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Topic: Exsanguination

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	Exsanguination
		nce the animal has been rendered unconscious, exsanguination procedures should be initiated to ensure death using a pointed, very sharp knife with a rigid blade at least 6 inches in length.
		As indicated previously, exsanguination procedures are required with the use of penetrating captive bolt.
		Alternatively, one may sever the brachial vasculature by lifting a front leg and inserting the knife deeply into the axillary area at the point of the elbow and cutting the skin, blood vessels, and surrounding tissue until the limb can be laid back away from the thorax of the animal.
	lacs.vetmed.ufl.edu /HumaneEuthanasia/Ex.htm (214 words)

	Exsanguination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Exsanguination is used primarily in the meat industry, as a method of slaughter.
		Slaughter by exsanguination is mandated by Judaic kashrut (however the captive bolt is forbidden) and Islamic halal dietary laws.
		Exsanguination is a relatively uncommon and dramatic cause of death in humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exsanguination (331 words)

	purevolume™ \| Exsanguination
		Exsanguination began in late July of 2006 when Scott and Ripp met up and started jamming together.
		Expect to hear some fresh and brutal metal as we are trying to keep it alive in the scene here while straying away from Syracuse's over saturated metalcore style.
		BOOKING EXSANGUINATION: Scott handles all the bookings so if you are interested in having us play your show(s) please feel free to send us a message on our or his myspace!
	www.purevolume.com /exsanguination (262 words)

	Pneumatic exsanguinator and method for exsanguinating a limb - Patent 4781189
		The hand exsanguinator is inflated first to evacuate blood from the hand then the arm exsanguinator is pressurized from the distal to the proximal and to the desired pressure.
		After exsanguination, the extremity to be operated on can be exposed while the other exsanguinators on the limb may be left in place and deflated or, if necessary, pressure may be maintained at desired level during the surgical procedure.
		The use of the exsanguinator for a partial exsanguination to aid in intravenous use is a practical application of this method to eliminate the probing with an i.v.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4781189.html (3965 words)

	Slaughter and Animal Welfare
		Exsanguination is the process that causes the actual death of the animal.
		In exsanguination, the animal's throat is cut while he is unconscious and hanging upside down.
		It is normal to see twitching and kicking while the animal is being "bled out." Such movement is not an indicator of pain or consciousness assuming the animal has been properly stunned—it is a biological response to nerves having been damaged and the loss of blood from the body.
	www.hsus.org /ace/11533 (648 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Poultry can be exsanguinated with a diagonal cut from the corner of the jaw towards the ear on the other side, or by a knife thrust through the roof of the mouth to severe the brain and its major blood vessels.
		The exsanguination or sticking of meat animals in an abattoir is usually performed by severing the carotid arteries and the jugular vein at the base of the neck.
		During exsanguination, respiratory movements of the thorax may be stimulated, and neurogenic and hormonal mechanisms attempt to restore the blood pressure by increasing the peripheral resistance by vasoconstriction.
	www.clues.abdn.ac.uk:8080 /mirrors/growth/ch1.9.html (7655 words)

	Limb exsanguination. II. The leg: effect of angle of elevation. ³ - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The rather confusing advice within the literature as to duration of elevation, stimulated a study in the arm which revealed the optimal duration of elevation to be 5 min, a period somewhat longer than generally advised.
		Volume changes in the calves of seven male volunteers during elevation at 45 degrees and 90 degrees were assessed using strain gauge plethysmography.
		To achieve maximal exsanguination it is recommended that the leg should be elevated at an angle of 45 degrees for 5 min.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/limb_exsanguination_ii_the_leg_effect_of_angle_of_elevation_ (165 words)

	The Dubious Quick Kill, part 1
		Of these, exsanguination is the most common, with hemorrhaging confined principally to the body cavity because stabbing wounds tend to close after the weapon is withdrawn.
		Because exsanguination is the leading and most frequent cause of death in stabbing and incising wounds, it is not unreasonable to direct our attention initially to wounds to the cardiovascular system and further, to consider the evidence provided by the medical records and coroners reports of the current era.
		Exsanguination is the principal mechanism of death caused by stabbing and incising wounds and death by this means is seldom instantaneous.
	www.classicalfencing.com /articles/bloody.shtml (5655 words)

	THE ARTERIAL TOURNIQUET
		Exsanguination of the limb prior to tourniquet inflation decreases the amount of blood distal to the cuff.
		Exsanguination of a limb autotransfuses blood from the peripheral circulation into the central circulation.
		Half is secondary to return of exsanguinated blood and half secondary to post-ischemic reactive hyperemia.
	www.uam.es /departamentos/medicina/anesnet/gtoa/hm1.html (5172 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Intravenous Regional Block (Bier Block)
		The patient is in the supine position with the arm to be blocked elevated to achieve passive exsanguination.
		The catheter should be firmly taped in place to prevent its dislodgment during the exsanguination with the Esmarch or the injection procedure.
		The arm is then elevated and at least for 1 minute to allow passive exsanguination, which occurs as the large veins are emptied into the more proximal circulation.
	www.nysora.com /techniques/basic/bierblock/bierblock.html (2095 words)

	1999 Abstract 068 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Early exsanguination was found to correlate only with a shorter time from injury to repair and not with maximum preoperative blood pressure or number and type of accompanying injuries.
		Mortality was significantly associated with age greater than 50 years as well as exsanguination, shorter hours to diagnosis, and shorter hours from injury to repair.
		Except for age, demographic and clinical information available in the acute setting was not found to be predictive of early exsanguination or death, including the appearance of the emergency aortogram.
	www.aast.org /99abstracts/99abs068.html (364 words)

	Tuta Healthcare - smart technical
		The ring exerts pressure on the limb during the motion and squeezes the blood from the limb, thus performing the exsanguination on process.
		The S-MART™ exsanguinates, occludes and places a sterile stockinette over the surgical field in under 12 seconds.
		The stockinette placement is part of the exsanguination process and no extra time is required for its placement.
	www.tuta.com.au /page/_s_mart.html (774 words)

	Immobilization and Exsanguination Effects on Meat Quality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The manner in which livestock are immobilized, slaughtered, and exsanguinated can affect final meat quality.
		Bleeding (also called exsanguination) is important because extra blood in the meat cuts is unappealing to consumers.
		Blood is also an ideal growth medium for the microorganisms which cause meat to spoil so removing as much blood as possible can help increase shelf life of the meat.
	ag.ansc.purdue.edu /meat_quality/mqf_immobilization.html (185 words)

	Animal User Requirements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Exsanguination can be used to assure death subsequent to a procedure that renders the animal unconscious.
		Because anxiety is associated with extreme hypovolemia, exsanguination must not be used as a sole means of euthanasia.
		Pithing can be used to assure death subsequent to a procedure that renders the animal unconscious.
	www.nihtraining.com /oacu/accfloginnolog/Procedures/procedure_46.html (50 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Recovery, Characterization and Control of Food Borne Pathogens from Slaughter Through ...
		Salmonella were found on 73 of 100 swine at exsanguination and on 20 of 60 fecal samples recovered from these same 100 swine at exsanguination.
		In a related study, Campylobacter were detected on 10 of 30 composite carcass samples and on all 30 composite rectal samples at exsanguination.
		Following exsanguination, the pathogen was found on 0 of 30 of these same composite carcass samples after polishing, 2 of 30 immediately before chilling, and 0 of 30 after overnight chilling.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=165388 (682 words)

	SALMON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Killing methods currently in use are: exsanguination without prior stunning, manual percussive stunning, with or without subsequent bleeding, and carbon dioxide narcosis followed by exsanguination.
		The chosen method of killing is at present dictated by a variety of factors including the volume of fish being handled and different demands on fish farmers by their customers.
		However, there is an increasing awareness in the industry of the need to ensure that slaughter takes place under humane conditions and that fish should be stunned prior to slaughter by a method which causes immediate loss of consciousness which lasts until death.
	www.fawc.org.uk /reports/fish/FISHR076.htm (120 words)

	DCFUD
		But whether or not the stuff is safe is beyond the point: it's really odd that of all the testing companies they could have used they chose the sketchiest.
		Posted by: zaf at March 8, 2006 02:30 PM Greusome as it sounds, exsanguination is a very common and ethically accepted way of sacrificing research animals.
		Posted by: Michael at March 9, 2006 08:45 AM Greusome as it sounds, exsanguination is a very common and ethically accepted way of sacrificing research animals.
	dcfud.smorgasblog.com /archives/002472.html (572 words)

	Lab Manual 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		In many small commercial beef slaughter plants the animal is exsanguinated and most of the hide is removed with the carcass positioned on its back in a cradle on the floor.
		Attach a trolly hook through the tendon of the remaining leg and with assistance of the hoist place the trolley on the rail.
		Open the hide along the ventral mid-line from the original incision, made during exsanguination, to the rectum.
	www.ansc.purdue.edu /courses/ansc351/LM5.html (1460 words)

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	Search Results for Exsanguination - Encyclopædia Britannica
		When an animal is bled after slaughter (a process known as exsanguination), oxygen is no longer available to the muscle cells, and...
		After stunning, animals are usually suspended by a hind limb and moved down a conveyor line for the slaughter procedures.
		Mechanical stunning is not generally used in hogs because it may cause serious quality problems in the meat, including blood splashing (small,...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Exsanguination&ct= (140 words)

	Bier Block Exsanguination: A Volumetric Comparison and Venous Pressure Study -- Mabee and Orlinsky 7 (2): 105 -- ...
		Bier Block Exsanguination: A Volumetric Comparison and Venous Pressure Study -- Mabee and Orlinsky 7 (2): 105 -- Academic Emergency Medicine
		standard, Esmarch exsanguination is intolerable with limb trauma.
		Thus, the authors' objective was to study alternative methods.
	www.aemj.org /cgi/content/abstract/7/2/105 (293 words)

	AASV News archive - Campylobacter - Prevalence in Swine and Pork
		USDA researchers from the Microbial Food Safety Research Unit have determined the prevalence of Campylobacter species in a sample of swine and swine carcasses at a slaughter and processing facility.
		Thirty composite carcass samples, representing 360 swine carcasses, were taken immediately after exsanguination, immediately after polishing, after the final wash, and after overnight chilling at 2°C. Thirty matching composite rectal samples were also taken immediately after exsanguination, and 60 non-matching individual colon samples were collected from the same lot of swine during evisceration.
		Campylobacter was detected on 33% (10 of 30) of the composite carcasses immediately after exsanguination, 0% (0 of 30) after polishing, 7% (2 of 30) immediately before chilling, and 0% (0 of 30) after overnight chilling.
	www.aasv.org /news/story.php?id=745 (369 words)

	Deer newsletter- April 1999
		In abattoirs where the time interval between electrical stunning and the initiation of exsanguination was less than 5 seconds, thoracic stick exsanguination significantly reduced the incidence of ecchymosis in comparison to the alternative method of making a gash across the neck.
		In abattoirs where the minimum interval possible between stunning and initiation of exsanguination was approximately 15 seconds, electrical stunning reduced the amount of ecchymosis in deer by both thoracic stick or gash methods of exsanguination, in comparison to captive bolt stunning.
		The researchers suggested that the down-regulation of voltage by Muslim slaughtermen should be discouraged as the interval to cessation of heartbeat (mean of 114 seconds after stunning) was not affected by voltage, whereas consciousness was affected.
	www.rirdc.gov.au /pub/deer/april99.htm (2545 words)

	The DM's corner - Encyclopedia of Herbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The fl rose's roots are often used to draw poison from wounds or, placed under the tongue, to absorb alcohol and prevent intoxication.
		Sometimes victims are tied down and pierced with the thorns to cause prolonged and painful exsanguination.
		A tall plant with small, bell-shaped violet flowers and complex roots that are fl on the outside and white on the inside.
	rdinn.com /herbs.html (4342 words)

	Narcosis followed by exsanguination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		This method involves putting the fish in water which has been pre-treated with a gas, normally gaseous carbon dioxide, until movement ceases and then severing the gill arches.
		Carbon dioxide exposure must be followed by exsanguination or percussive killing if recovery is to be prevented.
		Care must be taken that all fish in the batch have progressed from immobility into insensibility before bleeding takes place.
	www.fawc.org.uk /reports/fish/fishr079.htm (184 words)

	Retinal venous oxygen saturation and cardiac output during controlled hemorrhage and resuscitation -- Denninghoff et ...
		After the exsanguination and reinfusion, the retina was examined for laser damage by using direct ophthalmoscopy.
		exsanguination (r = 0.97) and resuscitation (r = 0.82).
		and normalized cardiac output during the baseline, exsanguination, and resuscitation periods of the experiments.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/94/3/891 (3425 words)

	Air Embolism and Exsanguination from Separation of Two-Piece Side Port/Hemostasis Valve Cardiac Catheter Introducers
		A member hospital reported a fatal central venous air embolism caused by the separation of a specific manufacturer's side port/hemostasis valve catheter-to-sheath adapter from the same manufacturer's percutaneous sheath hub.
		The accident occurred when the standard Luer-lock fitting disconnected as a patient was moved from a bed to a chair.
		The databases also include numerous other reports of disconnection of the side port/hemostasis valve adapter, many of which were associated with serious injury.
	www.mdsr.ecri.org /summary/detail.aspx?doc_id=8098 (712 words)

	eMedicine - Shock, Hemorrhagic : Article by John P Pryor, MD
		The pleural space, abdominal cavity, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum are all spaces that can hold enough blood to cause death from exsanguination.
		Ideally, all hospitals and physicians should be prepared to initially treat and stabilize the patient with exsanguinating hemorrhage.
		After control of the bleeding and reversal of acute shock, patients may be transferred to facilities that can treat additional injuries.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic2115.htm (4663 words)

	eMedicine - Shock, Hemorrhagic : Article Excerpt by: John P Pryor, MD
		Very young and very old people are more prone to early decompensation after loss of circulating volume.
		Pediatric patients have smaller total blood volumes and, therefore, are at risk to lose a proportionately greater percentage of blood on an equivalent-volume basis during exsanguination compared to adults.
		The kidneys of children younger than 2 years are not mature; they have a blunted ability to concentrate solute.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/shock-hemorrhagic.htm (591 words)

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