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Topic: Extein

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	Intein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An intein is a segment of a protein that is able to excise itself and rejoin the remaining portions (the exteins) with a peptide bond.
		Pharmaceutical inhibition of intein excision may be useful tool for drug development, the protein that contains the intein will not carry out its normal function if the intein does not excise since its structure will be disrupted.
		The first part of an intein name is based on the scientific name of the organism in which it is found, and the second part is based on the name of the corresponding gene or extein.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extein (635 words)

	InBase, An Introduction to Protein Splicing
		Extein ligation differentiates protein splicing from other forms of autoproteolysis and conserved intein motifs differentiate inteins from other types of in-frame sequences present in one homolog and absent in another homolog.
		If more than 1 intein is present in an extein gene, the inteins are given a numerical suffix starting from 5' to 3' or in order of their identification.
		Once the homing endonuclease cleaves the intein-less extein gene, the only copy of the gene remaining for repair of the DNA break is the intein-containing gene.
	tools.neb.com /inbase/intro.php (2581 words)

	Obituaries
		Sister Caroline Extein, 90, of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Northwestern Pennsylvania, died on March 27, 2006.
		She was born on May 29, 1915 in Harborcreek, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the late Michael and Victoria Extein.
		She is survived by one brother, Harry Extein of Harborcreek, one sister Theresa Olszewski of Erie, and many nieces and nephews.
	www.ssjerie.org /obituaries.htm (520 words)

	Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Extein represents commercial and retail landlords and tenants, developers, property managers and lenders.
		Extein has lectured and written widely on real estate issues.
		Extein received his A.B. magna cum laude from Princeton University in 1972 and his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1976.
	www.akingump.com /attorney.cfm?pf=1&ATTORNEY_ID=2573 (142 words)

	Protein-splicing mechanism
		Here too the attack is by a polar side chain of a Ser, Thr (both OH) or Cys (SH).This leads to a transesterification and formation of a branched intermediate with two amino ends, one of the N-extein and one of the intein.
		The intein is joined by peptide bond to the C-extein and the two exteins are joined by a thio/ester bond.
		The intein is now fully excised from the N and C exteins that are yet linked to each other by the thio/ester bond.
	bioinformatics.weizmann.ac.il /~pietro/inteins/protein-splicing_mechanism.html (616 words)

	An intein is a segment of a protein protein that is...
		An "intein" is a segment of a protein protein that is able to excise itself and rejoin the remaining portions (the exteins) with a peptide bond peptide bond.
		Inteins have been engineered for particular applications such as protein synthesis, and the selective labeling of protein segments, which is useful for NMR NMR studies of large proteins.
		The first part of an intein name is based on the scientific name scientific name of the organism organism in which it is found, and the second part is based on the name of the corresponding gene or extein.
	www.biodatabase.de /Intein (493 words)

	University of Pittsburgh: Office of Technology Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the method, at least two extein peptides are provided, or are synthesized by recombinant methods, the extein peptides having co-reacting portions of a split intein attached thereto, so that the peptides will splice automatically under suitable conditions.
		A vector is also provided which includes at least one extein gene for expressing at least one of the extein peptides.
		In one embodiment, the protein to be trans-spliced is human dystrophin and the virus particle in which the extein genes are delivered is an Adeno-Associated Virus particle.
	tech-link.tt.pitt.edu /industry_technologies.medical.genetherapy.html (367 words)

	News in brief: Splice junction function
		Unlike traditional intein splicing mechanisms (right), the KlbA inteins make a direct nucleophilic attack on the N-terminal splice junction near the first extein (1) with a cysteine side chain next to the second extein (2).
		In protein splicing, seemingly useless in-frame insertions (inteins) are posttranslationally excised from protein precursors and the remaining amino acid sequences (exteins) are combined into one polypeptide chain to form a fully developed protein.
		As a result, the direct attack by the second extein saves one step in the overall process, the transesterification.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/mdd/v04/i02/html/news7.html (225 words)

	Intein-mediated purification of cytotoxic endonuclease I-TevI by insertional inactivation and pH-controllable splicing ...
		N-Ex, C-Ex and N-Ex/C-Ex are the N-extein, C-extein and ligated exteins of the I-TevI derivatives, respectively.
		Ligated exteins are shown as a molar percentage of total material as a function of time at 37°C and pH 7.4.
		Bands were not sufficiently resolved to allow quantitation, but the dramatic enhancement of splicing is evident from the reduction in precursor and increase in ligated exteins with decreasing pH, from 8.3 to 7.2.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/22/4864 (4618 words)

	Protein introns (Inteins)
		The exteins contribute little, if any, to the cleavage reaction.
		Extein splicing occurs in four steps involving sulfhydryl- or hydroxyl groups on amino acids on the C-terminal side of the split bonds and an asparagine at the C-terminus of the intein (ref).
		In addition to the intein, the first C-terminal extein residue is required and is the nucleophile for two of the four steps.
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/MG/MGW2/MG2512.html (491 words)

	Exam Answers
		Extein part: nucleotide binding via Rossman fold (homologous to ATPase catalytic and non-catalytic sbunits) and RNA binding.
		To do so, one can perform a BLAST search with an extein part of the query sequence, align the sequences in ClustalX, and then calculate a phylogeny.
		The extein from the unknown ORF groups within the group of Rho termination factors, and hence most probably is an ortholog to the Rho termination factor.
	carrot.mcb.uconn.edu /mcb372/exam_answers2002.html (1437 words)

	A DnaB intein in Rhodothermus marinus: Indication of recent intein homing across remotely related organisms -- Liu and ...
		When only the extein sequences are considered, the R.
		DnaB exteins and analyzed in the context of Synechocystis
		extein sequences appear not to be required for the R.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/15/7851 (3214 words)

	[No title]
		First reported in 1990 by researchers elsewhere, there are now 45 known examples of such inteins, all of them in unicellular organisms.
		Intrigued by their proof that the intein needed no help from other molecules to part with the extein, Paulus suggested a mechanism for how this could happen and, in the ensuing collaboration, studied the intein's feat step by step.
		In papers published over the past four years, the researchers showed that the mechanism consists of sequential rearrangements of chemical bonds that release the intein with no net loss of amino acid bonds.
	focus.hms.harvard.edu /1997/Oct31_1997/biochem.html (1127 words)

	CiteULike: Conditional protein splicing: a new tool to control protein structure and function in vitro and in vivo. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Protein splicing is a naturally occurring process in which an intervening intein domain excises itself out of a precursor polypeptide in an autocatalytic fashion with concomitant linkage of the two flanking extein sequences by a native peptide bond.
		In related studies, the geometric flexibility of the CPS components was investigated with a series of purified proteins.
		The FKBP and FRB domains, which are dimerized by rapamycin and thereby induce the reconstitution of the split intein, were fused to the extein sequences of the split intein halves.
	www.citeulike.org /user/rklancer/article/190489 (373 words)

	Modulation of Protein Splicing of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vacuolar Membrane ATPase Intein -- Chong et al. 273 ...
		The protein splicing pathway of the Sce VMA intein (5) is indicated by the bold arrows.
		was a 51-kDa protein corresponding to the ligated exteins, MB lane 4), indicating that efficient splicing occurred in vivo.
		upstream of the C-terminal splice junction and the proximal extein
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/273/17/10567 (7665 words)

	InBase, the New England Biolabs Intein Database -- Perler 27 (1): 346 -- Nucleic Acids Research
		Homing endonucleases were first described in mobile introns; they do not cut the genomes in which they are found, but instead cleave the intein or intron insertion site (home) in homologs of the host gene lacking the intervening sequence (4).
		This double strand break initiates a gene conversion event resulting in insertion of the intein or intron gene into the same position in a homologous extein gene (6,7).
		InBase, the New England Biolabs Intein Database, is a comprehensive on-line database (http://www.neb.com/neb/inteins.html) established in 1997 to serve as a resource for both researchers and educators interested in protein splicing.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/1/346 (1180 words)

	Mark S. Gold M.D.
		Gold MS; Pottash AC; Sweeney D; Martin D; Extein I."Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiates: clinical, neuroanatomical, and biochemical evidence".
		Gold MS; Pottash AC; Mueller EA 3rd; Extein I."Grades of thyroid failure in 100 depressed and anergic psychiatric inpatients".
		Gold MS; Pottash AC; Martin D; Extein I; Howard E."The 24-hour LH test in the diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa".
	www.med.nyu.edu /pubs/goldm01.html (946 words)

	IngentaConnect Protein splicing of yeast VMA1-derived endonuclease via thiazolid...
		Protein splicing precisely excises out an internal intein segment from a protein precursor, and concomitantly ligates the N- and C-terminal extein polypeptides flanking the intein.
		X10SNS has replacements of C284S, H362N and C738S, and forms the intein and extein segments in the crystal lattice.
		The crystal structure of X10SNS revealed a linkage between the N- and C-extein segments, and showed that the C284 amino group of the resultant intein segment is in interaction with the G283 O atom of the N-extein segment.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/jsy/2004/00000011/00000001/art00030 (223 words)

	Protein Splicing of a Pyrococcus abyssi Intein with a C-terminal Glutamine -- Mills et al. 279 (20): 20685 -- Journal ...
		In most inteins, protein splicing initiates via an N-S acyl rearrangement to form a linear thioester intermediate (step A), followed by a trans-thioesterification reaction to form a branched thioester (step B) (reviewed in Ref. 1).
		The ligation of the N- and C-extein segments by a thioester bond (step F, which is followed by step G to form a stable amide bond between extein segments) is likely coupled to one of three steps that results in cleavage of the intein-C-extein peptide bond in the P.
		To whom correspondence should be addressed: College of the Holy Cross, Dept. of Chemistry, 1 College St., Worcester, MA 01610.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/20/20685 (4966 words)

	The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology - 2005 Scientific Report
		The protein adopts a horseshoe-shaped fold consisting almost entirely of regular β-sheet se condary structure (Fig.
		Ribbon representation of the NMR structure of the M jannaschii KlbA intein, with the extein residues glycine, G(–1), and serine, S(+1), and the conserved block B histidine 96, H96, shown as stick drawings.
		The N and C termini are found on extended strands that pass through the center of the horseshoe, contributing to the formation of the active site along with residues from other β-strands.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sk/sk2005/sk05wuthrich.html (646 words)

	Oxford Journals \| Life Sciences \| Nucleic Acids Research \| Database Summary Paper 174 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inteins are self-catalytic protein splicing elements that interrupt host proteins, called exteins.
		Extein ligation to form a native peptide bond between the extein segments AND the presence of conserved intein motifs differentiate intein-mediated protein splicing from other post-translational processing events.
		InBase, the intein Database and Registry, is a curated compilation of published and unpublished information about protein splicing.
	www3.oup.co.uk /nar/database/summary/174 (391 words)

	Protein Splicing of the Deinococcus radiodurans Strain R1 Snf2 Intein -- Southworth and Perler 184 (22): 6387 -- The ...
		Shown are results for the control MP protein (lane 1), soluble cell extract (lane 2), flowthrough after affinity chromatography over amylose resin (lane 3), eluate from amylose column (lane 4), Genenase I-cleaved eluate (lane 5), and a broad-range protein marker (New England Biolabs) (lane 6) on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel stained with Coomassie blue.
		Effect of flanking extein residues on protein splicing
		besides the conserved motif residues, the flanking extein sequences
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/22/6387 (1058 words)

	InBase, Intein Alleles - Inteins Sorted by Extein Insertion Site
		Perler 1997 suggested that intein homologs present at the same insertion site in homologous extein genes should be considered
		have inteins in pps1, recA and dnaB genes, but in each case, the insertion site is at a different location in the extein.
		In fact, many extein genes have unrelated inteins inserted at different positions.
	tools.neb.com /inbase/list_alleles.php (745 words)

	Protein trans-splicing by a split intein encoded in a split DnaE gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 -- Wu et al. 95 ...
		) are specified as exteins Ext-n and Ext-c, whereas intein-related sequences (
		The Ssp DnaE extein sequences (Ssp) are aligned with corresponding DnaE sequences of E.
		Products of the two genes are shown as precursor proteins, with their extein regions (Ext-n' and Ext-c) and intein regions (Int-n and Int-c) as indicated.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/16/9226 (4500 words)

	JAMA -- Abstract: Thyroid failure and protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) test abnormalities in depressed ...
		Thyroid failure and protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) test abnormalities in depressed outpatients
		Sternbach, M. Gold, A. Pottash and I. Extein
		Forty-four consecutive outpatients referred to a psychiatric hospital for
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/249/12/1618 (130 words)

	Bacteriophage-Based Genetic System for Selection of Nonsplicing Inteins -- Cann et al. 70 (5): 3158 -- Applied and ...
		Schematic diagram of the RB69 DNA polymerase (white boxes, exteins) and Pol-2
		Splicing is required to generate a functional RB69 DNA polymerase.
		Intein amino acid sequences are indicated above the precursor, and DNA polymerase sequences (exteins) are indicated below.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/5/3158 (1747 words)

	take home quiz number 6
		a) Given the following tree, which type of protein appears to be the one labeled as extein?
		b) Assuming that the extein sequence was obtained from Burkholderia brasilensis, does this tree give you any reason to suspect that the extein might encode a paralog to the transcription termination factor?
		c) Does your assessment of potential paralogy change, in case the extein sequence was obtained from Enterobacter cloacae?
	web.uconn.edu /gogarten/mcb221/homework6.html (599 words)

	Cell -- Duan et al. 89 (4):555
		(termed exteins) of an ATPase host protein, and initiates an
		splicing and ligates the two flanking exteins to generate the
		with two N termini derived from the intein and N-terminal extein.
	life.nthu.edu.tw /~b821629/hk2/ps3/555.html (5448 words)

	Re: Michael Extein Erie, PA
		Re: Michael Extein Erie, PA Posted by: Amy Watson
		In Reply to: Michael Extein Erie, PA by Theresa List
		I have one Extein in my family tree: Christiana Catherine Extein, b.
	genforum.genealogy.com /pa/messages/19526.html (55 words)

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