Experimental Breeder Reactor I

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Topic: Experimental Breeder Reactor I

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	MSN Encarta - Search Results - fast-breeder reactor
		The breeder system that has had the greatest development effort is called the liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR).
		In the United States, three civilian experimental power reactors came into operation; full-scale prototypes of several were being built to carry forward the technology obtained from experimental plants; a large-scale prototype power...
		1958: Atomic Energy : GREAT BRITAIN : Future Power Reactors.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /fast-breeder_reactor.html (164 words)

	Breeder Reactor Chronicle
		A breeder was constructed there in 1951, and it was labeled Experimental Breeder Reactor I. This one used an alloy of sodium and potassium metals for cooling.
		This is because the reactor is barely critical, and expansion of the metallic uranium fuel lowers the neutron flux, the opposite of the effect of compression on implosion.
		That is, a reactor based on this principle could breed fissile material from fertile material in quantity, and in principle as much as 75% of the total energy locked up in heavy nuclei could be utilized.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~warf/breeder.html (2452 words)

	Japan puts reactor program on back burner
		Two more experimental fast- breeder reactors were initially planned for construction in the next century after Monju.
		The state-owned Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp (PNC), the operator of Japan's fault-prone prototype fast- breeder reactor Monju, also came under criticism in the report for accidents and cover-ups.
		Japan's continued allegiance to the fast- breeder reactor technology has flown in the face of global trends to abandon the program.
	dieoff.org /page155.htm (497 words)

	Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II)
		The EBR-II plant consists of a sodium-cooled reactor with a thermal power rating of 62.5 megawatts (MW), an intermediate closed loop of secondary sodium, and a steam plant that produces 19 MW of electrical power through a conventional turbine generator.
		The emphasis was then shifted to testing fuels and materials for future, larger, liquid metal reactors in the radiation environment of the EBR-II reactor core.
		A cover-gas cleanup system to measure and remove impurities from reactor cover gas in support of experiments of fuel with breached cladding.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /designs/ifr/ebr.html (571 words)

	project5.html
		The first experimental breeder reactor was a small plutonium-fueled, mercury-cooled device, operating at a power level of 25 kW.
		Breeder Reactors are capable of satisfying the electrical energy needs of the world for thousands of years.
		The reactor is fueled with bred isotopes of plutonium in the core, and the blanket is natural or depleted uranium.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /thyd/ne161/shir/project5.html (1465 words)

	Atomic Heritage Foundation: The Manhattan Project and the Atomic Age
		The Experimental Breeder Reactor-I (EBR-I) was the first nuclear reactor in the world to produce useable quantities of electric power.
		On December 20, 1951, a successful experiment at EBR-I conclusively proved that it was possible to harness the energy produced by a nuclear reactor as the reactor successfully generated enough electricity to power four light bulbs.
		In just twelve years of operation, the reactor achieved many firsts: it was the first breeder reactor, the first to generate usable quantities of electricity from atomic energy, the first to use liquid-metal as a coolant, and the first plutonium-fueled reactor.
	www.atomicheritage.org /ebr1.htm (480 words)

	NEI Source Book: Fourth Edition (NEISB_3.2.A2)
		The first Soviet breeder reactor, an experimental 200-kilowatt unit, began operating in 1956 at the research and design center at Obninsk.
		The sole operating unit at Beloyarsk, the BN-600, is a sodium-cooled breeder reactor that generates new fuel as it operates.
		BN-600 is a three-loop "pool" design, meaning that the major components--such as the reactor and recirculating pumps--are submerged in a large pool of liquid sodium.
	www.insc.anl.gov /neisb/neisb4/NEISB_3.2.A2.html (649 words)

	Experimental Breeder Reactor - I
		EBR-I is the first atomic reactor to generate electricity.
		Engineers tested a complete aircraft power plant consisting of a reactor, a radiation shield, two X-39 engines, ducting, control parts and instrumentation; the whole assembly was called a core test facility because it was designed for the insertion of different reactor cores as they were developed.
		EBR-1 was the first atomic reactor in the world to generate usable amounts of electricity.
	www.atomictourist.com /ebr.htm (413 words)

	The Hindu : The fast breeder reactor
		A small fast breeder reactor called the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) was built at Kalpakkam and has been in operation from the mid-1980s.
		Germany had built its own prototype reactor, which never went into operation because of strong anti-nuclear sentiment, which became unmanageable in the case of the plutonium-fuelled reactor.
		Some of these early reactors had many technical problems, some related to liquid sodium which is used as a coolant.
	www.hindu.com /2003/09/17/stories/2003091703770800.htm (1492 words)

	China
		A preliminary foundation for a fast reactor design was established, and approximately 20 experimental setups and sodium loops were built.
		The plant was reportedly intended to generate the fuel necessary to power China's planned fast breeder reactor.
		During its basic research period from 1965 to 1987, China's research focused on fast reactor technology such as fast reactor physics, thermodynamics, sodium technology and small sodium facility.
	www.nti.org /db/china/fbrprog.htm (672 words)

	Experimental Breeder Reactor-II [Decommissioning Projects] - Decontamination and Decommissioning
		Currently, the EBR-II reactor is in a safe storage configuration with all primary and secondary systems drained of sodium, a passivation layer consisting of sodium bicarbonate exists on exposed sodium surfaces, and all primary and secondary systems inerted with a cover gas blanket.
		The third and final phase of the decommissioning activity was the placement of the reactor and non-reactor systems in a radiological and industrially safe condition.
		Specifically, de-fuelling of the reactor, the design and construction of the sodium process facility and initial sodium processing had taken place.
	www.dd.anl.gov /projects/ebrII.html (576 words)

	Experimental Breeder Reactor 1
		While no longer working (in fact, since it was an experimental reactor, it only had the power to run the building it's in) it is now a museum and a monument to the beginning of the nuclear age.
		Unexpectedly, the first breeder reactor that also generated electricity moved up the list.
		As I mentioned with the Mammoth Site, we had the whole family vote on what to see on this trip.
	pics.misterblue.com /200208-Montana/EBR-1 (90 words)

	Nuclear Reactor
		A research reactor is designed to produce various beams of radiation for experimental application; the heat produced is a waste product and is dissipated as efficiently as possible.
		A nuclear reactor is sometimes called an atomic pile because a reactor using graphite as a moderator consists of a pile of graphite blocks with rods of uranium fuel inserted into it.
		Reactors in which the uranium rods are immersed in a bath of heavy water are often referred to as “swimming-pool” reactors.
	www.question.com /link/nuclreac.html (90 words)

	project5.html
		The first experimental breeder reactor was a small plutonium-fueled, mercury-cooled device, operating at a power level of 25 kW.
		Breeder Reactors are capable of satisfying the electrical energy needs of the world for thousands of years.
		The fundamental principle behind the fast breeder reactor concept were discovered before the end of World War II, and the potential impact of breeder reactors on future energy supplies was immediately recognized.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /thyd/ne161/shir/project5.html (1465 words)

	ANL-W History - Reactors (EBR-I)
		ANL-W History - Reactors (EBR-I) Exterior picture of EBR-I. The Experimental Breeder Reactor-I (EBR-I) was the first reactor built on the National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS), now called Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL).
		Experiments conducted over the next year provided valuable data on breeding in a plutonium fueled reactor and helped scientists in their understanding of plutonium behavior in an operating reactor.
		EBR-I ushered in a new era in nuclear history when it became the first reactor to generate useable amounts of electricity from nuclear energy.
	www.anlw.anl.gov /anlw_history/reactors/ebr_i.html (1465 words)

	Experimental Breeder Reactor - I
		Engineers tested a complete aircraft power plant consisting of a reactor, a radiation shield, two X-39 engines, ducting, control parts and instrumentation; the whole assembly was called a core test facility because it was designed for the insertion of different reactor cores as they were developed.
		EBR-1 was the first atomic reactor in the world to generate usable amounts of electricity.
		The pilots would have received a fairly large dose of radiation, because good shielding would have been too heavy to fly, and there were the obvious safety problems with airborne reactors.
	www.atomictourist.com /ebr.htm (1465 words)

	Atomic Heritage Foundation: The Manhattan Project and the Atomic Age
		The Experimental Breeder Reactor-I (EBR-I) was the first nuclear reactor in the world to produce useable quantities of electric power.
		In just twelve years of operation, the reactor achieved many firsts: it was the first breeder reactor, the first to generate usable quantities of electricity from atomic energy, the first to use liquid-metal as a coolant, and the first plutonium-fueled reactor.
		On December 20, 1951, a successful experiment at EBR-I conclusively proved that it was possible to harness the energy produced by a nuclear reactor as the reactor successfully generated enough electricity to power four light bulbs.
	www.atomicheritage.org /ebr1.htm (1465 words)

	China
		A preliminary foundation for a fast reactor design was established, and approximately 20 experimental setups and sodium loops were built.
		China began research on fast neutron breeder reactors in the mid- and late-1960s.
		During its basic research period from 1965 to 1987, China's research focused on fast reactor technology such as fast reactor physics, thermodynamics, sodium technology and small sodium facility.
	www.nti.org /db/china/fbrprog.htm (672 words)

	Kyodo World News Service: Joyo fast-breeder reactor in full operation after renovation+@ HighBeam Research
		The Joyo experimental fast-breeder reactor in Oarai, Ibaraki Prefecture, began full operation Monday for the first time in four years, after renovations were completed, the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute said.
		Power output was raised to 140 megawatts from 100 megawatts during the renovations to develop fast-breeder reactor technologies that began in October 2000 following a suspension four months earlier.
		Kyodo World News Service: Joyo fast-breeder reactor in full operation after renovation+@ HighBeam Research
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:94865379&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (208 words)

	The Hindu : The fast breeder reactor
		A small fast breeder reactor called the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) was built at Kalpakkam and has been in operation from the mid-1980s.
		After working on small size experimental FBRs, some of these countries took up work on larger units, as part of the electrical power systems.
		Realism would imply that it would be unwise to assume that the reactor would start supplying power at the rate of 500 MW once it begins operating.
	www.hindu.com /2003/09/17/stories/2003091703770800.htm (1492 words)

	Japan puts reactor program on back burner
		Two more experimental fast- breeder reactors were initially planned for construction in the next century after Monju.
		The state-owned Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corp (PNC), the operator of Japan's fault-prone prototype fast- breeder reactor Monju, also came under criticism in the report for accidents and cover-ups.
		Japan's continued allegiance to the fast- breeder reactor technology has flown in the face of global trends to abandon the program.
	dieoff.org /page155.htm (497 words)

	The Fermi One Fast Breeder Power Reactor
		The first experimental fast breeder, ERB-1 reactor is preserved as a historic site in Idaho.
		the first power reactors of its type that operated safely and proved the feasibility of the fast breeder design on a commercial scale.
		The stack is for an oil-fired boiler to permit turbine operation during periods of reactor refueling and modification.
	www.historicmonroe.org /h024.htm (322 words)

	In The Northwest: Democrats going after Northwest's GOP bastions
		The Republicans warned Tri-Cities voters in 2000 that the Fast Flux Test Facility -- an experimental nuclear breeder reactor -- would never again operate if Democrats won.
		The Bush administration then proceeded to permanently shut it down.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /connelly/184460_joel02.html (322 words)

	Reactors: Modern-Day Alchemy
		Experimental Breeder Reactor II was the first reactor to contain, as an integral part, a fuel reprocessing system that allowed spent uranium fuel to be removed from the sodium-cooled reactor, purified and made into new fuel elements, and then replaced into the reactor-- the ultimate recycling, energy-saving, and waste management system.
		Experimental Breeder Reactor II and its primary system components -- including pumps, heat exchanger, instrumentation, and fuel handling system -- were submerged in a large tank of sodium during operation.
		Work on this next generation of fast reactors-- clean, resource-efficient, waste-reducing reactors-- was halted by Congress in September 1994 as the laboratory's mission was redirected by the Department of Energy into the development of electrometallurgical technology for DOE spent fuel treatment, reactor and fuel cycle safety, and decontamination and decommissioning technology.
	www.anl.gov /Science_and_Technology/History/Anniversary_Frontiers/alchemy.html (1507 words)

	Interview with S.P.Bhoje - www.chennaibest.com
		Bhoje was the Member Secretary of the 500 Mwe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor working group, for the preparation of the preliminary design report and feasibility report from 1981 to 1983.
		In 1992, he was appointed Director, Reactor Group, with the responsibility of operation of the Fast Breeder Test Reactor and design and engineering development of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor.
		He joined the Fast Reactor section of Reactor Engineering Division at the centre in 1967 and was engaged in the design of Experimental Fast Reactor.
	www.chennaibest.com /discoverchennai/personalities/others9.asp (409 words)

	project5.html
		The first reactor in the world which produced electricity was the experimental breeder reactor EBR I in the US in 1951.
		The first experimental breeder reactor was a small plutonium-fueled, mercury-cooled device, operating at a power level of 25 kW.
		The fundamental principle behind the fast breeder reactor concept were discovered before the end of World War II, and the potential impact of breeder reactors on future energy supplies was immediately recognized.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /thyd/ne161/shir/project5.html (1465 words)

	China
		A preliminary foundation for a fast reactor design was established, and approximately 20 experimental setups and sodium loops were built.
		The plant was reportedly intended to generate the fuel necessary to power China's planned fast breeder reactor.
		Further developments were made in sodium technology, fuel and materials, fast reactor safety, and reactor design.
	www.nti.org /db/china/fbrprog.htm (672 words)

	Idaho Falls, City of Destiny
		The first reactor was Experimental Breeder Reactor-I which chalked up one of the most historic achievements of the century in producing the first use of nuclear fission electricity December 20, 1951.
		Experimental Breeder Reactor I produced electricity by nuclear fission.
		Work in the Army Reactor Experimental Area on the site in 1957 was aimed at developing a family of small reactors that could meet a number of military requirements, including being compact, lightweight, and mobile.
	www.museumofidaho.org /LocalItems/chap20.html (672 words)

	Interview with S.P.Bhoje - www.chennaibest.com
		In 1992, he was appointed Director, Reactor Group, with the responsibility of operation of the Fast Breeder Test Reactor and design and engineering development of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor.
		Bhoje was the Member Secretary of the 500 Mwe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor working group, for the preparation of the preliminary design report and feasibility report from 1981 to 1983.
		He joined the Fast Reactor section of Reactor Engineering Division at the centre in 1967 and was engaged in the design of Experimental Fast Reactor.
	www.chennaibest.com /discoverchennai/personalities/others9.asp (672 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		EBR-II (Experimental Breeder Reactor-II) system surveillance using pattern recognition software
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6839387 - EBR-II (Experimental Breeder Reactor-II) system surveillance using pattern recognition software
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6839387 (163 words)

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