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Topic: Explosive decompression

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	Explosive decompression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Explosive decompression ( ED) refers to a sudden marked drop in the pressure of a system that occurs in less than 0.1 seconds, associated with explosive violence.
		Seals in high pressure vessels are also susceptible to explosive decompression; the rubber gaskets used to seal pressurised pipelines tend to become saturated with high-pressure gases.
		Well known examples of explosive decompression are the Byford Dolphin diving bell accident and the Turkish Airlines Flight 981 disaster.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Explosive_decompression (274 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: United States Naval Flight Surgeon Manual: Third Edition 1991: Chapter 1: Rapid Decompression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Upon decompression, the rapid rush of air from a pressurized cabin causes the velocity of airflow through the cabin to increase rapidly as the air approaches the hole.
		Decompression of a pressurized cabin is unlikely to cause symptoms in the middle ear and paranasal sinuses.
		The reduced tolerance to hypoxia after decompression is due to (1) a reversal in the direction of oxygen flow in the lung; (2) diminished respiratory activity at the time of decompression; (3) decreased cardiac activity at the time of decompression.
	www.vnh.org /FSManual/01/07RapidDecompress.html (985 words)

	Explosive Decompression and Vacuum Exposure
		It was not explosive decompression, just a little 1/8 inch hole, but it was exciting down here in the swamp because it was the first injury we've ever head from a suit incident.
		This event is generally known as "explosive decompression," and apart from the simple effect of vacuum on the body, the explosive decompression event itself will be hazardous.
		As noted, explosive decompression will be particularly bad if the decompression subject attempts to hold his or her breath during decompression.
	puna.net.nz /archives/Encyclopedia/vacuum.html (3040 words)

	Seal design ends explosive decompression: News from Economos UK
		Explosive decompression in seals used to be one of the industry's major problems, causing many seals to suddenly fail and result in spillages.
		Explosive decompression usually occurred because of factors like the seal being badly fitted, wear and tear, or because its polymer material was of poor quality.
		Explosive decompression still remains a possible cause of seal failure today if the seal material is made of an unsuitable or poor quality material.
	www.engineeringtalk.com /news/ecn/ecn116.html (1106 words)

	The Straight Dope: If you were thrown into the vacuum of space with no space suit, would you explode? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There is such a thing as "explosive decompression," but that merely refers to the sudden loss of pressure in an air- or spacecraft, not the effect on the occupants.
		That said, there are circumstances involving explosive decompression in which your body might be torn to bits.
		One of your recent columns dealt with the issue of explosive decompression.
	www.straightdope.com /classics/a3_147.html (972 words)

	Aloha Flight 243 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On April 28, 1988, the aircraft suffered extensive damage after an explosive decompression inflight, but was able to land safely at Kahului Airport on Maui.
		The resulting explosive decompression tore off a very large section of the roof, consisting of the entire top half of the aircraft skin extending from just behind the cockpit to the fore-wing area.
		Flight attendant Michelle Honda, who was standing near rows 15 and 16, was thrown violently to the floor during the decompression.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aloha_Flight_243 (588 words)

	MMS Safety Alert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Following an investigation, the operator reports the failure mechanism to be explosive decompression (ED) of High Flourine and Flourocarbon (commonly referred to as "Viton family") elastomer o-ring seals.
		Explosive decompression is a process in which gases that have been trapped within the given material are rapidly expanded, causing seals to blister, crack, and fail.
		The operator concluded that some FKM elastomers are not resistant to explosive decompression at certain operating pressures.
	www.ocsbbs.com /OCSBBS/public/Safety_Alerts/SA_201.html (416 words)

	The Death of Air India Flight 182 - By Salim Jiwa
		Explosive decompression meaning rapid and sudden loss of pressure within the cabin.
		They found some of the curling of the skin was indicative of a shock-wave effect, that the large number of fragments of non-brittle aluminum was indicative of explosive forces and that the punctures and outward petalling of the metal were all also indicative of an explosion.
		The door failing as an initial event would cause an explosive decompression leading to downward forces on the cabin floor as a result of the differences in pressure between the upper and lower portions of the aircraft.
	www.flight182.com /part215.htm (2840 words)

	When Humans Fly High: What Pilots Should Know About High-Altitude Physiology, Hypoxia, and Rapid Decompression
		An explosive decompression in an aircraft with the resultant rapid climb of the cabin altitude can reduce the time of useful consciousness to one-third to one-half of that normally expected.
		Explosive decompression and emergency descent drills are practiced at least once a year by all jet pilots during recurrent training and I am often amazed at the casual attitude shown towards these emergency situations.
		Any decompression that takes place in less than one-half second is considered to be an explosive decompression.
	www.avweb.com /news/aeromed/181893-1.html (8337 words)

	TWA 800- who speaks for the dead? [Free Republic]
		Explosive decompression in nose of TWA 800 would give outward peeled skin in nose, outward rupture hole, and paint transfers as internal high pressure rushes outward to equalize with the low outside pressure.
		The explosive decompression in the cargo compartment would severely disrupt the cargo hold floor and the adjacent main equipment compartment in which the FDR and power cables are located.
		Explosive decompression bursts outward limited by stringers and bulkheads which are vertical and match the other cargo door accident, UAL 811.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b5040d66d71.htm (6041 words)

	P-3C Orion Emergency Procedures
		Explosive decompression causes a fog which should not be confused with smoke.
		If an explosive decompression occurs, the pilot must try to ascertain the cause of the trouble and if it cannot be fixed in flight he should decide immediately whether to continue the mission or to descend to a safe altitude.
		Rapid aircraft decompression may commence as a result of a landing gear scissor switch malfunction and can be recognized by loss of EDC spread and the autopilot (if engaged).
	www.fortunecity.com /marina/invincible/249/emerproc.htm (2931 words)

	kwc blog: MythBusters: Explosive Decompression (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The coolest segment from this episode was the explosive airplane decompression segment.
		The explosive blew out a huge section next to Buster, causing a large roof-section to be torn off as well.
		Explosive decompression is a bit tricky to simulate in that way.
	www.kwc.org /blog/archives/2004/2004-01-18.mythbusters_explosive_decompression.html (942 words)

	Airdisaster.Com Forums - View Single Post - Altitude sickness
		I've you've done a rapid decompression drill, rather than just a slow reduction of pressure in a hyperbaric chamber, you would realize that a sudden decompression at altitude is likely to kill everybody on board.
		An actual decompression will first of all be accompanied by a good deal of noise as the higher pressure air in the cabin rushes out until the cabin pressure, and consequently the cabin altitude, equals the ambient pressure outside the aircraft.
		This is the type decompression experienced in larger-bodied aircraft and is the more common of the two.
	www.airdisaster.com /forums/showpost.php?p=30032&postcount=9 (803 words)

	Airdisaster.Com Forums - types of decompressions?
		A Slow decompression is often caused by loss of one or more of the A/C packs or perhaps a leaking seal.
		At this warning, the pilots should don their Oxygen masks and then deal with the problem which may or may not require an emergency descent depending on the likelihood that they can recover control of the cabin pressurization (the passenger masks will automatically fall at 14000ft on most planes).
		The key to explosive decompresion is that it happens so rapidly that the body cannot expel the air and damage to lungs will likely result.
	www.airdisaster.com /forums/printthread.php?t=73405 (559 words)

	Can We Get Sucked Out of Airplanes? - How explosive decompression works. By Daniel Engber
		The sudden and explosive loss of pressure tore open a portion of the cabinâ”nine passengers were sucked out through the large hole, along with their seats and the floor around them.
		Three factors affect the rate of decompression: The volume of the cabin, the size of the opening, and the difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the plane.
		The sudden pressure change makes an explosive sound; the temperature in the cabin drops to match that of the frigid air outside the plane; and the combination of pressure loss with sudden cold produces a fog of water vapor.
	slate.com /id/2116630 (626 words)

	Airdisaster.Com Forums - Myth Busted
		While there may or may not be an explosive decompression, I have been on Aircraft that have suddenly begun depressurising rapidly from a high diff, and it is extremely unpleasant.
		The loss of a window will, but this will not be explosive (ie nearly instantaneous) and the decompression will be prolonged by the pressurisation system trying to maintain cabin altitude.
		The decompression to 10,000ft was rapid enough to drop the temperature significantly and form instant fog inside the chamber.
	www.airdisaster.com /forums/showthread.php?t=61981 (2165 words)

	Great Moments in Science - Exploding Body in Vacuum
		"Explosive decompression" happens when all the air in a smallish plane is lost in less than one half-second, and is usually accompanied by a loud noise.
		Finally, there is the "subtle decompression" that takes longer than ten seconds, and can be caused by the cabin altitude pressure being set wrongly.
		So maybe the phrase "explosive decompression" is responsible for the mythconception that we explode in a vacuum - but in truth, the term refers to how suddenly the pressure drops, not what happens to the people exposed to that pressure drop.
	www.abc.net.au /science/k2/moments/s1320013.htm (830 words)

	Boeing 747 Bomb/improvised explosive device/explosive decompression.
		Explosive force evidence on wreckage and data recorders can be explained by inadvertent rupture at aft midspan latch of forward cargo door in flight causing explosive decompression blowing out cargo door allowing 300 knot slipstream to tear nose off leading to total destruction.
		UAL Flight 811: Flight engineer heard noise, saw huge hole in nose, told pilot a bomb had gone off, the pilot told the tower a bomb had gone off and he was returning to land, the tower told the military crash crews to prepare for a 747 coming in after a bomb had gone off.
		Explosive force evidence on wreckage and data recorders can be explained by inadvertent rupture at aft midspan latch of forward cargo door in flight.
	www.montereypeninsulaairport.com /improvised.html (970 words)

	EBULLISM AT 1 MILLION FEET
		Expected outcome of a space-equivalent decompression has improved dramatically in the past 40 years, from an a priori assumption of non-survivability to the possibility of survival and rehabilitation.
		Early experiments in the 1800s (1) on laboratory animals revealed the catastrophic consequences of decompression to near-vacuum: hypoxia, decompression sickness (DCS), arterial gas embolism (AGE) and ebullism, a ‘boiling away’ of water vapor from the body, generally considered (at the time) to be almost immediately fatal.
		It was not an explosive decompression, just a little 1/8 inch hole, but it was exciting down here in the swamp because it was the first injury we’ve ever had from a suit incident.
	www.sff.net /people/Geoffrey.Landis/ebullism.html (3104 words)

	Explosive Decompression
		In the phenomena of explosive decompression ("ED"), the gas absorbed by the polymer expands rapidly...
		The episode " Explosive Decompression ", which first aired on Jan 11, was originally scheduled to rerun a...
		A two-inch diameter glass water-driven shock tube was set up in order to determine the feasibility of using such a device for the study of the explosive decompression of liquids, and to make exploratory observations of the phenomena involved in...
	www.scuba-network.com /19/explosive-decompression.html (617 words)

	Explosive Decompression Resistant Resistance Ed
		Explosive decompression ( ED) of seals and polymers - rapid gas...
		Explosive decompression ( ED) of seals and polymers - rapid gas decompression...
		Usually, in the course of formulating any explosive decompression resistant seal material, it has been necessary to sacrifice much of the...
	www.scuba-network.com /19/explosive-decompression-resistant-resistance-ed.html (269 words)

	TWA Flight 800: Lineup
		Following the explosive decompression of the cabin, residual smoke was blown backwards from the original hole to the steadily widening cracks as the nose section started to fall away, contaminating additional rows of seats aft of the strike point.
		A source close to the investigation told CNN the residue came from the same explosive detected in laboratory tests on microscopic evidence last week, but was found in a different part of the plane, making it difficult to draw a pattern.
		Several packages of explosives were used to train bomb-sniffing dogs in St. Louis six weeks before the July 17 crash of TWA Flight 800; all the materials were removed after the training session, agents said.
	www.whatreallyhappened.com /RANCHO/CRASH/TWA/CHART/chart.html (2056 words)

	The Truth About Explosive Decompression
		Strapped to a powerful explosive with a lit fuse, she was tossed into a lake.
		Six potentially explosive parcels are sent to addresses in Luton, and four more are found in sorting offices.
		A 26-year-old diver is treated at a decompression chamber after suffering the bends off the coast of north Wales.
	www.stargeek.com /item/187808.html (3621 words)

	FlyerTalk Forums - ALPA proposes explosive decompression in hijack situations
		ALPA is asking all pilots to agree to explosive decompression of cabins in the event of future hijackings.
		Decompression would simply force everyone who hadn't passed out to remain seated with drop-down oxygen masks on.
		This section shall not apply to any person who is under the influence of nitrous oxide or any material containing nitrous oxide pursuant to an administration for the purpose of medical, surgical, or dental care by a person duly licensed to administer such an agent.
	www.flyertalk.com /forum/archive/index.php/t-4879 (1734 words)

	High-temperature elastomers aid oil and gas seals: News from Precision Polymer Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The new elastomers increase Aflas seal temperature resistance from 260C to a peak of 290C, while still retaining the excellent steam and chemical/sour gas resistance that are characteristic of Aflas.
		During recent trials the Aflas A95H explosive decompression grade withstood a two second pressure drop from 750lb/in2 to normal atmospheric pressure.
		The four Aflas grades are A95H (explosive decompression), A85H, A75H and A70H.
	www.engineeringtalk.com /news/prk/prk111.html (366 words)

	Halfbakery: Powerful Bathroom Ventilation
		Flushing and leaving the toilet seat arms the decompression cycle and the occupant has 10 seconds to escape, notified by red strobe lights, alarms and countdown annunciators before the airlock plug door is automatically sealed.
		The room is explosively decompressed, thouroughly re-ventilated and deodorized, then repressurized before the airlock is opened for the next user.
		Not explosive (could be though), but in the halfbakery tradition, I keep visualizing a giant piston in a cylinder situated above the building that is drawn upward by the action of a huge crankshaft to draw all of the air out of the bathroom.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Powerful_20Bathroom_20Ventilation (968 words)

	Explosive Decompression Rate Of Loss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		use the term explosive decompression to describe a rapid decompression...
		An explosive or rapid decompression will cut this time in half due to the startle factor and the accelerated rate at...
		A large explosive decompression, such as a window...
	www.scuba-network.com /19/explosive-decompression-rate-of-loss.html (607 words)

	Magma fragmentation by rapid decompression
		THE processes leading to magma fragmentation and the generation of pyroclastic debris during explosive volcanic eruptions are of fundamental importance in volcanology.
		Samples of magma from the 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens, when rapidly depressurized from initial pressures of up to 12 MPa (and at temperatures in the range 750−825 °C), fragmented to form pyroclastic products that are in many respects similar to those formed in real eruptions.
		Moreover, we observe explosive fragmentation at temperatures well below those normally associated with magmatic processes, suggesting that even relatively cool magma bodies can be very hazardous when subjected to rapid unloading events.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v380/n6570/abs/380146a0.html (289 words)

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