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	Exotic Probability Theories and Quantum Mechanics References
		I thought that it might be useful to collect references relevant to exotic probability theories and their relation to quantum mechanics.
		Richard Feynman, Negative Probabilities, in Quantum Implications, eds B.J. Hiley and F.David Peat (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987).
		S.K. Srinivasan, Assignment of Probability to the History of Paths in Quantum Phenomena, preprint, 2006.
	physics.bu.edu /~youssef/quantum/quantum_refs.html (529 words)

	Probability in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		Probability density may refer to probability density function in probability theory probability amplitude in quantum mechanics disambig..
		Statistical probability is a term sometimes used informally as a synonym for frequency probability, which identifies probability with relative frequency over a long series of events or the proportion..
		The sticking probability is the probability that molecules are trapped on surfaces and adsorb chemically...
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Probability (742 words)

	[No title]
		Exotic invasive species represent one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, as well as causing serious economic impacts.
		Invasive and non-invasive exotic species richness in each bioregion was compared to native species richness, road density, elevation, population density, precipitation, and area.
		Maps depicting the distribution, density, and characteristics of exotic plant stands within a managed area, such as a national park, are useful for land managers to focus control efforts and determine the effectiveness of those efforts.
	oregonstate.edu /~brandtan/GEO_565_ann_biblio.html (3165 words)

	Exotic probability - Definition, explanation
		Exotic probability is a branch of probability theory that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of [0, 1].
		According to Youssef, the valid possible alternatives for probability values are the real numbers, the complex numbers and the quaternions.
		Physics with exotic probability theory - paper by Youssef on arXiv.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/e/ex/exotic_probability.php (0 words)

	Super Exotic Sports Cars - What You Should Know, Before Spending Any Money!
		Exotic sports cars will, in all likelihood, be built by smaller manufacturers or perhaps the super high-end vehicles will be created by some of the better-known car companies outside of the United States, as exclusive models.
		The maintenance and repair of an exotic car is certain to be expensive compared to non-exotic vehicles and a buyer should attempt to discover what kind of costs he or she is likely to experience in order to keep the car in running order.
		As with any high performance machine, exotic sports cars can be quite delicate (temperamental) which will, in all probability, require that you, or someone close to you be regularly on hand to make the adjustments to ensure that the vehicle stays in operating order.
	www.mixcat.com /cars/super-exotic-sports-cars-what-you-should-know-before-spending-any-money.php (0 words)

	Physics with exotic probability theory
		Probability theory can be modified in essentially one way while maintaining consistency with the basic Bayesian framework.
		These copies, in turn, allow one to derive quantum theory while restoring standard probability theory in the classical limit.
		These exotic theories are quite substantially simpler than quantum mechanics both conceptually and mathematically.
	hep.bu.edu /abstracts/youssef-nov-01.html (0 words)

	Exotic Plants in Areas of Natural Disturbance in Yosemite National Park (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The threat to natural ecosystem function posed by invasive exotic plants is widely recognized by natural area managers.
		Therefore, non-native plants are most likely to establish in areas that have both a source of exotic seeds and which undergo repeated disturbance.
		In natural systems, river corridors and riparian areas are especially vulnerable as they are subject to regular disturbance, the agent of disturbance is also an agent of propagule transport, and moisture is readily available.
	www.nps.gov /archive/seki/snn/yose_exotics.htm (450 words)

	Ars Mathematica » Blog Archive » Exotic Probabilities
		These are forms of probability theory that share many of the usual axioms of probability theory but in which the probabilities themselves lie in a set other than the non-negative reals eg.
		The primary motivation is that classical mechanics plus complex probabilities looks a lot like quantum mechanics, and so if you believe in complex probabilities you no longer have to worry about things like wavefunction collapse.
		Such exotic variations of probability theory are not its only rivals — the Kolmogorov axioms for probability theory (KPT) (using real numbers) are not uncontested, although a person could study mathematical statistics for many years before learning this (as I know from personal experience).
	www.arsmathematica.net /archives/2005/08/09/exotic-probabilities (365 words)

	Probability for Risk Management (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Really this is more of a calculus issue than a probability issue, but I wish the authors had spent more time on it since it can be confusing.
		I dont think this is a huge drawback; probably there are only 1 or 2 questions on the exam that may not be explained by this books content.
		Another thing to note is that the acturial exam has changed its format recently, so some of the material in here may not be as relevant, but it will be great for general math practice in some other applications you may run into if that is what youre looking for.
	www.econbooks.com /Probability_for_Risk_Management_1566983479.html (2477 words)

	Probability=0.00000001% Video
		The probability of events like these aren't based on how many people there are on the planet, but rather based on how often the initial incident occurs.
		For the car tire example it would be a one in a million chance that the tire would reattach itself for everytime a tire falls off a car, which is infinitely different than your asinine assertion that the tire would reattach itself for every one million people on Earth.
		Ironically, a probability that large given as a precise round number is the first sign that it isn't an actual mathematical prediction.
	www.metacafe.com /watch/544797/probability_0_00000001 (0 words)

	Wildlands CPR - Missoula, Montana (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In nonserpentine grasslands, native cover was greatest in sites >1000 m from roads (23%) and least in sites 10 m from roads (9%), and the percentage of species that were native was significantly greatest in sites >1000 m from roads (44%) and least in those 10 m from roads (32%).
		On both soils, two exotic species (Centaurea solstialis and Aegilops triuncialis) were at there lowest frequencies, while a native bunchgrass, Nassella pulchra, was at its highest frequency, in sites >1000 m from roads.
		The seven principles are sufficiently generic to be applied to the other three coastal provinces of South Africa and probably further afield.
	www.wildlandscpr.org /orvs/orvreferences7-04.htm (5017 words)

	[hep-th/0110253v2] Physics with exotic probability theory
		Abstract: Probability theory can be modified in essentially one way while maintaining consistency with the basic Bayesian framework.
		This modification results in copies of standard probability theory for real, complex or quaternion probabilities.
		The argument leading to these three copies constrain physical theories in the same sense that Cox's original arguments constrain alternatives to standard probability theory.
	xxx.lanl.gov /abs/hep-th/0110253v2 (0 words)

	My favorite way of thinking about the relation between quantum and ordinary intelligence uses the notion of “quantum ...
		Therefore, any system that cannot propagate probabilities both forwards and backwards in time cannot consistently be modeled using complex-valued probabilities (nor quaternionic or octonionic ones, as these are a superset of complex ones), and must be modeled using real-valued probabilities instead
		Youssef’s mathematics also leaves room for yet more exotic probability theories – involving not just the complex numbers, but abstract “numbers” drawn from the quaternionic and octonionic algebras.
		Along with the assumption of the finite Dynamics Master, the key assumption here is the axiom that one must describe any physical system using the most general probability theory that can consistently be applied to it.
	www.goertzel.org /papers/ChaoQM.htm (3212 words)

	Compendium of Measures To Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2005 National Association ...
		Antimicrobial treatment of animals cannot be depended upon to eliminate infection and shedding of enteric pathogens or to prevent reinfection.
		Twelve circus elephant handlers at an exotic animal farm in Illinois were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and one handler had signs consistent with active disease after three elephants died of TB.
		Because of their strength, unpredictability, venom, or the pathogens that they might carry, certain domestic, exotic, or wild animals are not appropriate for use in exhibit settings where a possibility of animal contact exists.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5404a1.htm (7542 words)

	Exotic Probability - meaning of word
		Of the application of such theories to quantum mechanics, Bill Jefferys has said: ''Such approaches are also not necessary and in my opinion they confuse more than they illuminate.'' [http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2002-03/msg0040195.html] ==External links== * http://physics.bu.edu/~youssef/quantum/quantum_refs.html * [http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0110253 Physics with exotic probability theory] - paper by Youssef on arXiv.
		Feynman was a Bayesian probability, as you would expect for a physicist.
		The red flag is the minor tag from the originator of this article, clearly a student prank.
	www.wordsonline.org /Exotic_probability (693 words)

	Light gun fires photons one by one - quantum-world - 24 May 2005 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the last year, a number of companies have begun selling quantum encryption kits that create single photons by reducing the intensity of a laser beam so that it produces pulses each containing less than one photon, on average.
		This is a potentially serious weakness because a hacker could intercept the extra photons without the sender and receiver being any the wiser.
		The device is essentially a standard LED made of gallium arsenide but containing a layer of quantum dots - exotic clusters of indium arsenide each containing just a few thousand atoms.
	www.newscientist.com /channel/fundamentals/quantum-world/dn7420 (568 words)

	Mississippian and Late Prehistoric period, SEAC Prehistory and History
		In all probability, Mississippian chiefdoms controlled only small geographical areas and were in constant states of change because their power rested on fragile agricultural adaptations.
		More likely, similarity in exotic artifacts was due to a Mississippian exchange network linking hundreds of large and small communities, which functioned to promote the exchange of prestige goods for food.
		A similar exchange system probably functioned in the Middle Woodland period and similarly accounted for the exchange of exotic goods that were similar in appearance from site to site.
	www.cr.nps.gov /seac/misslate.htm (1134 words)

	Amazon.com: Probability for risk management: Books: Matthew J Hassett (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Probability: The Science of Uncertainty with Applications to Investments, Insurance, and Engineering by Michael A. Bean
		A fair amount of the material in this book (especially the more exotic probability distributions) simply isn't important enough to appear on the exam, and some of the material on the exam is not covered here.
		This is a fine starting point for learning basic probability theory (or better, as a refresher) but is inadequate as a stand-alone preparation for the exam.
	www.amazon.com /Probability-risk-management-Matthew-Hassett/dp/B0006RXZD6 (3247 words)

	White Rose Research Online - Causes of exotic bird establishment across oceanic islands
		The probability that exotic species will successfully establish viable populations varies between regions, for reasons that are currently unknown.
		Here, we use data for exotic bird introductions to 41 oceanic islands and archipelagos around the globe to test five hypotheses for this variation: the effects of introduction effort, competition, predation, human disturbance and habitat diversity (island biogeography).
		However, they also reveal a strong negative interaction across regions between establishment success and predation; exotic birds are more likely to fail on islands with species-rich mammalian predator assemblages.
	eprints.whiterose.ac.uk /archive/00001411 (198 words)

	Exotic Pure Cubic Fields
		All fields of PFT Beta with non-escalatory orbit are non-exotic with M = 2.
		Population of Exotic Fields among fields of DT 1B and PFT Beta with Escalatory Orbit:
		Population of Exotic Fields among fields of DT 2 and PFT Beta:
	www.algebra.at /AissaDan14.htm (0 words)

	Science Fiction Book Reviews
		Amanda's personality—a mix of naivete and brains, fear and courage—makes her a good foil to the more experienced reactions and decisions and ethical dilemmas of the Kaufman-Grant team.
		And Amanda's desperate flight across the solar system insures that we receive a good tour of the home system that complements the more exotic locales.
		Two passages exhibit Kress' refreshing take on how life continues on many levels despite high-flown dramatic incidents.
	www.scifi.com /sfw/issue280/books2.html (0 words)

	Fuzzy archive: Re: The Fuzzy Logic of Quantum Mechanics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		in probability theory, particularly in the kind used in fuzzy logic.
		There is if you are doing conventional probability theory.
		It is not present in any conventional probability theory.
	www.dbai.tuwien.ac.at /marchives/fuzzy-mail98/0521.html (408 words)

	Book by Stanley Gudder - Mathematical Journey - 0070251053 book best seller list
		Exotic probability is a branch of probability theory that deals with probabilities which are outside the normal range of 0, 1">0, 1.
		Youssef also cites the work of Richard Feynman, P. Dirac, Stanley Gudder and S. Srinivasan as relevant to exotic probability theories.
		Physics with exotic probability theory xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0110253 Physics with exotic probability theory - paper by Youssef on arXiv.
	www.isbncheck.com /890595_stanley-gudder_0070251053mathematicaljourneybookbestsellerlist.html (323 words)

	Amazon.com: Probability for Risk Management: Books: Matthew J., Ph.D. Hassett,Donald Stewart (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If you are studying for Exam 1 and you are looking for a probability book, this is the one for you.
		This is an excelent book for students who are looking for a first course in probability.
		Once you read carefully this book and you did all the exercises (there is a solution manual available separately) you can move to more advanced probability books.
	www.amazon.com /Probability-Management-Matthew-Ph-D-Hassett/dp/1566983479 (3281 words)

	Exotic Sphere -- from Wolfram MathWorld
		Using surgery theory, it is possible to relate the number of diffeomorphism classes of exotic spheres to higher homotopy groups of spheres (Kosinski 1992).
		The claim that there is exactly one is known as the smooth Poincaré conjecture for
		The only exotic Euclidean spaces are a continuum of exotic R4 structures.
	mathworld.wolfram.com /ExoticSphere.html (227 words)

	Lonely Planet \| On the Road (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The years of isolation have bequeathed it a whiff of the exotic.
		To visit here is an adventure, a journey across a frontier of the mind into a territory that once was forbidden.
		Equally important, Libya alone can promise a more-than-90% probability of clear desert skies under which to view the eclipse unhindered.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /journeys/feature/libya06.cfm (959 words)

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