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Topic: Experiential learning

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	TIP: Theories
		To Rogers, experiential learning is equivalent to personal change and growth.
		Rogers feels that all human beings have a natural propensity to learn; the role of the teacher is to facilitate such learning.
		Rogers and Frieberg (1994) discuss applications of the experiential learning framework to the classroom.
	tip.psychology.org /rogers.html (412 words)

	Hypermedia as an experiential learning tool: a theoretical model
		Consequently, this view of learning embodies a strongly individualistic conception of learning, in the sense that the individual behaviour is modified due to presentation of stimuli from the learning environment.
		Situated learning raises another important issue in constructivist learning, i.e., the way an individual learns and the cognitive resources which are called upon depend on the nature of the learning situation and previous learning activities (Hammond, 1993).
		The experiential learning cycle supports ideas very close to those of the constructivists, and stems from the concepts of learning by doing first attributed to Dewey (Kuhlthau, 1993) and reflection and reflective practice postulated by Schön (1983).
	informationr.net /ir/2-1/paper12.html (6435 words)

	david a. kolb on experiential learning
		The second type of experiential learning is 'education that occurs as a direct participation in the events of life' (Houle 1980: 221).
		Chapters deal with the foundation of contemporary approaches to experiential learning; the process of experiential learning; structural foundations of the learning process; individuality in learning and the concept of learning styles; the structure of knowledge; the experiential learning theory of development; learning and development in higher education; lifelong learning and integrative development.
		Experiential Learning Theory Bibliography: Prepared by Alice Kolb and David Kolb, this is an extensive bibliography of on experiential learning theory from 1971-2001.
	www.infed.org /biblio/b-explrn.htm (2962 words)

	Experiential Learning Cycles
		The model which dominates experiential learning theory is a four stage learning cycle, of which there are many versions, the one I have found most frequently quoted being that of Kolb (1984).
		The article Experiential Learning on the Web by Tim Pickles' is followed by some critiques of Kolb's experiential learning theory from a range of perspectives - together with a link to Kolb's FAQ page about his experiential learning theory and learning styles.
		Learning to Learn a summary of 2 learning cycles (Kolb, Honey and Mumford), descriptions of Honey and Mumford's 4 learning styles, Temporal and Boydell's blockages to learning, and Mumford's list of skills involved in effective learning behaviour.
	www.reviewing.co.uk /research/learning.cycles.htm (1464 words)

	Experiential Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In terms of learning, experiential learning can be described as a process by which the experience of the learner is reflected upon, and from this emerge new insights or learnings.
		Most models of experiential learning are cyclical and have three basic phases: an experience or problem situation; a reflective phase within which the learner examines the experience and draws learnings from that reflection; and a testing phase within which the new integrated insights or learnings are applied to a new problem situation or experience.
		Experiential learning can therefore be defined in terms of a learning model "which begins with the experience followed by reflection, discussion, analysis and evaluation of the experience.
	www.el.uct.ac.za (855 words)

	experiential learning
		Experiential learning thus involves a, 'direct encounter with the phenomena being studied rather than merely thinking about the encounter, or only considering the possibility of doing something about it.' (Borzak 1981: 9 quoted in Brookfield 1983).
		This sort of learning is sponsored by an institution and might be used on training programmes for professions such as social work and teaching or in field study programmes such as those for social administration or geography courses.
		Experiential Learning he discusses the structure of knowledge from what is basically a social psychology perspective.
	www.infed.org /support/handouts/experiential_learning.htm (1322 words)

	Experiential Learning in Higher Education: Linking Classroom and Community
		While the literature suggests that experiential learning is a necessary and vital component of formal instruction in colleges and universities, controversy never-the-less exists among scholars and educators about its place and use.
		Experiential learning as a formal part of college and university curricula extends across the range of subject areas and disciplines.
		As college faculty recognize a need to provide experiential learning opportunities into their courses and programs to make learning more relevant for their students, more and more literature is emerging, spanning the disciplines from the social-sciences programs to the arts and humanities.
	www.ntlf.com /html/lib/bib/95-7dig.htm (1187 words)

	Kelly - David Kolb, The Theory of Experiential Learning and ESL (I-TESL-J)
		"Experiential" learning is not just "fieldwork" or "praxis" (the connecting of learning to real life situations) although it is the basis for these approaches, it is a theory that defines the cognitive processes of learning.
		Even in the fourth edition of Travers' widely-used Essentials of Learning, a college-level textbook on Educational Psychology, there is no index entry for "experience" and learning is defined as "a relative permanent change in a response R as a result of exposure to stimuli S." (Travers, 1977, pp.
		Learning is about developing skills and methods, and acquiring facts that can be used as necessary.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Kelly-Experiential (1594 words)

	Experiential Learning & Experiential Education: Philosophy, theory, practice & resources
		Experiential education is elusive, often paradoxical, a multifaceted jewel with ethical, aesthetic, spiritual, physical social and psychological dimensions, even cosmic dimensions.
		In this sense, experiential learning is not an alternative approach, but the most traditional and fundamental method of human learning.
		Ironically, the current perception of experiential education as ‘different’ is probably less due to new developments in experiential learning than it is to the normalization of didactic teaching as the mainstream educational methodology.
	www.wilderdom.com /experiential (573 words)

	New Century College Experiential Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Experiential learning is one way in which that connection occurs.
		The college has developed many ways for students to fulfill the experiential learning requirement and college advisers help students to research the placements most relevant to their individual interests and concentrations.
		Students learn about ecology in its broadest sense, including the unique cultures that shape it, and are shaped by it.
	www.ncc.gmu.edu /exlearn.html (404 words)

	Experiential learning articles + critiques of David Kolb's theory
		His highly influential book entitled 'Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development' was first published in 1984 since when his ideas have had a dramatic impact on the design and development of lifelong learning models.
		This experiential learning cycle has been very influential in, for example, education and management development, although it used typically in a much simplified and even stereotypical form that neglects the depth and variation to be found in Kolb (1984).
		The paper concludes that the infrastructure of Experiential Learning Theory, its Model, and the Learning Style Inventory is faulty at the core, and recommends that the operational evolution of learning styles as a combination of contiguous modes of learning be re-evaluated.
	reviewing.co.uk /research/experiential.learning.htm (3753 words)

	Experiential Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Center for Experiential Learning is the centralized office responsible for the coordination and supervision of experiential learning opportunities for King’s College students.
		Experiential Learning is a process involving student learning through active participation in the world of work.
		The college views experiential learning as a complement to classroom instruction and as a meaningful bridge connecting the academic and professional worlds.
	www.kings.edu /academics/intern.html (1394 words)

	Adult Learning - Ebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is the belief of the authors that all styles of learning are applicable to both early childhood and adult learning, with differences presenting themselves in regard to the use of the style based on the learning environment.
		Experiential learning thus has the learner directly involved with the material being studied instead of just thinking and talking about that material.
		Experiential learning theory allows for the generation of understanding and allows for the transfer of skills and knowledge.
	www.coe.uga.edu /epltt/AdultEducation.htm (4142 words)

	Learning from Experience :: Ageless Learner
		With so much attention on simulations and action learning in education literature, it's too bad many people aren't aware of the underlying discipline of these two topics and what is arguably the foundation of most everything we learn: Experiential Education.
		He draws primarily on the works of Dewey (who emphasized the need for learning to be grounded in experience), Lewin (who stressed the importance of a people being active in learning), and Jean Piaget (who described intelligence as the result of the interaction of the person and the environment).
		The problem with experiential learning is that in organizations we may not get to see the outcomes of our actions and, thus, cannot reflect on them to learn.
	agelesslearner.com /intros/experiential.html (1483 words)

	Experience Based Learning Systems, Inc. - Devoted to the advancement of experiential learning
		Experience Based Learning Systems, Inc. (EBLS) is a research and development company devoted to advancement of the theory, research and practice of experiential learning.
		Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education
		Learning styles and learning spaces: A review of multidisciplinary application of experiential learning theory in higher education
	www.learningfromexperience.com (202 words)

	Experiential Learning
		At a minor level there is a need for adjustment between learner and teacher: sometimes their preferences are complementary, sometimes antagonistic, and of course sometimes collusive if they both tend to go for the same stages in the cycle.
		Kolb and his colleagues have undertaken extensive empirical work using the Learning Styles Inventory to relate different subject disciplines to the quadrants of the learning cycle and hence to different forms of knowledge: partly for reasons of space and partly for copyright reasons, you are referred to the text for the results.
		This would suggest that different subject areas call for different learning styles, and raises the usual chicken and egg question as to whether the discipline promotes a particular learning style, or whether preferred learning style leads to adoption of a discipline, or of course, both.
	www.learningandteaching.info /learning/experience.htm (1358 words)

	Heads-on, Hands-on: The Power of Experiential Learning!
		An understanding of this process called "experiential learning" will help new and experienced educators provide youth with rewarding and fun experiences.
		Learning is more fun for youth, and teaching is more fun for adult leaders and helpers.
		If youth are actively engaged in learning, they have a greater stake in the outcome of what they learn and are less likely to become discipline problems.
	4hccsprojects.com /learn (437 words)

	Welcome to the Texas Collaborative for Teaching Excellence website
		Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (Kolb, D. 1984) is based on John Dewey's emphasis on the need for learning to be grounded in experience, Kurt Lewin's, work that stressed the importance of a person's being active in learning, and Jean Piaget's theory on intelligence as the result of the interaction of the person and the environment.
		Lisa Lim's article, "Going Cycling with Learning Styles" diagrams how a learner might start at the style within Kolb's cycle that he or she is most comfortable with and progress through the rest of the cycle.
		"Cultural Learning Styles" by Al Heredia explores the research that has been done regarding learning styles among Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, and Native American students and the advantages and disadvantages of using culture as a means of understanding learning styles and their impact on the education of minority students.
	www.texascollaborative.org /Learning_Styles.html (3976 words)

	International Consortium for Experiential Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is a network of organizations and individuals whose aim is to promote experiential learning at a global and international level.
		It is particularly concerned with experiential learning as a vehicle for personal, social and global change, as well as with institutional and community applications.
		To maintain an active international and cross-disciplinary dialogue among practitioners, theoreticians, administrators and policy makers, from the diverse fields of experiential learning.
	www.el.uct.ac.za /icel (307 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / A new twist in the debate on learning in online classes
		At least 80 public and private schools in Massachusetts participate in distance learning, along with hundreds across the country.
		The department must consider the new reality of distance learning and how to accommodate alternative students, she said.
		The trend is toward flexibility and personalized learning plans, but change is gradual, Carr said.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2004/09/25/a_new_twist_in_the_debate_on_learning_in_online_classes (524 words)

	Association for Experiential Education
		The Association for Experiential Education is working with the National Middle School Association to develop plans to provide assistance to students, teachers, and schools affected by the hurricane and flooding along the Gulf Coast.
		The author describes how to create a learning environment that begins with the idea of classroom as community, filled with students sharing common interests and joint participation.
		Learn how to start a program of your own that can act as a springboard for developing an action plan to use in your individual situation.
	www.aee.org (1513 words)

	Education - Experiential Learning - David A. Kolb - Erudium
		According to Kolb, learning styles may be seen through two continuums going from concrete to abstract and active and reflective.
		Moreover Kolb considered that it was preferable for a student to learn through this cycle, allowing him or her to experiment with four learning styles in order to have a better understanding of a subject.
		It appears that certain technologies or educational activities would be more appropriate to a specific learning style.
	www.erudium.polymtl.ca /html-eng/education/education4b.php (308 words)

	Learning Theories: Experiential Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Rogers distinquished two types of learning: cognitive (meaningless) and experiential (significant).
		Rogers also emphasizes the importance of learning to learn and an openness to change.
		It applies primarily to adult learners and has influenced other theories of adult learning.
	www.educationau.edu.au /archives/cp/04f.htm (331 words)

	Learning-Style Inventory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		David A. Kolb's Learning Style Inventory describes the way you learn and how you deal with ideas and day-to-day situations in your life.
		However, in education we have tended to emphasize two of "the ways of learning": logical/mathematical and verbal/linguistic.
		In addition to filling out this inventory, on a separate piece of paper, please describe the forms of learning/intelligence that you tend to utilize and/or enjoy most, as well as the forms which you feel you rarely utilize or have not spent much time developing.
	pss.uvm.edu /pss162/learning_styles.html (1610 words)

	Experiential Learning
		Obtain an in-depth experience in one or more area(s) of law of particular interest to the student, which experience will increase the student's knowledge of the area(s) of law and the importance of understanding the institutional and practice context in which the law is applied.
		The above goals need not be the exclusive goals for a student's experience, but must constitute the primary reason(s) for enrollment in an experiential program.
		The program should provide a learning experience that would n ot be available to the student without the practice experience and provide for growth of the student's capacity to reflect upon and learn from experience.
	www.vermontlaw.edu /experiential (667 words)

	Online Degree \| Online Education \| Online Degree Programs \| Distance Learning at Breyer State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		These are designed for those with significant past credits, education, and experiences in the major area of study.
		Students work through their programs by developing comprehensive learning contracts and completing these contracts through independent study, research, and projects.
		PLEASE NOTE: Breyer State University is not a state specific University and not a State University of Alabama or Idaho.
	www.breyerstate.com (459 words)

	Learning from experience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This suggests that there are four stages which follow from each other: Concrete Experience is followed by Reflection on that experience on a personal basis.
		Hence behavioural theories of learning concentrate almost exclusively on the visible Active Experimentation processes.
		Broadly speaking, he suggests that practitioners of creative disciplines, such as the arts, are found in the Divergent quadrant.
	www.dmu.ac.uk /%7Ejamesa/learning/experien.htm (1200 words)

	Trekking to the Top
		On Tom Arnold's first day in Antarctica, he found himself part of a team undertaking the daunting task of constructing a snow wall to shield the group's tents from the bone-chilling wind.
		Such experiential learning programs have grown in importance as elements in the leadership-course boom at many top business schools.
		Learn about our eight-session prep classes and week-long intensive courses.
	www.businessweek.com /bschools/content/feb2005/bs20050228_7409_bs001.htm (1345 words)

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