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Topic: Exploitation

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Labour theory of value

Capitalism

Underclass

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Political economy

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Power (sociology)

Relations of production

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Moral purchasing

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Sweatshop

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	Exploitation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This corresponds to one ethical conception of exploitation, that is, the treatment of human beings as mere means to an end — or as mere "objects".
		The focus of most assertions about the existence of exploitation is the socio-economic phenomenon where people trade their labor or allegiance to a powerful entity, such as the state, a corporation or any other private company.
		While other theories emphasize the exploitation of one individual by an organization (or vice versa), the Marxist theory is primarily concerned with the exploitation of an entire segment or class of society by another.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation (1668 words)

	Exploitation film - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Exploitation films, exploitative films or trash cinema is the name given to a genre of films, extant since the earliest days of moviemaking, but popularized in the 1970s.
		A particularly important type of exploitation film of this era was the "sex hygiene" exploitation film, a remnant from the social or mental hygiene movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		Sex exploitation, "sexploitation", or chick exploitation "chixploitation" films, are similar to softcore pornography, in that the film serves largely as a vehicle for showing scenes involving nude or semi-nude women.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exploitation_film (1399 words)

	20th WCP: Two Marxist Objections to Exploitation
		The term "exploitation" would not be warranted and the social relations involved would have to be characterized in terms of a struggle between two groups, one attempting to gain from the other and the other trying to resist.
		A normative theory of exploitation grounded in a positive social theory remains a desirable goal and would be a corrective to the currently dominate liberal theories of justice that largely ignore exploitation.
		Exploitation is objectionable not because of the distributive outcomes it generates or is based upon, but because it involves social relations in which agents view the needs of others as levers manipulated for their own private advantage.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Soci/SociWarr.htm (2639 words)

	Exploitation
		The president of Stanford University claimed that big-time college athletics “reeks of exploitation,” because the universities gain a great deal of revenue from the services of the athletes while the athletes (whose graduation rate is much lower than that of non-athletes) gain little from their college experience.
		For present purposes, an exploitation claim refers to statements that A's interaction with B is (or is not) wrongfully exploitative or to statements that presuppose such a claim.
		Susan Okin makes an exploitation claim when she says that our family system constitutes “the pivot of a societal system of gender that renders women vulnerable to dependency, exploitation, and abuse,” for we must know what exploitation involves to determine whether this claim is true.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/exploitation (6569 words)

	Exploitation
		The use of the word 'exploitation' is a common, humanist characterisation of the work for pay system, when it is applied with cruelty, or with compulsion, or on terms that are disagreeable to the employee.
		In neoclassical economics, exploitation is a kind of market failure, a deviation from an ideal vision of capitalism.
		For others, exploitation coexists with perfect markets: given a special position in society (controlling an important asset), an interest group can shift the distribution of income in its direction, impoverishing the rest, even though their role serves no reasonable purpose.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/ex/exploitation.html (823 words)

	Rate of exploitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The "rate of exploitation" is a concept in Marxian political economy.
		It usually refers to the ratio of the total amount of unpaid labor done (surplus-value) to the total amount of wages paid (the value of labor-power).
		The rate of exploitation is also called the rate of surplus-value.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /r/ra/rate_of_exploitation.html (61 words)

	EXPLOITATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Evidence of exploitation may lie in enterprise profits which are greater than normally possible in the industry, but this is not a certain identification of exploitation since "super-normal" profits may be attributable to successful entrepreneurship.
		Exploitation is the deliberate and systematic effort on the part of one party to take advantage of other parties by charging excessive prices or by paying wages less than values produced at the margin.
		The large number of possible examples of exploitation in the foregoing paragraphs may convey the impression that exploitation is the rule rather than the exception in the modern world.
	facweb.furman.edu /~dstanford/relecon/exploita.htm (4292 words)

	www.BlackCrayon.com: Essays: Exploitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He makes clear, across decades of his career, that his aim is the abolition of exploitation, but he does not see the exploitation itself as the injustice -- he sees it as a symptom of the deeper injustice whose root cause is the institutionalized coercion of the State.
		In each case, we come to see that the apparent exploitation -- of the seller, buyer, and borrower, respectively -- are not the fault of their corresponding buyer, seller, or lender, but of the intervening third party who restrictively limits the conditions of contract by coercing one side to the advantage of the other.
		The contemporary leftist would be wise to study the distinctions between root causes and symptoms, and to battle symptomatic exploitation only through the championing and education of its potential victims, through work toward an increase in the diversity of their options, and through strong opposition to the coercive monopolies at the center of the injustice.
	www.blackcrayon.com /essays/exploitation (2397 words)

	BlackCrayon.com: dictionary: 'exploitation' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The exploitation lies in the "conditions of compulsory restriction and limitation under which such contract" is made.
		Individualist Anarchism sees the exploitation of certain groups or classes as the visible symptom of a deeper problem whose root cause is coercive monopoly.
		This usage we derive from Marx's theory of the exploitation of labor.
	www.blackcrayon.com /library/dictionary?term=exploitation (288 words)

	[No title]
		Another set of laws concerns mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse and exploitation to law enforcement and child protection agencies by teachers, health care professionals, and others who are in a position to identify potential victims.
		The federal law explicitly includes "sexual exploitation" among the types of offenses to be reported; sexual exploitation is further defined to include child pornography or child prostitution.
		There are a number of strategic and tactical reasons to consider pursuing a child sexual exploitation case in federal court in addition to, or in lieu of, state prosecution.
	www.ncjrs.org /txtfiles/exploit.txt (14282 words)

	Bright Lights Film Journal \| British Exploitation Cinema
		I even think of European exploitation, of Jesse Franco, Jose Larraz, and Lina Romay, before I recall the Poverty Row sleaze that was churned out of Wardour Street, London, on a regular basis until the end of the seventies.
		Back in the late fifties, however, the British exploitation film had begun to thrive, boosted by the success of Hammer horror and the snail-paced relaxation of film censorship.
		Like the exploitation films of the 1970s, they are largely dismissed by the critics and (often) the public at large.
	www.brightlightsfilm.com /33/britishexploitation1.html (3600 words)

	Human Rights Watch - Saudi Arabia - Migrant Workers
		Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia
		Interviews with women migrants in the women’s prison in Riyadh indicated that most of them had not been informed of their rights, had no understanding of the legal basis for their arrest or the status of their cases, and had no access to lawyers or other forms of legal assistance.
		One of the most tragic aspects of the situation is that many migrants silently accept the exploitation and deprivation of their rights because they view themselves as powerless and without effective remedy.
	hrw.org /mideast/saudi/labor (2486 words)

	Coronation of Corruption
		From ancient times the priest classes deemed themselves conduits of the gods, proclaiming themselves direct manifestations of unseen deities, exploiting the ignorance and primitiveness of the masses who were made to cater to high priests and their families, thereby enriching, empowering and forever setting apart this group of corrupters from those now ruled and exploited.
		The pyramid of exploitation, where the elite stand alone at the top while the masses suffocate together at the bottom must be maintained, lest the elite lose power and control.
		The exploitation of the masses functions thanks to the corruption of society, imposed by the implementation of control mechanisms designed to rob the people of power, knowledge, and of the will to fight a system which only acts to betray illusions and charades.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article7761.htm (3157 words)

	Origins Canada - Women's Reproductive Rights and Adoption, Reproductive Exploitation
		Exploitation commonly occurs when a powerless group of individuals possesses something that other, more powerful individuals covet.
		The exploitation of women, specificially, is not a foreign concept to most of us.
		Of course, reproductive exploitation is not limited to women under the age of 18.
	www.originscanada.org /reproductive_exploitation.html (897 words)

	New UNICEF report on sexual exploitation
		Bellamy's comments come as UNICEF releases a new report on the commercial sexual exploitation of children, "Profiting from Abuse." [download a copy of the report]The report details the scope and toll of the problem and includes testimonials from abused and exploited women and children.
		Commercial sexual exploitation of children and trafficking are two elements of the more pervasive problem of sexual abuse.
		Commercial sexual exploitation of children is a clandestine scourge, so accurate statistics are hard to come by.
	www.unicef.org /newsline/01pr97.htm (957 words)

	Exploitation
		While the term was initally coined in the 1950s to describe 1930s and 1940s (the classical era of American exploitation film, see early exploitation), the practice of exploitative fiction is as old as fiction itself.
		Opponents of the sex industry argue that it is exploitative (particularly of young women), that it is morally damaging to society, and that cheapens sex and encourages sexual objectification of women.
		These movies - from 1930s cautionary tales about venereal diseases to 1970s porno chic — were initially shown by itinerant carnival people, later in so-called grindhouse theaters and drive-in theatres — until their death-by-video in the 1980s.
	www.jahsonic.com /Exploitation.html (323 words)

	Ko'aga Roñe'eta: SEXUAL EXPLOITATION: A Form of Slavery?
		In order to understand why or how sexual exploitation can become a form of slavery for the victims, the phenomenon must be analysed fully starting at the beginning with the recruitment or trafficking of the person to the end state of virtual enslavement, sexual or otherwise.
		On the issue of traffic in children, therefore, international standards are not limited to dealing with recruitment to prostitution, but address a range of situations in which children are taken away from their families for some form of exploitation, whether this occurs with or without the agreement of their parent(s) or guardian.
		The extent of the problem of trafficking and sexual exploitation of children led the UN member states to start negotiating the terms of the a draft Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child dealing specifically with the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.
	www.derechos.org /koaga/viii/gallagher.html (6538 words)

	Special Law for Exploration and Exploitation of Hydrocarbons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Negotiate the exploration and exploitation contracts, upon approval of the Presidency of the Republic, as well as negotiate their assignment and extension where pertinent.
		The contractor shall relinquish the whole area of the contract, with the exception of the exploitation areas, at the end of the exploration period, unless it be within the retention period.
		The exploitation period can be extended for a period of up to five years on terms and conditions to be negotiated between the parties.
	www.ine.gob.ni /exploracion/hleyingles.html (6446 words)

	Images - The Golden Age of Exploitation
		This world of exploitation cinema is recreated in a new book by Felicia Feaster and Bret Wood, Forbidden Fruit: The Golden Age of the Exploitation Film (go to book review), and a CD-ROM interactive disc from Night Kitchen Media (go to software review).
		Part of it is exploiting the social topic at hand and another part of it is exploitation in the traditional P.T. Barnum sense of the word where it's almost like selling the sizzle and not the steak, where it's pure promotion and hype--presenting something in the most sensational terms possible.
		Oftentimes it's the exaggerated nature of exploitation films that reminds you of these issues that are just a present today, but the exaggeration allows us to seem them more clearly.
	www.imagesjournal.com /issue08/features/exploitation/default-nf.htm (4845 words)

	Exploitation
		I also discovered through my research that sexual exploitation is not limited to sexual contact.
		Exploitation of Patients: Themes in the Psychopathology of Their Therapists, Stuart W. Twemlow, American Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol.
		The Exploitation Index: An Early Warning Indicator of Boundary Violations in Psychotherapy, R.S. Epstein, Robert I. Simon, Bulletin of Menninger Clinic, Vol.
	www.advocateweb.org /hope/bibliographykc/exploitation.asp (1355 words)

	UNICEF - Child protection - Trafficking and sexual exploitation
		A sex worker sits with her son and daughter on a bare mattress in their home in a poor section of a major city in Colombia.
		There is a demand for trafficked children as cheap labour or for sexual exploitation.
		Children and their families are often unaware of the dangers of trafficking, believing that better employment and lives lie in other countries.
	www.unicef.org /protection/index_exploitation.html (453 words)

	Exploitation Encyclopedia Article, Description, History and Biography @ ArtisticNudity.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Find exploitation - Your relevant result is a click away!
		For instance, Nike and The Gap, are alleged to use child labor and sweatshops in order to manufacture their products cheaply in developing nations, paying their workers wages far lower than those that prevail in developed nations (where the products are sold).
		This viewpoint also argues that if a company intends to sell its products in the first world, it should pay its workers by first world standards.
	www.artisticnudity.com /encyclopedia/Exploitation (1694 words)

	Capitalism and Exploitation- Isn't capitalism a system of exploitation as the Marxists say?
		Capitalism is not a system of exploitation, but is the system of laissez faire -- freedom.
		A moments reflection will point out that laborers are only responsible for their job description -- they are not directly responsible for the losses of a business -- and that the cause of an enterprise's losses lies essentially with the owner, as do the profits.
		That a businessmen pays a worker less wages than the worker feels he deserves is not exploitation, as the worker is free to leave his job and look elsewhere for a higher paying one, if he thinks that someone can give him a better job for a better wage.
	www.capitalism.org /faq/exploitation.htm (462 words)

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