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Topic: Explicit knowledge

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	How blogs and wikis can help knowledge management \| Forum \| E-consultancy.com
		Explicit knowledge is the formally-expressed knowledge that’s found in books, manuals, data and formulae and the like; while tacit knowledge is the highly-personal “what we know” - insights and intuitions.
		Much of the knowledge that we have about how the great cathedrals were built has had to be painstakingly recreated by historians and archaeologists because their builders didn’t leave any written records of what they did and why.
		Their knowledge was tacit, and because it was never externalised - or transformed into explicit knowledge - ultimately it died with the craftsmen that it belonged to.
	www.e-consultancy.com /forum/101322-how-blogs-and-wikis-can-help-knowledge-management.html (1266 words)

	What is knowledge management? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		By the mid-1980s, the importance of knowledge (and its expression in professional competence) as a competitive asset was apparent, even though classical economic theory ignores (the value of) knowledge as an asset and most organizations still lack strategies and methods for managing it.
		The number of knowledge management conferences and seminars is growing as organizations focus on managing and leveraging explicit and tacit knowledge resources to achieve competitive advantage.
		Knowledge management has an important management component, but it is not an activity or discipline that belongs exclusively to managers.
	www.media-access.com /whatis.html (3488 words)

	[No title]
		Tacit knowledge is not available as a text and may conveniently be regarded as residing in the heads of those working in a particular organisational context.
		A wholly explicit knowledge is unthinkable ' according to Polanyi (1966).
		Platts and Yeung (2000) considers tacit knowledge as "knowledge-in-action" which presumes that this is knowledge that has not be articulated as opposed to explicit knowledge that is readily accessible within the organisational domain.
	www.orsoc.org.uk /about/topic/projects/kmwebfiles/explicit_and_tacit.htm (797 words)

	Dick Stenmark - Explicit Knowledge: there is no such thing (KM page 7)
		Explicit knowledge can further be object based, i.e., found as patents, software code, databases, technical drawings and blueprints, chemical and mathematical formulas, business plans, and statistical reports, or rule based, i.e., expressed as rules, routines, and procedures.
		Although some argue that "knowledge" may be embedded in a text (e.g., a balance sheet where columns and totals have predefined meanings), the reader cannot appreciate it without bringing the required personal knowledge.
		Knowledge is understood as the tacit part of our traditions and experiences while information is the small part we are able to articulate.
	www.viktoria.se /~dixi/km/chap7.htm (1028 words)

	The duality of knowledge
		However, the tacit knowledge is not articulated and shared; the learner actually develops their own tacit knowledge by becoming immersed in the practice itself, under the guidance of a mentor and whilst situated in a particular environment.
		In an earlier paper, we adopted the terms 'hard knowledge' and 'soft knowledge' (Hildreth et al, 1999) as working terms to describe the different kinds of knowledge that were being explored in the KM field.
		Nonaka contends that tacit knowledge is hard to formalize and therefore difficult to communicate: it is (in Polanyi's terms) knowledge that is not at the forefront of consciousness.
	informationr.net /ir/8-1/paper142.html (7198 words)

	Knowledge Management and Information Technologies
		This knowledge management architecture is illustrated with examples of two companies that are successfully competing based on their ability to manage their explicit knowledge.
		It represents the one-way distribution of explicit knowledge to a user community that may be loosely affiliated, related only by their need for access to the same knowledge repository, but not necessarily supported by a social community.
		For knowledge repositories to be meaningful, their structure must reflect the structure of shared mental models or contextual knowledge tacitly held by the organization.
	web.cba.neu.edu /~mzack/articles/kmarch/kmarch.htm (7302 words)

	Knowledge management technology
		Explicit knowledge is represented by some artifact, such as a document or a video, which has typically been created with the goal of communicating with another person.
		Although the exchange is superficially one of purely explicit knowledge, the expert must first make a judgment as to the nature of the problem and then as to the most likely solution, both of which bring his or her tacit knowledge into play.
		Although early generations of knowledge management solutions (solutions typically integrate several technologies) focused on explicit knowledge in the form of documents and databases, there is a trend to expand the scope of the solutions somewhat to integrate technologies that can, to some extent, foster the use of tacit knowledge.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/404/marwick.html (8398 words)

	The Knowledge in Knowledge Management (KM)
		Davenport and Prusak distinguish among data, information and knowledge, their working definition of knowledge incorporates information, accommodates the notion that knowledge is a state of being and, at the same time, accommodates the view that knowledge exists apart from the knowers.
		Explicit knowledge, as the first word in the term implies, is knowledge that has been articulated and, more often than not, captured in the form of text, tables, diagrams, product specifications and so on.
		An example of explicit knowledge with which we are all familiar is the formula for finding the area of a rectangle (i.e., length times width).
	home.att.net /~nickols/Knowledge_in_KM.htm (2969 words)

	The Performance Support Bridge to Knowledge Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This memory is often inadequately captured as explicit knowledge, and it ignores undocumented tacit knowledge.
		The users' knowledge of operating the system and handling the data are the critical keys to performance and often are poorly documented.
		Relying on explicit knowledge limits the progress that can be made with the EPSS, both in terms of effective process support and in bridging to KM.
	www.learningcircuits.org /2000/mar2000/Elsenheimer.htm (2010 words)

	Knowledge Management (David Skyrme Associates)
		With available knowledge widely dispersed and fragmented, organizations often waste valuable time and resources in 'reinventing the wheel' or failing to access the highest quality knowledge and expertise that is available.
		Knowledge management is the explicit and systematic management of vital knowledge and its associated processes of creating, gathering, organizing, diffusion, use and exploitation.
		Usually, the knowledge agenda develops through a process of evaluation from pilot projects that are used to build capabilities and derive learning for subsequent applications.
	www.skyrme.com /insights/22km.htm (1414 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - tacit knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		An example of this kind of tacit knowledge is that objects are rigid, a bit of knowledge few people ever bother to formulate, but which is evidenced in such basic everyday actions as sitting in a chair.
		While the kinds of tacit knowledge underlying skills or expert performances on the one hand, and cognitive competences like knowledge of language on the other, appear to be domain-specific, this third type of tacit knowledge would appear to be more generally applicable.
		We might say then that these kinds of tacit knowledge are tacit to the extent that they are initially inaccessible to the person to whom they are attributed, but that given the proper conditions, this inaccessibility can be converted to the kind of accessibility enjoyed by our ordinary knowledge.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/tacitknowledge.html (1282 words)

	Explicit Knowledge or Information? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In this case, the explicit knowledge becomes information for whom are interested in.
		You put your best knowledge in a paper and it could be considered as information input for your expected audience.
		Despite other responses where it seems to be a distinction between Explicit Knowledge and Information, I would say that this general question can be either seen on both sides.
	www.knowledgeboard.com /cgi-bin/forum.cgi?comment=525 (540 words)

	Explicit knowledge
		Those attempts are doomed to failure because an agent's explicit knowledge at a time is simply not closed under logical laws and therefore cannot be described by any nontrivial logic.
		Forcing regularities upon an agent's explicit knowledge to make reasoning about it possible is not the proper way to cope with the difficulties.
		The idea is to consider the evolution of one's knowledge over time: at one moment an agent may or may not know (explicitly) a certain consequence of his knowledge; however, he can perform some reasoning steps to know it at some moment in the future.
	stinfwww.informatik.uni-leipzig.de /~duc/Thesis/node23.html (287 words)

	Knowledge
		Tacit knowledge is hard to articulate with formal language (hard, but not impossible).
		Before tacit knowledge can be communicated, it must be converted into words, models, or numbers that can be understand.
		Artifacts derived from knowledge creation are facts, concepts, processes, procedures, and principles.
	www.nwlink.com /~donclark/knowledge/knowledge.html (723 words)

	SAIC: Knowledge Management: SAIC Integrated View Of Knowledge
		Your ability to effectively integrate both the explicit and tacit knowledge within your organization so that it is relevant, accessible, and immediately useable to solve problems, make decisions, and improve performance is critical for you to effectively deal with and, in fact, stay ahead of the rate of change.
		The individual should value the process and knowledge sharing should become part of the "way you do business." This means that sharing and reusing relevant knowledge must be woven into your daily business processes and operations so that real value is provided in your day-to-day activities.
		When knowledge is captured within the context of your business or operational process, you will find it more meaningful and easier to integrate.
	www.saic.com /km/knowledge.html (434 words)

	BBSPrints Archive: A Theory of Implicit and Explicit Knowledge
		Dienes, Zoltan and Perner, Josef (1999) A Theory of Implicit and Explicit Knowledge.
		Knowledge is taken to be an attitude towards a proposition which is true.
		The clearest case of explicit knowledge of a fact are reflective representations of one's own attitude of knowing that fact.
	www.bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/04/57/index.html (396 words)

	Knowledge-at-work: Arranging ideas
		John More has been exploring the attributes of explicit knowledge and pointing to the large reserves of tacit and implicit knowledge that underlies much of what we know.
		Sorry, but if knowledge doesn't add to the valuation of the company at the point the company is purchased, then there is no knowledge in the enterprise.
		Knowledge management affects the accounting system of the for profit enterprise, otherwise it is pointless.
	denham.typepad.com /km/2004/07/arranging_ideas.html (850 words)

	Explicit knowledge and reasoning actions
		In the context of explicit knowledge it must mean something different.
		Gaining knowledge of other, less obvious theorems is even harder: agents usually need to perform more complex computations in order to establish a theorem.
		In general, a formula in which a knowledge operator occurs essentially negative (i.e., within the scope of an odd number of the negation sign) is not a suitable candidate for a persistent one.
	stinfwww.informatik.uni-leipzig.de /~duc/Thesis/node25.html (873 words)

	The ABCs of Knowledge Management - Knowledge Management Research Center - CIO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As a general rule of thumb, explicit knowledge consists of anything that can be documented, archived and codified, often with the help of IT.
		In an environment where an individual's knowledge is valued and rewarded, establishing a culture that recognizes tacit knowledge and encourages employees to share it is critical.
		The need to sell the KM concept to employees shouldn't be underestimated; after all, in many cases employees are being asked to surrender their knowledge and experience — the very traits that make them valuable as individuals.
	www.cio.com /research/knowledge/edit/kmabcs.html (1506 words)

	Knowledge Management - Explicit Knowledge
		"Explicit knowledge is increasingly being emphasised in both practice and...
		A wholly explicit knowledge is unthinkable ' according to Polanyi (1966).
		Is this the same explicit knowledge process in a different dimension of the...
	www.bpsa.org.uk /explicit-knowledge.html (211 words)

	Knowledge Creation - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Knowledge can be divided in both tacit knowledge, which involves senses, skills and intuition, and explicit knowledge, which is formulated and/or captured.
		Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation.
		Knowledge Emergence: Social, Technical, and Evolutionary Dimensions of Knowledge Creation
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /knowledge_creation.htm (198 words)

	Core Knowledge K-8 Schools
		Making the commitment to be a Core Knowledge school is a very important decision that involves a great deal of discussion among the school staff, parents, and others involved with the operations of the school.
		We want to assist you and make sure that you have accurate and updated information about Core Knowledge since we are constantly updating and improving the services that we provide to schools.
		Please note: Core Knowledge® is a registered trademark that can no longer be used as part of a school's name.
	www.coreknowledge.org /CK/schools (427 words)

	Citations: From implicit skills to explicit knowledge: a bottom-up model of skill learning - Sun, Merrill, Peterson ...
		] Nevertheless, a priori knowledge can still be easily given to the system in the form of rules and if these are useful they will actually be assimilated into procedural knowledge by the system [ Sun et al.
		From implicit skills to explicit knowledge: a bottom-up model of skill learning.
		Along with collective evolution, the notion of cognitive emergence may reconcile the afore mentioned di erence between individual intention and collective social function of human action.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/1174645/270043 (829 words)

	Explicit Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Complex tasks that we usually think of as requiring intelligence tend to use explicit knowledge representations.
		A tabular database of salary data would be one example of explicit knowledge.
		Particularly useful are explicit representations that can be interpreted as making declarative statements.
	www.cs.fsu.edu /~mcduffie/SouthAfricaAITalk/tsld008.htm (42 words)

	Inferring Explicit Knowledge
		The result of acquiring explicit knowledge can be attained with different techniques, which share the generality and the robustness features that we expect from the implementation of the EE model.
		Furthermore, the scientific theories have the additional appealing feature of been obtained by a system which mimics the logic of the scientific discovery as described by philosophy of science, [16].
		Symbolic knowledge such as the one present in scientific theories can be represented by means of logical expressions or - equivalently - by computer programs.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/5235/node8.html (527 words)

	Concept mapping: an effective way to organize information
		Explicit knowledge representation encourages creativity and helps integrate generated ideas and viewpoints in the previous concept.
		The final concept map is normally a comprehensive structure containing a number of principal and subordinate concepts with explicit links showing in which way the concepts are related to each other.
		Properly organized information helps easily understand and evaluate the existing knowledge and opens the way for effective planning and research.
	www.mind-pad.com /solutions/using-concept-mapping.htm (562 words)

	PALETTE Pedagogically sustained Adaptive Learning through the Exploitation of Tacit and Explicit Knowledge - WP3 - ...
		More specifically, considering the activities of a participant, the knowledge acquired and shared can consist not only of the knowledge on the domain contained in the resources, but also of more tacit knowledge such as lessons learnt from past individual or collective experiments in the community, and knowledge created through cooperation between the participants.
		The operational objective of WP3 is the development of the needed ontologies and of the CoP-oriented KM tool offering basic CoP-oriented KM services such as knowledge creation and enrichment, knowledge retrieval or dissemination, knowledge presentation and visualization, knowledge administration.
		In addition to such fundamental services described hereunder, it is foreseen that, once these have been developed and validated, the further development of a set of other possible services will be discussed and decided in the framework of WP1 activities.
	palette.ercim.org /content/blogcategory/28/62 (658 words)

	What is News At BRINT Institute
		Management and Measurement of National Knowledge Assets of Nations was the focus of Dr. Malhotra's invited keynote presentation delivered at the United Nations Headquarters in the New York City on September 4, 2003.
		Knowledge management activities are all over the map: Building databases, measuring intellectual capital, establishing corporate libraries, building intranets, sharing best practices, installing groupware, leading training programs, leading cultural change, fostering collaboration, creating virtual organizations -- all of these are knowledge management, and every functional and staff leader can lay claim to it.
		In the ISWorld Knowledge Management Survey conducted by Dr. Scott P. Overmyer of Drexel University the top five most mentioned contributors to Knowledge Management were: Tom Davenport of Boston University, Ikujiro Nonaka, Larry Prusak of IBM, Yogesh Malhotra of BRINT Institute, and, Michael Zack of Northeastern University.
	www.brint.com /new2.htm (8136 words)

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