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Topic: Extended Super Frame

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	Ordering a T1 Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The framing that is available on T-1 is either a D4 Super Frame (SF) or Extended Super Frame (ESF).
		The definition of a D4 SF is the packaging of 12 frames which creates a super frame.
		The difference between a D4 SF and a ESF is that there are 24 frames per extended super frame with additional signaling bits and advanced diagnostics capabilities.
	resource.intel.com /telecom/support/gammalink/techtips/ordering_t1.htm (501 words)

	Frame timing acquisition method and system for cordless TDMA systems - Patent 5570370
		In such a frame structured communication scheme, it is important that each portable transceiver 12, 14 and 16 be synchronized with the frames (i.e., in relation to the base station 18) initially, when it is desired to initiate a communication, and to maintain such synchronization during communication.
		In response to a locally generated framing clock, each bit of the locally generated framing pattern is compared to a received bit of the extended super frame of the bitstream, which received bit is believed to be a corresponding framing bit.
		The frame time acquisition circuit also has a decision circuit for identifying boundaries of a frame of the received bitstream in response to the CRC check circuit determining that the third subsequence is a cyclical redundancy code parity word formed from the second subsequence.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5570370.html (8721 words)

	CommsDesign - Tutorial on T1/E1 Alarming, Dropping, and Inserting
		The FAS is a pattern "0011011" that specifies the alignment of a frame.
		The A bit (bit 3) in all N+1 frames is used for sending the RAI alarm to the far-end equipment.
		The FAS is used for framing and synchronization in frames 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24.
	www.commsdesign.com /design_corner/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16501900 (2720 words)

	LitWeb.net
		Frame's concern with language and its relation to truth, and her suspicion of conventional 'realities', led her to develop a unique kind of narrative, which explores the problems of realizing experience in language.
		Opinions differ whether Frame reproduces the ideology of postmodernism in her fictive strategy in which narrative authority is continuously deferred, or whether she remains closer to modernism.
		Frame won several awards for her fiction, including an Honorary Doctor of Literature from the University of Otago, a C.B.E. in 1983, and the Turnovsky Prize for Outstanding Achievement in the Arts.
	www.biblion.com /litweb/biogs/frame_janet.html (1074 words)

	The Ultimate Digital Signal 1 Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		Terminal frame alignment channel is carried in odd-numbered frames inside the super frame and occurs with the DS0 channel synchronization.
		Signaling frame alignment channel is carried in even-numbered frames inside the super frame and is used for signaling frame alignment.
		Signaling frames are identified by the framing signal's transition from 1 to 0 and from 0 to 1; thereby frames six and twelve carry signaling information.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/DS1 (1133 words)

	ds1 - definition by dict.die.net
		A DS1 frame includes one byte from each of the 24 DS0 channels and adds one framing bit, making a total of 193 bits per frame at 8000 frames per second.
		In voice telephony, errors are acceptable (early standards allowed as much as one frame in six to be missing entirely), so the least significant bit in two of the 24 streams was used for signaling between network equipments.
		DS1 signals using ESF equipment are nearly error-free, because the CRC detects errors and allows automatic re-routing of connections.
	dict.die.net /ds1 (286 words)

	Chapter 8
		The framing bit is used to keep track of the beginning of the frames as they come in.
		The standard DS1 frame was used (one frame bit and 24 channels that are 8 bits each), but a group of 12 frames were bundled together and the framing bits were defined in a specific patter for the 12 frames.
		DS1 framing and Super Frame had a problem in that no statistics were kept by the equipment to show how the health of the link.
	www.fhsu.edu /~kshaffer/courses/datacom1/html/chapter_8.html (1938 words)

	Used Cisco Systems Configuring Frame Relay
		Once a frame relay line has been properly provisioned by the provider, the installation of a frame relay network using Cisco routers is usually a trouble-free task involving minimal configuration.
		For a frame relay network, the line protocol is the periodic exchange of local management interface (LMI) packets between the router and the frame relay provider.
		Frame relay LMI is properly exchanging between the router and the frame relay provider.
	www.alliancedatacom.com /manufacturers/cisco-systems/framerelay_design/framerelay_troubleshooting.asp (1692 words)

	Switching Frame Mode In Live T1 Systems - Maxim/Dallas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The reason is that both the ESF and D4 framing patterns are similar enough to cause problems with synchronization.
		Because the D4 framing pattern is 12 bits long, it is repeated twice on the first line for comparison to the 24-bit ESF framing pattern.
		The remaining lines are the ESF framing pattern shifted left one bit at a time to create the 24 possible comparisons.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/2713 (795 words)

	KODAK: Will Super 16 replace Standard 16 as a European Standard?
		Super 16 format is future proof, and that while 35mm is still the imaging "standard", Super 16 offers a cost effective method for producing TV programming.
		Super 16 is a film format designed to use the maximum image area available on conventional 16mm film.
		Outwardly, a Super 16 camera appears the same as a Standard 16 camera, but internally, the picture aperture is enlarged to the Super 16 format, the lens is recentered in its mount to the Super 16 frame center line and the viewfinder has the extended markings of the Super 16 frame on the ground glass.
	www.kodak.com /country/US/en/motion/support/technical/super16.shtml (1184 words)

	Cisco - Frame Relay Troubleshooting Steps
		Once a frame relay line has been properly provisioned by the provider, the installation of a frame relay network using Cisco routers is usually a trouble-free task involving minimal configuration.
		Frame relay LMI is properly exchanging between the router and the frame relay provider.
		Framing: A DSU/CSU can be configured to frame data either in extended super frame (ESF) format or super frame (D4 framing) format.
	www.cisco.com /warp/cpropub/45/FR_TS.htm (1677 words)

	SilverSword - Glossary - E-F (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In a time-division multiplex system, a frame is a sequence of time slots, each containing a sample from one of the channels served by the multiplex system; the frame is repeated at the sampling rate, and each channel occupies the same sequence position in successive frames.
		Frame Relay supports data units of variable lengths at access speeds ranging from 56 kilobits per second to 1.5 megabits per second.
		Frame Relay was designed to operate at high speeds on modem fiber optic networks.
	www.silversword.com /EF.html (783 words)

	Super Frame - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Super Frame is an older framing standard for T1s.
		The frame is 192 bits long (8 * 24), and is terminated with a 193rd bit, the framing bit, which is used to find the end of the frame.
		In order for the framing bit to be located by receiving equipment, a pattern is sent on this bit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Super_Frame (176 words)

	Digital Signal 1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Super Frame consists of twelve consecutive 193-bit frames, whereas an Extended Super Frame consists of twenty-four consecutive 193-bit frames of data.
		In SF Framing, the framing channel is divided into two channels of 4 kbit/s each.
		The Terminal frame alignment pattern is carried in odd-numbered frames, inside the super frame, and consists of alternating 1s and 0s: 1–0–1–0–1–0.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digital_Signal_1 (1501 words)

	Ethernet-over-PDH Technology Overview - Maxim/Dallas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Frame encapsulation is the process by which Ethernet frames are placed as payload inside an auxiliary format for transmission on a non-Ethernet network.
		Once the Ethernet frames are encapsulated in a higher level protocol that performs frame delineation, they are then ready to be mapped for transport.
		However, when VCAT the concept was extended to PDH networks, the existing management paths were insufficient and a new field was assigned for the VCAT overhead path.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/3849 (2916 words)

	Communications & Networking Glossary D-F - RAD Data Communications
		ESF (Extended Super Frame) - ESF is a framing format that consists of 24 consecutive frames separated by framing bits.
		Framing - At the physical and data link layers of the OSI model, bits are fit into units called frames.
		Frames contain source and destination information, flags to designate the start and end of the frame, plus information about the integrity of the frame.
	www.rad.com /Home/0,6583,13664,00.html (2327 words)

	B8ZS (David G. Lewis; Al Varney; Floyd Davidson; Ken Becker)
		This is repeated every 12 frames, i.e., one signalling bit is transmitted on the first 6th frame spot and a different one transmitted on the second 6th frame (the 12th frame) in each DS0 channel.
		ESF (also known as Fe or D5 Framing) consists of 24 consectutive frames, but the framing sequence, 001011, is only send in frames 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24.
		The 6th frame is the A bit, and the 12th frame is the B bit.
	yarchive.net /phone/b8zs.html (4812 words)

	Extended Super Frame - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Extended Super Frame (ESF) is a T1 framing standard.
		Preferred over its predecessor, Super Frame, because it includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and bandwidth for a data link channel (used to pass out-of-band data between equipment).
		• Frames 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 are used to pass the CRC total for each superframe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extended_Super_Frame (191 words)

	Paving the Pathway to a Voice over IP Network
		A framing bit is a single bit that indicates the end of the frame, and a frame contains an 8-bit sample from each of a T1’s 24 channels.
		Because the CAS approach takes these unneeded framing bits and uses them for signaling, this approach is often referred to as "robbed-bit signaling." With CAS, all 24 of a T1’s channels can be used for voice, data, or video because none of the channels are dedicated solely to signaling.
		This process continues for each of the remaining frames in the multiframe, such that the multiframe sends signaling information for 30 channels, which is exactly the number of channels we use in an E1 to send voice, video, and data.
	www.windowsitlibrary.com /Content/1794/03/1.html (7671 words)

	12-Port and 24-Port T1 Inverse Multiplexers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tuck the tab at the end of the strap down to the left of the connector frame so it is out of the way of other connections.
		A frame consists of 193 bits (8-bit samples of each of the 24 T1 data channels plus a synchronization bit) transmitted at a rate of 8,000 frames per second (1,536 kbps) across the T1 line.
		Super Frame (SF) assembles data into 12-frame transmission clusters.
	www.nettonet.com /support/docs/210-0000053 (2998 words)

	Glossary of Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The IP process in which a packet is broken into smaller pieces to fit the requirements of a physical network over which the packet must pass.
		Frame relay defines the interface between user equipment and a WAN; it does not define internal operation of the network or the interfaces or protocols used within the WAN itself.
		For th is reason, the term "frame-relay cloud" is often used to describe the internal operation of a WAN that has a frame-relay interface.
	members.cox.net /bakerdh/Glossary/GlosF.html (1175 words)

	Glossary of Telecommunications Terms
		A DS1 frame is said to be channelized if the payload timeslots are assigned in a fixed pattern to signal elements from more than one source, each operating at a slower digital rate.
		A loopback in which the signal returned toward the source of the loopback command consists of the payload of the received signal (with bit sequence integrity retained) and newly generated ESF framing (not necessarily maintaining the integrity of the channel timeslots, frames, or superframes of the received signal.)
		The newly generated ESF data link contains a valid performance report message with a value of one in every LB-labeled bit position for the duration of the loopback indicating the signal is the result of a payload loopback.
	www.ncomm.com /frames/main/glossary.html (914 words)

	Glossary: D
		However because ESF is not backward compatible and there continues to be a large installed base of channel banks and DS-1 Multiplexers that are based upon D4, it is still the default private line formatting technique.
		Frame relay frame indicator that identifies that the frame may be discarded in the case of network congestion.
		A frame relay header field that identifies the destination of the packet.
	info.louisiana.edu /dept/glosd.html (1345 words)

	Buying Broadband Services
		DS-1 Framing: There are also two choices for how DS-1 data is "framed." The framing convention allows the DMP and the CO to clearly understand which of the 24 channels owns each bit in the transmission stream.
		ESF is the more modern method and provides improved error detection and correction when compared to D4.
		D4 was designed with voice applications in mind while ESF was designed for digital transmission of digital data.
	www.technixs.com /broadband.htm (2023 words)

	hw 8
		Draw a DS0 frame and label the least significant bit, the most significant bit and the first bit to be sent.
		All 8 bits of channel 0 are used for framing.
		Channels 1 to 15 are used for data or voice and no bit robbing is used or needed.
	www.fhsu.edu /~kshaffer/courses/datacom1/html/hw_8.html (290 words)

	GL Communications - Facility Data Link (FDL) Analyzer
		The user may transmit valid HDLC frames (properly formed HDLC frame file required), or the user may transmit raw data from a file of raw (hex) bytes (codeword strings, etc.).
		The real-time mode of operation is used to capture stream of HDLC frames on the selected cards and also embedded bit-patterned ESF data link messages.
		HDLC frames are parsed according to Q.921, FDL messages are decoded based on the AT&T TR54016, ANSI T1.403, T1.408, I.431, G.963 and G.704.
	www.gl.com /fdldoc.html (1538 words)

	GL Communications - Protocol Analysis
		GL's TRAU Analyzer is used to non-intrusively monitor TRAU frames at the Abis interface (between the BTS (CCU) and the TRAU node at BSC/MSC).
		The real-time mode of operation is used to capture stream of HDLC frames on the selected even or odd frames of the E1 multiframe on timeslot 0.
		HDLC frames are decoded according to Q.921, LAPF according to Q.922 and the frame relay information parsing depends on the user's selection of Q.933, Q.933 Annex A, T1.617, T1.617 Annex D, Frame Relay Forum (FRF.x) or Consortium LMI.
	www.gl.com /protocol_analysis.html (1666 words)

	Telephone Tech Talk: AMI or B8ZS & Super Frame or Extended SF
		I'd be pretty leery of a "well known carrier" that couldn't tell me the framing format and line coding they were giving me. I worked for AT&T for 30 years and even a dummy can find that information on a word document, even if they don't know how to look it up in the switch.
		Across the carrier it's always ESF it's converted on both ends (switch and to the local company) Bell South, if everything is done right is transparant so they don't care what the framing is they just pass on what they get, so they wouldn't know.
		Vendor said that our T1 was DM4 - AMI Super Frame and it could not be configured (no way to change it) - that if AT&T Long Distance was working with it, there should be no reason why Bell South, if they had their pre-coding, etc. done correctly, should not work too.
	www.sundance-communications.com /cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=3;t=000269;p=1 (4019 words)

	Interface Commands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The compression algorithm used is a predictor algorithm (the RAND compression algorithm), which uses a compression dictionary to predict what the next character in the frame will be.
		Use the framing controller configuration command to select the frame type for the T1 or E1 data line.
		Super frame is the default on a T1 line.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios11/rbook/rinterfc.htm (10212 words)

	Intellectual Property Cores
		The framed data is synchronized to the provided T1 clock.
		The external framing mode allows another module, typically a T1 Deframer, to generate the framing bits.
		The de-framer provides outputs identifying the positions of the framing bits as well as an indicator for the first bit in the ESF multi-frame structure.
	www.adaptivemicro.com /ipcores/default.htm (679 words)

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