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Topic: Extended memory

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	Extended memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Extended memory refers to memory above the first megabyte of address space in an IBM PC with an 80286 or later processor.
		Extended memory is only available on PC's based on the Intel 80286 or higher processor.
		The memory is "protected" in the sense that memory segments assigned a local descriptor cannot be accessed by another program because that program uses a different LDT, and memory segments assigned a global descriptor can have their access rights restricted, causing a hardware trap (typically a General Protection Fault) on violation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extended_memory (314 words)

	MS-DOS Memory Issues
		Upper memory blocks are not connected with conventional memory, and cannot be directly used by applications which have not been made aware of its existence.
		Extended memory can be used as expanded memory by using software and the 80286 or 80386 chips to "remap" it to the lower 1MB.
		Software that will convert extended memory to expanded memory on an 80286 machine is not written to use the special hardware built into the 80386 chip, so the same type of performance penalty may apply.
	www.dewassoc.com /support/msdos/msdos_memory.htm (1528 words)

	Extended Memory
		Memory recognized by the 80X86 processors between the upper 640K-byte limit of MS-DOS and a 16M-byte maximum.
		Any memory in a 286-or 386-level PC above the 1-megabyte limit of the original PC’s 8088 CPU is called extended memory.
		This memory is usable only when the microprocessor is in its protected mode (which the 8088/8086 is incapable of).
	www.olle.com /Demo/zhk.html (151 words)

	Extended Memory - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Extended Memory, in computer science, system memory beyond 1 megabyte (MB) in computers based on the Intel 80286/386/486 microprocessors.
		Expanded Memory, in computer science, on IBM PCs and compatible computers, a type of physical memory, up to 8 megabytes (MB), that can be added to...
		The approach of Gestalt psychology has been extended to research in areas as diverse as thinking, memory, and the nature of aesthetics.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Extended_Memory.html (116 words)

	Memory
		Memory chips therefore need to be operating at something like 20ns to keep up, assuming that the CPU needs only one clock cycle for each one from the memory bus; one internal cycle for each external one.
		Interleaved memory, which divides memory into two or four portions that process data alternately; that is, the CPU sends information to one section while another goes through a refresh cycle; a typical installation will have odd addresses on one side and even on the other (you can have word or block interleave).
		Memory addresses on a PC are 20 bits long, and are calculated by shifting the contents of a 16-bit register 4 bits to the left, and adding it to a 16-bit offset.
	burks.bton.ac.uk /burks/pcinfo/hardware/bios_sg/memory.htm (4233 words)

	5. Rabbit Memory Organization
		The 64K space is divided into zones and a memory mapping unit or MMU maps each zone to a block in a larger memory; the larger memory is 1 megabyte in the case of the Z180 or the Rabbit 2000.
		Extended memory in RAM may be used for large buffers to save root RAM space.
		Since root constants share the memory space needed for root code, as the memory needed for root constants increases, the amount of code that can be stored in root memory decreases, and code must be moved to extended memory.
	www.rabbitsemiconductor.com /documentation/docs/manuals/Rabbit2000/DesignersHandbook/4prog.htm (1730 words)

	extended memory
		Extended memory is not directly available in real mode, only through EMS, UMB, XMS, or HMA; only applications executing in protected mode can use extended memory directly.
		The memory is "protected" in the sense that memory assigned a local descriptor cannot be accessed by another program without causing a hardware trap.
		Having extended memory does not necessarily mean that you have more than one megabyte of memory since the reserved memory area may be partially empty.
	burks.bton.ac.uk /burks/foldoc/47/40.htm (224 words)

	eXtended Memory Specification (XMS), ver 3.0
		The memory pool reported on is the same as that reported on by the existing Query Free Extended Memory function.
		This function is similar to the existing Allocate Extended Memory, except that it uses a 32-bit instead of a 16-bit value to specify the amount of memory requested.
		This function is similar to the existing Reallocate Extended Memory, except that it uses a 32-bit instead of a 16-bit value to specify the amount of memory requested.
	freedos.sourceforge.net /freedos/news/press/1991-xms30.html (4596 words)

	[No title]
		Conventional Memory is the memory range between 0 and 640KB, which is directly accessible to DOS applications.
		Memory managers for the 80386 can map memory into the upper memory area so that TSRs can be loaded outside of the standard 640KB.
		There is a special area of exTENded memory, called the High Memory Area (HMA), which is the first 64KB of extended memory, which can be directly accessed from a DOS without the processor being in protected mode.
	www.textfiles.com /computers/dosmem.txt (1863 words)

	msdos memory types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Extended memory can only be accessed on 286-486 processor based machines running in protected mode of operation with more than 1MB of RAM.
		Peripheral cards often have memory on board, like video cards which have memory which hold the screen image, and a small ROM which hooks itself into the ROM BIOS to provide support for special displays (VGA display cards are a good example).
		As memory chips expanded in size, it became common for 2MB or 4MB of memory to be fitted to motherboards.
	goforit.unk.edu /msdos/msdos04.htm (1143 words)

	IntelligentERP
		Heap memory (that is, process local memory) and extended memory implemented as an anonymous memory mapped file (under Unix see the mmap manpage) don't use shared memory segments.
		Memory problems usually aren't related to a specific work process but rather to profile parameter settings that apply to all work processes of that type (for example, dialog) on the same instance.
		We know that background processes allocate their memory from the user's roll area and then from process local heap before using extended memory (which all users share), making them more appropriate for reports or programs that require large amounts of memory or have long run times.
	www.intelligententerprise.com /channels/applications/columns/archive/r3adm1.jhtml (2375 words)

	R/3 Extended Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		SAP R/3 Extended Memory is the core of the R/3 memory management system.
		You can map the Extended Memory from the common resource onto any work process, and after onto another process (see graphic) on the same address in the virtual address space.
		This Extended Memory is implemented as an unnamed mapped file.
	help.sap.com /saphelp_45b/helpdata/en/34/d9c8b3c23c11d188b40000e83539c3/content.htm (452 words)

	OM4 Extended Memory
		The INSTALL program will give you the option of installing the extended edition if it detects that your computer is a 386 or better and that you have extended memory available.
		It will run with less extended memory, but program load time will be quite long and you will not be able to print insurance or statements or do any other functions that require executing a second program from within OM (such as Report Writer, backup program, scheduler, etc.)
		Extended memory is shared among the programs you run under Windows.
	www.sosoft.com /fod/fod_221.htm (1155 words)

	Using the 32 bit Extended Version
		Installing both of these programs simultaneously results in no extended memory available for other application programs, regardless of the amount of extended memory that is not actually being used.
		However, memory allocated to the disk caching program is not available to extended memory versions of PSORT for sorting.
		If this memory cannot be made part of extended memory, it may best be assigned to RAM disks and disk caching programs thereby contributing to the performance of PSORT.
	rrsd.com /psort/dos/dos04.htm (818 words)

	The ABB Group: Extended Memory Option Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Extended Memory Option Board is an option board that can be purchased separately and added to ABB’s AIN ALPHA® Meter, extending the basic load profile storage from 32K to 128K.
		Load profile memory is installed in the meter’s basic memory or in the extended memory board.
		The extended memory board uses the super capacitor and battery of the AIN ALPHA meter to create a non–volatile data storage.
	www.abb.com /cawp/SEAPR035/0C064EC6662172F4852567EE0058FD5C.aspx (277 words)

	Memory Info
		The high memory area is referred to as HMA, or even simply as high memory.
		This area is the first of the extended memory.
		Extended memory is by definition, all memory above and beyond the 1 MB of
	www.atlascomm.net /willie/MemInfo.htm (660 words)

	Extended memory - TDS2020F Technical Manual
		Extended memory in the TDS2020F is any chip up to 512k bytes fitted in the 32-pin socket memory or mapped into the same space address hex 80000-FFFFF.
		When it outputs a logic 1 the on-board memory is enabled, and a logic 0 disables it.
		A 512k byte chunk of the total memory, which can be many megabytes in total, will be available at any one time.
	www.triangledigital.com /man2020f/ch2extended.htm (837 words)

	kbAlertz: (72112) - The MEM command reports 0 bytes available contiguous extended memory when another device driver or ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		reports 0 (zero) bytes as available contiguous extended memory with the MEM command (where is the initial cache size and is the minimum cache size).
		Available contiguous extended memory is the extended memory available for the interrupt 15h interface.
		This switch allocates a specified amount of extended memory (in kilobytes) for the interrupt 15h interface.
	www.kbalertz.com /kb_72112.aspx (592 words)

	Extended Memory (XMS)
		The first 64 KB or so of extended memory is the so-called high memory area (HMA) and is accessible in real mode due to the residual effects of a bug in the original Intel 80286, as described here.
		Note: Extended memory is different from expanded memory (EMS), which uses bank switching and a page frame in the upper memory area to access memory over 1 MB.
		In practical terms, extended memory is usually referred to as XMS and vice-versa, even though technically XMS is really a protocol for using extended memory.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/ram/logicXMS-c.html (478 words)

	An Overview of Memory Management
		Memory and the PC In the early days of personal computers, most machines could access only 64 KB of memory.
		The extra memory beyond the first megabyte is known as extended memory.
		Extended memory is only available for computers based on the 286 and later chips.
	qualitas.com /product/max/history.htm (1215 words)

	What is expanded memory? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Also known as EMS (Expanded Memory Specification), expanded memory is a technique for utilizing more than 1MB of main memory in DOS -based computers.
		Until the release of Microsoft Windows 3.0 in 1990, expanded memory was the preferred way to add memory to a PC.
		The alternative method, called extended memory, was less flexible and could be used only by special programs such as RAM disks.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/E/expanded_memory.html (277 words)

	Use of Extended Memory
		What good use can the extended memory of a computer can be put to, and if there are any print spoolers based on extended memory.
		The memory between 640 kB and 1 MB is reserved for system services such as BIOS, video memory, disk controllers, LAN adapters etc. It can not be generally used by application programs.
		Extended memory can be used by a small number of pro-grams only and therefore has limited applications.
	www.melbpc.org.au /pcupdate/9000/9004article5.htm (767 words)

	DOS Out-of-Memory
		Expanded memory was just a hack used on the 80286; it's no longer real, but can be faked using extended memory.
		Extended memory is all the rest of the memory on your computer except for the first 1MB.
		This is the memory area normally reserved for hardware, but not all of it will be in use, so the computer can make use of the 'holes'.
	www.footslog.com /articles/Software/sof0005.htm (601 words)

	A+ Core Hardware Study Guide: Memory
		The speed of the memory that you install in your system must be at least as fast as the speed that the system is running on.
		High Memory Area(HMA) is the first 64K of extended memory.
		Virtual Memory is the ability for the computer to use free hard drive space as extra memory.
	www.mcmcse.com /comptia/aplus/notes/memory.shtml (485 words)

	Extended Memory Specification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		XMS or Extended Memory Specification is the specification describing the use of IBM PC extended memory in real mode for storing data (but not executable code).
		Memory is made available by extended memory manager (XMM) software.
		The XMM functions are accessible through interrupt 2FH.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extended_Memory_Specification (104 words)

	Determing the amount of available extended memory. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is a result of the method used by memory managers and other applications accessing/using extended.
		When extended memory is allocated an application will usually hook the int 15h and monitor calls to function 88H; the new interrupt handler will only return the memory that it is not use by the application.
		The correct and most direct method to get the amount of extended memory installed on a given machine is to go thru the CMOS.
	community.borland.com /article/0,1410,16260,0.html (342 words)

	Announcing Extended Memory Speed 150MHz CAS-2 DIMMs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Corsair Memory, Inc., an industry leader in high density DRAM Dual In-Line Memory Modules (DIMMs) has announced that it is now offering Extended Memory Speed ("XMS") DIMMs, supporting clock frequencies of 150 MHz with a CAS Latency of only two cycles.
		Extended Memory Speed modules go beyond the performance dictated by industry-standard specifications such as PC100 and PC133.
		The additional speed provides additional performance margin in standard configurations, and provides the ultimate in fast memory for enthusiasts who want to squeeze the maximum possible performance out of their hardware.
	www.corsairmemory.com /corsair/pr/PR_xms150.html (266 words)

	Extended Memory
		In addition, there is a useful function that determines the total amount of physical memory installed on the system in protected mode.
		It is not a trivial task to obtain the amount of physical memory installed on a machine running in an environment with virtual memory management enabled since the VMM generally includes the size of the disk swap file when asked to supply the total amount of memory.
		Likewise, the extended memory manager may only manage a part of the physical memory and will report only that portion under its control.
	members.shaw.ca /lwhaynes/c/exmem.html (267 words)

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