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	Experimental techniques -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Experimental research designs are used for the controlled testing of (Click link for more info and facts about causal) causal processes.
		The techniques are commonly used in other social sciences including (The study and classification of human societies) sociology and (The science of mental life) psychology.
		One of the most important requirements of experimental research designs is the necessity of eliminating the effects of (Click link for more info and facts about spurious) spurious, intervening, and (Click link for more info and facts about antecedent variable) antecedent variables.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ex/experimental_techniques.htm (869 words)

	FILE: <BC-73
		In the experimental evaluation of biological control, testing whether regulation exists and which natural enemies are responsible for the regulation, life tables and their analyses provide a quantitative framework in which to explore the consequences of a predator/prey interaction and to generate hypotheses.
		The techniques call for the development of antibodies or methods for identifying the isozymes of the prey species or stage, the development of methods to estimate the predator and prey densities, including those needed to estimate the densities of alternate prey, and the identification of the predator and prey stages involved.
		The basis of the technique is to isolate a protein, produce antibodies to it and use the purified antibody in microcomplement reactions within and between taxa.
	www.faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/biotact/bc-73.htm (11976 words)

	Society for Experimental Mechanics
		Experimental Techniques is devoted to relatively brief and informal "how-to-do-it" or "how-not-to-do-it" articles, emphasizing experimental, analytical and computational techniques and methods.
		Experimental Techniques is designed for the practicing engineer or technician who must find ingenious means to collect testing and measurement data.
		The Society owes a debt of gratitude to these individuals for their foresight and for making Experimental Techniques into the publication it is today.
	www.sem.org /ET_Overview.asp (438 words)

	Experimental techniques: MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry
		Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a relatively novel technique in which a co-precipitate of an UV-light absorbing matrix and a biomolecule is irradiated by a nanosecond laser pulse.
		Protein identification by this technique has the advantage of short measuring time (few minutes) and negligible sample consumption (less than 1 pmol) together with additional information on microheterogeneity (e.g.
		Although molecular biology has provided powerful techniques for DNA analysis, this is not yet reflected in protein analysis.
	www.micrbiol.sci.kun.nl /tech/malditof.html (315 words)

	Experimental Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Experimental design determines whether a research report is read or ignored, whether a result is accepted or rejected, and whether a scientist is judged superior or inferior.
		The lack of experimentation in paleontology has not prevented the field from providing the age-dating foundations for most of the rest of geology, or from revealing a wealth of climatic and evolutionary information.
		The experimental prototype is a routine step in applied science, where it provides a bridge between theory and routine practical application.
	www.mines.utah.edu /~wmgg/people/faculty/jarrard/Text/sm5.htm (12506 words)

	DR V1.1: OBSERVATIONS FOR TODAY'S OBOIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Today's oboist should have some basic techniques at his disposal that will enable him to successfully cope with the problems involved in performing the vast spectrum of contemporary music.
		The techniques concerned with the breath-embouchure are more crucial and more difficult to acquire, and therefore discussion is concentrated on them.
		In addition to the various vibrato techniques, composers are using microtones.
	idrs.colorado.edu /Publications/DR/DR1.1/observations.html (2562 words)

	Experimental Techniques for Determining Yield and Flow Surfaces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Experimental Techniques for Determining Yield and Flow Surfaces
		Since the key to many of these theories is experimental validation, the objective of this work (refs.
		1 and 2) at the NASA Lewis Research Center was to verify that current laboratory techniques and equipment are sufficient to determine flow surfaces at elevated temperatures.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1997/5000/5920lerch.htm (460 words)

	Experimental Design (Industrial DOE)
		Experimental methods are widely used in research as well as in industrial settings, however, sometimes for very different purposes.
		While in the former application (in science) analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques are used to uncover the interactive nature of reality, as manifested in higher-order interactions of factors, in industrial settings interaction effects are often regarded as a "nuisance" (they are often of no interest; they only complicate the process of identifying important factors).
		However, in general the technique is, in a sense, a combination of the procedures described in the context of 2(k-p) and 3(k-p) designs.
	www.statsoftinc.com /textbook/stexdes.html (13917 words)

	Experimental Condensed Matter Physics
		Various types of photoelectron spectroscopy techniques (including band-mapping) using synchrotron radiation are used to study the electronic structure of surfaces, nanostructures, and solids.
		We utilize experimental techniques such as cryogenic and high-magnetic field measurements, scanning probe and electron microscopy, and electron-beam lithography.
		I use dilution refrigerator techniques to explore quantum magnets and glasses with connections both to quantum phase transitions and to the encoding of information, metal-insulator transitions with choreographed charge and spin degrees of freedom, new magnetoresistive compounds, vortex creep and tunneling, and exotic superconductivity.
	physics.uchicago.edu /x_cond.html (3030 words)

	Experimental techniques
		Experimental set-up is pumped by a system of turbomolecular and ion pumps.
		experimental system is located at the Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Poland.
		experimental system is located at the Pennsylvania State University, USA.
	users.uj.edu.pl /~ufpostaw/experimental_techniques.htm (244 words)

	NIST - Fluid Science Group - Selected Abstracts (Experimental Techniques)
		After the densimeter was calibrated under vacuum and filled with water, it was used to measure the density of toluene from 298 to 575 K at 13.8 MPa.
		In the present densimeter, an alternating current is passed through the tube containing the sample to force the tube to oscillate in the field of a permanent magnet.
		Inertial and resistive end corrections for the Greenspan acoustic viscometer were computed using a boundary-integral-equation technique for determination of the acoustic field.
	properties.nist.gov /fluidsci/exptech.html (2765 words)

	Research Projects - Experimental Techniques - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A substructured on-line computer-actuator hybrid method is developed in which the advances of computational mechanics and experimental mechanics are combined in order to evaluate accurately and reliably the inelastic earthquake response of structures.
		Restoring forces for the experimental substructures modeling only the critical regions are directly measured from a specimen loaded based on its current deformation state.
		The remaining portions are taken as analytical substructures in which analytical models are used to describe their restoring-force characteristics.
	eqgate.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp /Japanese/experiment.html (140 words)

	Experimental Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In addition, the correlation dimension calculated from an experimental time series helps to confirm the existence of a strange attractor, as well as providing a measure of its fractal structure.
		We mention this distinction because it is possible for an attractor to be strange (a fractal), but not chaotic (exhibit sensitive dependence on initial conditions) [25].
		Experimental methods are available for quantifying both the geometric structure of an attractor (fractal dimensions) and the dynamic properties of orbits on an attractor (Lyapunov exponents).
	www.drchaos.net /drchaos/Book/node82.html (213 words)

	Forum on Education Newsletter, Daniel Reich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For both the student and the advisor, the challenge is to get the student up the learning curve as quickly as possible so that he or she may begin to function as a productive member of the research group.
		This knowledge is usually obtained through work in the laboratory, individual study, and interactions with other members of the group; hence, there is a risk that students may become too narrowly focused on their own work and learn little about how experiments are done outside their own laboratory.
		This course can serve both as a means of passing on information about techniques used locally and as a means of imparting general knowledge about techniques used in a particular field.
	www.research.att.com:9000 /~kbl/APS/aug94/ExpPhys.html (831 words)

	Experimental Films (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The techniques pioneered here are the direct ancestors of the film techniques today seen on MTV, although there is no rock music.
		All they had to do was use these film techniques as accompaniments to rock songs, and the public had no trouble enjoying this style of filmmaking.
		Some experimental photographic techniques are used as well: the tracks with a multi-lensed camera through the theater, and the opening shots of the downtown at night, shot with a process that produces glowing metallic colors.
	members.aol.com /MG4273/exper.htm (9800 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Hydrothermal Experimental Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Intended for researchers at all levels, Hydrothermal Experimental Techniques covers new methods and refinements to existing methods, as well as currently evolving approaches of major promise.
		Among the topics discussed are problems in working with hydrogen at the cutting edge of hydrothermal conditions; the use of rocking autoclaves; fluid-flow systems for kinetic and solubility studies; cold-seal systems; internally heated systems; calorimetry; and use of the megabar diamond-anvil cell.
		The result is a convenient alternative to burdensome international communications by which experimental techniques are often made known.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0471821454 (345 words)

	Powell's Books - Experimental Methods in Polymer Science: Modern Methods in Polymer Research and Technology by Toyoichi ...
		Since the chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, and agricultural industries, as well as many others, depend on this progress to an enormous degree, it is critical to be as efficient, precise, and cost-effective in our empirical understanding of the performance of polymer systems as possible.
		The techniques covered are light scattering, neutron scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mechanical spectroscopy, and polymer hydrogel phase transitions.
		Other techniques are expected to be described by subsequent volumes in the series.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-012683265x-1 (473 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, many experimental techniques-such as statistical tests of significance, double-blind trials, or proper phrasing of questions on surveys-have been designed to minimize the influence of individual bias in research.
		When the experimental techniques became widely known and were replicated, belief in cold fusion quickly faded.
		In such circumstances experimental techniques are often pushed to the limit, the signal is difficult to separate from the noise, unknown sources of error abound, and even the question to be answered is not well defined.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/books/obas/contents/experimental.html (1052 words)

	Gruner Group - EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES AND FACILITIES - UCLA - Physics
		During the past few years, we have developed various techniques to investigate the frequency dependent conductivity and dielectric constant of (mainly) highly conducting materials over a broad frequency range.
		Conventional lock-in techniques are employed to extract both components of the optical conductivity in the audio-frequency range while at radio frequencies, vector impedance meters and home-designed rf bridge configurations are used.
		We have also developed various novel experimental arrangements [1-4] which will enable us to conduct high precision measurements of the optical conductivity of highly conducting solids, and such technique development forms the essential part of our research effort focus.
	www.physics.ucla.edu /GrunerGroup/TECHNIQUES.html (706 words)

	Shen Group Research
		ARPES is an especially powerful technique in determining the microscopic electronic structure of condensed matter systems, because it maps out the occupation density of electrons in momentum space.
		Although our experimental measurements have a simple interpretation within the framework of one-electron band theory, we have been using this technique to study the more complex many-body physics of strongly correlated quantum systems.
		We currently maintain two experimental endstations (5-3 & 5-4) at SSRL and one endstation (10.0.1) at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, near the UC Berkeley campus.
	www.stanford.edu /group/arpes/research.html (430 words)

	Experimental Techniques and Results
		However, since the 1/2% sample has the same slope as the 1% sample, as listed in Table (i), we assume that its full temperature dependence is the same and infer that interactions between impurities have a negligible effect on the Mössbauer affect for concentration of 1% and less.
		We will discuss the deviations from linearity for the isolated impurities in the next section but we did an experimental check to verify that the rapid decrease in intensity was not due to the onset of a broadened line due to, say, bulk diffusion.
		To further test the assumption of only one unbroadened Lorentzian in the Pb 1 at.% Sn data, the background was determined by fitting the shoulders of the spectra, away from the drop, with a straight line and determining the total area below this line by adding all the points.
	depts.washington.edu /uwxafs/papers/moss/node2.html (1631 words)

	Nature of 3D Structural Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A few structures were determined by other methods (see Experimental Technique in SearchFields).
		The empirical results of these experimental methods accurately describe the 3D structure of the molecule in the state in which measurements were made (provided the authors did not misinterpret the data, which happens on rare occasions).
		There are several experimental hurdles which must be crossed before the 3D structure of a macromolecule can be determined by X-ray diffraction from crystals.
	www.rcsb.org /pdb/experimental_methods.html (2018 words)

	Experimental Techniques in Microwave NDE, by Alfred J (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The objective of this talk is to review the experimental techniques used in microwave NDE by discussing them in the context of specific applications.
		Possible applications to be discussed include measurements of layer thicknesses and material parameters, detection and quantification of internal flaws inside dielectric objects, detection and quantification of surface flaws on conductors, temperature mapping, moisture gauging, and imaging inside material media.
		Wang and J. Borrego, "Experimental Requirements for the Measurement of Excess Carrier Lifetime in Semiconductors Using Microwave Techniques," IEEE Trans.
	www.cnde.iastate.edu /QNDEDatabase/Vol.14A/p0593-0600.html (375 words)

	Biochemistry Experimental Techniques Syllabus
		This course is an introduction to the theory and practice of modern experimental biochemical laboratory techniques and concepts intended for students in chemistry, biochemistry, clinical chemistry, biology, biotechnology, and pre-professional (premedical, predental, prevet, etc...) programs.
		The first five weeks of the lab are already pretty well established, but the last five weeks will include some new instruments and experimental designs that I have not used before, so it will be an adventure.
		We will learn a few basic techniques (measurement of protein concentration, determination of enzyme activity, sterile technique), then apply these techniques throughout the quarter.
	www.rit.edu /~pac8612/Biochemistry/505(705)/syllabus.html (1994 words)

	Experimental Techniques
		Neutron Powder Diffraction Experiments are carried out by the group at the ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratories near Didcot (Oxfordshire) and at the ILL in Grenoble (France).
		For probing individual crystallites on a smaller length scale than is achieveable with either X-ray or neutron powder diffraction (both of which are techniques which study the bulk material) electron microscopy is an extremely powerful technique.
		Both electron diffraction (where a diffraction pattern is collected from what is effectively a tiny single crystal) and high resolution lattice imaging (where it is possible to "see" individual columns of atoms) play a key role in structure determination.
	www.chem.ox.ac.uk /icl/pdbattle/exp_tech.htm (401 words)

	Experimental Techniques
		WARNING: These techniques are STRICTLY experimental, and as of yet the outcomes are unknown.
		These techniques are only for those who have mastered all the sections of Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced.
		When you feel your arm is full of energy, you quickly transfer the energy from your less dominant hand, into your dominant hand, not stopping to hold it in your dominant hand, just quickly sending it out of your hand, straight at your opponent.
	www.geocities.com /thekiwarrior87/experimental.html (908 words)

	THE BRINELL CENTRE GRADUATE SCHOOL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Aim and contents: The aim of this course is to provide the graduate students a basic knowledge of the commonly used experimental methods in thermochemical and thermophysical measurements at high temperatures.
		An introduction to some advanced experimental techniques in this field is also to be given.
		After the study of this course, the students are expected to have an insight into the various experimental techniques, including the principles, available equipments, choosing appropriate methods for various research tasks and tailor-make the experimental setups for the type of studies required.
	www.brinell.kth.se /Kursprogram4/G-EXP.html (204 words)

	Session MG - Experimental Techniques II.
		The oil-film interferometry technique is further developed to measure the direction as well as the magnitude of the wall shear stress in a turbulent boundary layer developing on the test-section ceiling of an S-Shaped duct over the wide range of unit Reynolds numbers of 4 \times 10^5--2.1 \times 10^6.
		The dynamic light scattering technique known as homodyne correlation spectroscopy is sensitive to the probability density function of velocity differences in a particle-laden turbulent flow.
		We have used the technique to measure transverse velocity fluctuations from grid-generated turbulence in a 20 cm diameter wind tunnel at wind speeds from 2 m/s - 100 m/s.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR00/DFD00/abs/S1770.html (1591 words)

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