into the soil.
		Further experimentation led the farmers to conclude that by rotating specific exotic vegetable crops with specific traditional vegetable crops, the result was that the exotic vegetable crops grew better and produced a higher yield in comparison to when they were planted in soil that had not previously hosted the specific traditional vegetables.
	www.worldbank.org /afr/ik/iknt79.htm (2009 words)

	Dark Matter in the Universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Dark matter is material that gravitates but does not emit very much light.
		This means that galaxies are surrounded by dark matter halos which trapped baryonic gas (e.g.
		If this is discovered by future physicists then they will look back at this "dark matter" cosmology much the same way we now view the early "geocentric" cosmologies.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /1996/ph123/l9.html (322 words)

	Weylforge exotic matter creation and wormhole generation
		The enormous energy and matter resources available in such systems are the key to the simultaneous creation of thousands of wormhole gateways.
		Energy to matter conversion is typically 95% efficient, necessitating the use of neutrino cooling systems to remove waste heat.
		The modules generate and regulate a series of sub-quantum reactions mediated through the Zero Point Field to convert normal matter to exotic matter, implode it down to virtually cosmic string densities, and then 'tune' it into the ultra-high frequency stabilization and control patterns that make up the structure of the frames.
	www.orionsarm.com /tech/weylforges.html (791 words)

	SPACE.com -- More Evidence that Dark Matter Rules the Universe
		The new data, from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, shows a galaxy called NGC 720 is enveloped in a slightly flattened, or ellipsoidal cloud of hot gas that has an orientation different from that of the optical image of the galaxy.
		"The shape and orientation of the hot gas cloud require it to be confined by an egg-shaped dark matter halo," said David Buote of the University of California, Irvine, and lead author of a report on this research in the Sept. 20 issue of The Astrophysical Journal.
		Other forms of theorized dark matter, such as self-interacting dark matter and cold molecular dark matter, are not consistent with the observation in that they require a dark matter halo that is too round or too flat, respectively.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/dark_matter_021023.html (592 words)

	ESA Portal - Press Releases - XMM-Newton closes in on space's exotic matter
		Scientists believe that in a neutron star, the density and the temperatures are similar to those existing a fraction of a second after the Big Bang.
		They assume that when matter is tightly packed as it is in a neutron star, it goes through important changes.
		It is possible that even the building-blocks of protons and neutrons, the so-called quarks, get crushed together, giving rise to a kind of exotic plasma of 'dissolved' matter.
	www.esa.int /export/esaCP/Pr_69_2002_p_EN.html (773 words)

	Top Story - EXOTIC INNARDS OF A NEUTRON STAR REVEALED IN A SERIES OF EXPLOSIONS - November 06, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Cottam and her team probed the neutron star's interior by measuring for the first time how light passing through the star's half-inch atmosphere is warped by extreme gravity, a phenomenon called the gravitational redshift.
		At such density, all the space is squeezed out of the atoms inside the neutron star, and protons and electrons squeeze into neutrons, leaving a neutron superfluid, a liquid that flows without friction.
		To obtain its measurement, the team needed the fantastic radiance provided by thermonuclear bursts, which illuminate matter very close to the neutron star surface where gravity is strongest.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/20021003nsexplosion.html (1055 words)

	Matterrific: What is Dark Matter?
		On the one hand, the dark matter could be baryonic matter such as ultra faint stars, fl holes, cold gas, or dust scattered throughout the universe.
		In the second model, they have taken baryons and exotic matter (non-baryonic particles) in quantities that add up to only 20 percent of the matter needed to close the universe.
		Both the planets and the are considered exotic because their exact creation method and composition is unknown.
	www.learnaboutenergy.org /Matterrific/whatdark.html (1030 words)

	The Structure of Infinity
		If all matter had finally moved into the outer perimeter of the universe, that is where the center of gravity would be.
		Evolutionists try to solve it by theorizing that 97% of the mass in the universe is "dark matter" which cannot be located, seen, or identified with any scientific instruments.
		So, modern mainstream astronomy is full of "illusions" and "mirages"(their explanation of why we should not believe our eyes) and "strange and dark" energy, matter, "neutron stars" and "fl holes", none of which have ever been seen or photographed but whose existence they continually invoke in order to save their otherwise failed theories.
	www.freewebtown.com /bhaktivedanta108/The_structure_of_Infinity.html (1542 words)

	XMM-Newton closes in on space's exotic matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A fraction of a second after the Big Bang, all the primordial soup of matter in the Universe was 'broken' into its most fundamental constituents.
		However scientists strongly suspect that the exotic soup of dissolved matter can still be found in today's Universe, in the core of certain very dense objects called neutron stars.
		Their interior may therefore contain a very exotic form of matter.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/xmm_lc/archive/2002/11_06_02.html (522 words)

	God And Science:Cold Dark Matter and Intelligent Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		As explained in a previous article, the matter that belongs to the bulk universe cannot be detected by electromagnetic waves.
		Whether the dark energy is exotic matter or vacuum energy can be concluded in the near future.
		The majority of dark matter, however, is the cold dark matter which might be exotic matter.
	www.thinkbible.net /more/gands7.htm (554 words)

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