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Topic: Exposed terminal problem

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	Asbestos and Mesothelioma Information: December 2006
		The ministers did not know that the plot of land they built their dream house on was tainted with asbestos.
		A terminal at the famous JFK International Airport has been out of use for years due to its size.
		A Connecticut school custodian is alleging that he was exposed to asbestos for almost 15 years while working in tunnels.
	www.mesothelioma--lawyer.com /asbestos-information/2006-December.html (1114 words)

	Encyclopedia: Exposed terminal problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		See also Hidden terminal problem In computer networking, the hidden node problem occurs when a node is visible from a wireless hub, but not from other nodes communicating with said hub.
		The Hidden Terminal Problem arises when a node transmitting to a neighbor cannot be heard by a neighbor of the transmitting node, rendering Carrier Sensing useless.
		The Exposed Terminal Problem when a transmission from node B to node A prevents a non-interfering transmission from C to D becuase C is prohibited since it heard a CTS from B. There is no solution to this in 802.11
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Exposed-terminal-problem (497 words)

	Exposed terminal problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In wireless networks, the exposed node problem occurs when a node is prevented from sending packets to other nodes due to a neighboring transmitter.
		In order to increase the throughput, the exposed node S2 should be allowed to transmit in a controlled fashion without interfering with the on-going transmission between S1 and R1.
		When a node hears an RTS from a neighboring node, but not the corresponding CTS, that node can deduce that it is an exposed node and is permitted to transmit to other neighboring nodes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exposed_terminal_problem (224 words)

	Re: [manet] Hiden- & exposed terminal problem in MANET
		While the hidden terminal problem may degrade the transmission > > throughput and increase the overall delay (so we need to solve it), the > > exposed terminal problem is actually "beneficial" if it is solved.
		The hidden and exposed terminal problems are situations that can > > be > > > handled, but the handling is likely to introduce some delay.
		The hidden-terminal and exposed terminal problems are MAC layer > > problem, > > > hence they should be solved in the MAC layer.
	www.ietf.org /mail-archive/web/manet/current/msg00959.html (1513 words)

	[No title]
		The first problem was related to exposed nodes, while the second problem they identified is unfair throughput between two TCP flows, consequence of severe collisions due to hidden node.
		Exposed Terminal Problem Exposed nodes are complementary to hidden nodes.
		Hidden and exposed node problem is one of the major challenges in 11s MAC: existence of hidden and exposed node prevents effective scheduling of multi-hop traffic flows in the network.
	www.ieee802.org /11/DocFiles/04/11-04-0968-03-000s-issues-for-mesh-media-access-coordination-component-in-11s.doc (1694 words)

	IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		RTS/CTS (Request to Send / Clear To Send) is the mechanism used by the 802.11 wireless networking protocol to reduce frame collisions introduced by the hidden terminal problem.
		The amount of time any other node should wait before trying to get access to the medium is included in both the RTS and the CTS frame.
		In reality, because the transmission range is usually different from the sensing range, even RTS/CTS can not solve hidden terminal problem completely, but it helps alleviate the problem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/802.11_RTS/CTS (230 words)

	Re: [manet] Hiden- & exposed terminal problem in MANET
		The hidden and exposed terminal problems can be alleviated at the MAC level, but will impact the MANET protocol.
		That is, the MAC's job is to manage the problem, but the MANET protocol should make allowances for it because "solve" may mean waiting until the condition goes away.
		Previous by thread: Re: [manet] Hiden- and exposed terminal problem in MANET
	www.ietf.org /mail-archive/web/manet/current/msg00973.html (1208 words)

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		Evil is a problem, for the theist, in that a contradiction is involved in the fact of evil on the one hand and belief in the omnipotence and omniscience of God on the other.
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		It is also fairly soft, so tightening a brass terminal screw on a tarnished copper wire displaces the copper oxide layer, allowing a metal-to-metal contact between the wire and the terminal.
		The problems of aluminum wiring are associated mainly with small sizes for branch circuits and appliances.
		Because the problems associated with aluminum wiring continue to develop indefinitely, the question is, in our opinion, not whether to upgrade, but how urgently the upgrade is needed.
	alwirerepair.com /whats_the_problem.htm (3328 words)

	Re: [manet] Hiden- & exposed terminal problem in MANET
		Since the PN-codes are unique in the network, the hidden node problem is addressed, the node need not be idle till the completion of data transfer of neighboring nodes and this addresses the exposed node problem.
		The hidden and exposed terminal problems are situations that can > be > > handled, but the handling is likely to introduce some delay.
		The hidden-terminal and exposed terminal problems are MAC layer > problem, > > hence they should be solved in the MAC layer.
	www.ietf.org /mail-archive/web/manet/current/msg00964.html (1306 words)

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	[No title]
		Problem Statement MAC 802.11 is much like the very popular standard that is applied on the Ethernet for local area networks.
		However, for hidden and exposed receivers in combination with the BEB contention resolution method, it can often be observed that a certain flow will capture the channel while the other flow (involving the hidden and exposed receiver) would be starved of its proper share.
		However, it is also not desirable for the receiver to reject the RTS when the flow does not have the minimum tag according to the receiver’s table since a table inconsistency due to collisions could cause deadlock.
	www.cs.ucla.edu /classes/cs215/reports/WR8.doc (2571 words)

	Auto Shipping Transport Tips
		An auto terminal is used to store your vehicle until the driver can schedule a specified time for pick-up.
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	A Survey on Recent Approaches to Using Directional Antennas in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Node 3 is communicating with node 2 at the time that node 1, the hidden terminal, initiates a communication with node 2(node 1 cannot detect that node 2 is receiving data from node 3) which disrupts the ongoing communication from node 3.
		Exposed Terminal Problem – Node 0 and 1 are communicating, as are node 3 and 4.
		Node 2, the exposed terminal, cannot initiate or receive a communication with any other node until all nodes in its range (node 1 and 3) are quiescent.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~vnambood/papers/survey.htm (3637 words)

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	MACA - A New Channel Access Method for Packet Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the exposed terminal case (figure 2), a well-sited station X can hear far away station Y. Even though X is too far from Y to interfere with its traffic to other nearby stations, X will defer to it unnecessarily, thus wasting an opportunity to reuse the channel locally.
		However, collisions are not a major problem on Localtalk; the network is physically small, carrier sensing is fairly rapid, the data rate is relatively low, and (if the network is properly built) there are no hidden terminals.
		Conversely, when exposed terminals exist, presence of carrier doesn't always mean that it's bad to transmit.
	www.ka9q.net /papers/maca.html (3204 words)

	[No title]
		Exposed terminal problem The problem whereby a transmitting node prevents another node from transmitting although it could have safely transmitted to anyone else but that node.
		Personal mobility support typically amounts to the maintenance and update of some sort of address mapping database, such as a SIP server or DNS server; it is also possible for the personal mobility support function to take a part in forwarding control messages between end user and correspondent rather than simply acting as a database.
		Support for soft handover (in a single mode terminal) is characteristic of radio interfaces which also require macro diversity for interference limitation but the two concepts are logically independent.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-seamoby-mobility-terminology-05.txt (8354 words)

	University Programs
		In the "hidden terminal problem", the transmitter senses the channel as idle, when the intended receiver is actually busy.
		In contrast, the "exposed terminal problem" occurs when the transmitter senses its channel as busy, when in fact the intended receiver is free.
		To terminate the tone, the transmitter is sent an "abort" command on the appropriate busy tone channel (via the op_ima_obj_command() function).
	people.ece.cornell.edu /~haas/wnl/opnet.html (2685 words)

	[No title]
		The problems incurred during handoff, like disruption, cell loss and signaling overhead, pair with the guarantee of QoS hint that handoff is one of the most important and attractive problems in implementing wireless networks.
		Also, if the number of mobile terminals roaming between radio cells is large, it is possible that the required link bandwidth will exceed the capacity of the links between base stations.
		Moreover, the receiver at the mobile terminal can be implemented for achieving the maximum diversity reception gain by synchronizing the signals from B base stations.
	robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu /~wlr/228a/Projects/Ding&Jia&Chan&Sheng2.doc (10925 words)

	[No title]
		But there maybe a problem (or a typo) here at the second case sub-case (b) for the handling of increase wave: bw(a, b) in cache should be updated after forwarding is done.
		The use of RTS-CTS to relieve the problem of hidden-exposed terminal problem and the duplicate rebroadcast should be a very good approach.
		The broadcast storm problem has been adressed, by limiting the alg to have only local broadcasts, there are very few (if any) floods of the entire network (unless the entire network is just one dominant node, in which the network is simply peer-to-peer anyways).
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Courses/cs615/2002fa/615/fall02-paper19.txt (10357 words)

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		This is because in exposed terminal case, this DS tells 3rd host the size of data, as there is no use of a new RTS unless CTS can be heard.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~mccaesar/prelims/karthik.BD94.html (443 words)

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	rfc3753 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hidden-terminal problem The problem whereby a transmitting node can fail in its attempt to transmit data because of destructive interference which is only detectable at the receiving node, not the transmitting node.
		Exposed terminal problem The problem whereby a transmitting node A prevents another node B from transmitting, although node B could have safely transmitted to anyone else but the transmitting node A. Manner and Kojo Informational [Page 20] RFC 3753 Mobility Related Terminology June 2004 4.5.
		[7] Kempf, J., Ed., "Problem Description: Reasons For Performing Context Transfers Between Nodes in an IP Access Network", RFC 3374, September 2002.
	ietfreport.isoc.org /idref/rfc3753 (7289 words)

	TDDC22 > Laboration 1
		Two very important problems related with the utilization of different MAC schemes in mobile networks, the hidden terminal and the exposed terminal problems will be studied.
		Further, use static routing for modeling the transmission of the nodes and CBR as the application and simulate the hidden terminal problem.
		Then, use CSMA as the MAC scheme and simulate the messages exchange in a hidden terminal scenario by sending 500 messages of 200 bytes from/to the corresponding nodes.
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