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Topic: Explicit memory

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	Declarative memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is contrasted with procedural memory, which applies to skills.
		Declarative memories are best established by using active recall combined with mnemonic techniques and spaced repetition.
		Physically speaking, declarative memory requires the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus and related areas of the cerebral cortex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declarative_memory (215 words)

	A New Theoretical Framework For Explicit and Implicit Memory
		In other words, ISIM and explicit memory differ in that the former is unaware memory whereas the latter is aware memory, but both are mediated by the same two kinds of mechanism (fluency and attribution) that operate on largely common kinds of memory representation.
		Explicit memory and ISIM tap semantic, perceptual and episodic information which is likely to be represented primarily in the neocortex so the synaptic changes should increase the degree to which the neurons representing the separate informational components of the memory are interconnected.
		Memory for different kinds of information may be dealt with by partially distinct brain structures that mediate encoding, storage and retrieval processes that are algorithmically identical (which is more likely if the regions have similar cytoarchitectonics as applies, for example, with different neocortical regions).
	psyche.cs.monash.edu.au /v3/psyche-3-02-mayes.html (20805 words)

	Haberlandt 1999: Chapter 5: Memory for skills
		Memories for skill are implicit, and could be observed only in terms of improved performance after prior exposure.
		Implicit memory is in essence unconscious, unlike explicit memory which involves conscious and deliberate recollection of knowledge.
		Various studies have demonstrated a dissociation between implicit and explicit memory, and most of those studies have focused on priming, and perception and performance enhancement resulting from prior experience with a task.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /~jimmyd/summaries/haberlandt1999a.html (922 words)

	Explicit memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Explicit memory consists of information stored and retrieved explicitly from the external world.
		This information is about a specific event that has occurred at a specific time and place.
		Associations are done with previously related stimuli or experiences in the formation, storage and subsequent retrieval of these memories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Explicit_memory (97 words)

	Psychological Science : Chapter 7: Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Researchers agree that memory is served by multiple systems; some psychologists focus on memory content as the basis for defining the different systems and others focus on the process of memory storage as the way to differentiate among systems.
		Explicit memory involves the effortful storage and retrieval of declarative information and takes two forms: episodic memory, which is our memories of our personal experiences, and semantic memory, which is our memories of facts and information.
		This enhancement of memory appears to be related to the release of glucose that accompanies the increase in epinephrine levels and the associated increase in arousal.
	www.wwnorton.com /psychsci/ch7_overview.htm (1122 words)

	The Death of Implicit Memory
		Implicit memory phenomena are distinct from explicit memory phenomena at a neural and information processing level, but there is such variety among the implicit memory phenomena that nothing holds them together in a common category.
		Explicit memory tasks make reference to the initial encoding episode, and are associated with subjective awareness of engaging in recall.
		Memories that are always associated with consciousness are those that rely on the integrity of the medial temporal lobe and diencephalon.
	psyche.cs.monash.edu.au /v2/psyche-2-15-willingham.html (5705 words)

	Universität des Saarlandes - Kognitive Gedächtnispsychologie
		Implicit memory for color in object recognition: After we had observed that the probability of color encoding is maximized with multiple-colored objects, we used these objects in an implicit memory test.
		Explicit memory was influenced by color changes although color was neither intentionally encoded nor relevant for episodic recognition.
		Obviously, these indirect memory effects in the implicit task are based on the same memory traces that are used in the explicit memory task.
	www.uni-saarland.de /fak5/excops/transfer/index.php?content=farbe (804 words)

	Implicit and Explicit Memory
		Explicit memory is specific, verbalizable memory, such as what you had for breakfast and what you have learned in your psychology course.
		Implicit memory is inferred when performance on the test is improved by exposure to the information during the study, even though the individual has no conscious recollection of encountering the information.
		found one pattern for explicit memory, that is for words that were correctly recognized, another for new words that were not presented during the study phase, and a third pattern for words that participants did not recognize from the study phase.
	web.psych.ualberta.ca /~varn/bc/rugg.htm (1418 words)

	Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
		Implicit memory occurs when intraoperative events or stimuli, presented to patients during general anesthesia, may be remembered subconsciously but the connection to the event cannot be remembered.
		Explicit memory is the ability of the patient to remember, with or without prompting, events that occurred during general anesthesia.
		Memory testing was conducted postoperatively with a computer to generate a simultaneous auditory and visual presentation of each cue as appropriate to assess implicit and explicit memory.
	www.scahq.org /sca3/newsletters/aug_lit3.shtml (564 words)

	Explicit and Implicit Memory Storage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Explicit memories consist of memories from events that have occurred in the external world.
		Therefore, explicit memories can be remembered and recalled, and rely on previous experiences and knowledge.
		It is known that explicit memories involve the temporal lobe.
	penta.ufrgs.br /edu/telelab/1/explicit.htm (320 words)

	Clinical Neuropharmacology
		With 25 g of PCh, which supplies 3.75 g of choline, significant improvement in explicit memory as measured by a serial learning task was observed at 90 min postingestion, and slight improvement was observed at 60 min postingestion.
		Further analyses may indicate that this improvement in explicit memory was due to the responses of slow learners, confirming a trend observed by Sitaram et al.
		Important to the argument that cholinergic mechanisms have a specific influence on explicit memory is the fact that scopolamine affects tests of explicit memory but does not affect tests of remote, semantic, and implicit memory (14).
	instruct.westvalley.edu /ladd/pch.html (3385 words)

	Dissociations in Infant Memory - Psi Chi
		Such dissociations in memory performance led researchers to assume that recognition and priming tests tap different underlying memory systems--one that is impaired in amnesia and one that is not.
		The delayed recognition and reactivation tasks used with infants correspond to the recognition and priming tasks, respectively, that are used in studies of implicit and explicit memory with adults.
		Although some might argue that infants' memory dissociations are only dissociations within a single, primitive memory system, it is illogical to use these same dissociations as evidence for two memory systems in adults and for only one memory system in infants.
	www.psichi.org /pubs/articles/article_104.asp (3272 words)

	Memory Research Lab at UCSD \| Larry Squire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shimamura, A.P., and Squire, L.R. Memory and amnesia, pp.
		Squire, L.R. and McKee, R.D. The biology of Memory.
		Squire, L.R. and Zola, S.M. Memory, memory impairment, and the medial temporal lobe.
	whoville.ucsd.edu /1990.htm (3255 words)

	Impaired explicit memory after recovery from propofol/sufentanil anaesthesia is related to changes in the midlatency ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Impaired explicit memory after recovery from propofol/sufentanil anaesthesia is related to changes in the midlatency auditory evoked response -- Rundshagen et al.
		Impaired explicit memory after recovery from propofol/sufentanil anaesthesia is related to changes in the midlatency auditory evoked response
		A measure of consciousness and memory during isoflurane administration: the coherent frequency.
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/3/376 (2705 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for The Development of Implicit and Explicit Memory [AiCR 24]
		Two chapters examine memory tasks used with human infants and evidence of implicit and explicit memory during early infancy.
		Three final chapters consider structural and processing accounts of adult memory dissociations, their applicability to infant memory dissociations, and implications of infant data for current concepts of implicit and explicit memory.
		This review of the basis for considering multiple memory systems in humans, infants or adults, is accomplished with objectivity and is not a mere rehashing of the party line on this issue.
	www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=AiCR%2024 (641 words)

	Special section: Mind/Brain/Memory
		One set of strategies, termed explicit memory, underlies memory for events and the circumstances of their occurrence; it requires conscious participation and involves the hippocampus and the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
		A particularly exciting new direction involves molecular approaches to memory storage in intact animals, using cognitive learning tasks analogous to those developed for human implicit and explicit learning, and parallel explorations of neural processing during these tasks in humans, using brain imaging.
		Despite its importance, the role of parallel processing in implicit and explicit memory functions is poorly understood.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/21stC/issue-1.4/mbmcenter.html (1451 words)

	Memory
		Explicit memory (also known as declarative memory) involves recall of objects, events, etc. outside the animal's body.
		Explicit memory is also acquired in a short-term process followed by a long-term process.
		One possibility is that the stored memory remains unchanged — ready to be recalled again and again as needed (rather like a stored computer file that is copied into RAM as needed).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Memory.html (1332 words)

	Explicit memory: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Explicit memory consists of information information quick summary:
		Information is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction,...
		Memory is a property of the human mind: the ability to retain information....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ex/explicit_memory.htm (203 words)

	Explicit memory management for C and C++ programs
		For many of these C and C++ applications, the memory allocator is a bottleneck that severely limits program performance and scalability.
		Modern C and C++ applications are increasingly object-oriented and spend a significant fraction of their time allocating memory.
		To address the serious scalability problems of general-purpose memory allocation on multiprocessors, we develop Hoard, a fast, highly scalable allocator that largely avoids false sharing and is memory efficient.
	www-ali.cs.umass.edu /DaCapo/memman.html (493 words)

	Implicit versus explicit memory function in children with Down and Williams syndrome
		Vicari S. Abstract - The present study was aimed at evaluating implicit memory processes in participants with Williams syndrome and comparing them to children with Down syndrome and to mental-age matched typically developing children.
		For this purpose, tests of verbal and visuo-perceptual explicit memory, verbal and visual repetition priming as well as procedural learning tasks were administered to 12 participants with Williams syndrome, 14 with Down syndrome and 32 typically developing children.
		In contrast, regarding explicit memory, typically developing children performed better than individuals with Down syndrome.
	www.down-syndrome.net /library/periodicals/dsrp/07/1/035 (245 words)

	Sleep enhances explicit recollection in recognition memory -- Drosopoulos et al. 12 (1): 44 -- Learning & Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		of estimates of explicit and implicit memory in recognition tasks.
		memory, was sampled before and after the retention intervals.
		Plihal, W. and Born, J. Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/12/1/44 (5411 words)

	Princeton Computational Memory Lab: Publications
		These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.
		Norman, K. A., and Schacter, D. False recognition in younger and older adults: Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories.
		Norman, K. A., and Schacter, D. Implicit memory, explicit memory, and false recollection: A cognitive neuroscience perspective.
	compmem.princeton.edu /publications.html (1232 words)

	Seminar: Cognition
		Indefiniteness of Content: The contents of our memories, beliefs, desires, values, emotions, and attitudes are often indefinite, protean, and partially constructed in a given context in ways that depend heavily on that context (e.g., current expectations, priming, framing effects, emotional state, mood).
		There is growing evidence that memories, beliefs, desires and other cognitive states are often "constructed" on the spot and that the forms these constructions take depend on features of the contexts in which they occur.
		But the drive for explanation and understanding is so strong that it can lead us to see patterns and reasons even where they don't exist and to construct explanations even when we don't have enough evidence or computational resources to warrant it.
	www.ou.edu /ouphil/faculty/chris/seminar99.html (2669 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - explicit memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - explicit memory
		Please update any links and go there for the latest version.
		explicit memory - Those memories which a subject is able to cite as being a memory of a particular event.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/explicitmem.html (47 words)

	explicit memory from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		those memories which a subject is able to cite as being a memory of a particular event.
		Chris Eliasmith - [Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind] Homepage
		Nearby terms: expert system « explanandum « explanation « explicit memory » exponential » exponential-time » exponential-time algorithm
	www.swif.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?explicit+memory (47 words)

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