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Topic: Extensive farming

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	Fish farming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cost of inputs per unit of fish weight is higher than in extensive farming, especially because of the high cost of fish food, which must contain a much higher level of protein (up to 60%) than, e.g., cattle food and a balanced amino acid composition as well.
		The European eel is threatened with extinction because of the excessive catch of glass eels by Spanish fishermen and overfishing of adult eels in, e.g., the Dutch IJsselmeer, Netherlands.
		Some studies have shown that farmed salmon have a low survival rate in the wild because they are used to being fed. Throughout the 20th century, millions of Atlantic salmon were released throughout the west coast of the United States and Canada in an attempt to establish recreational and commercial fisheries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fish_farming (2074 words)

	Extensive farming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Extensive farming (as opposed to Intensive farming) is an agricultural production system over a vast area of land, such as the Great Plains.
		Unlike intensive farming, which must use chemical fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators and pesticides to produce a large proportion of crop per unit area to cover the costs of high property value, extensive farming is practised on low-cost land and so doesn't require chemical stimulants.
		Extensive farming most commonly refers to cereal cultivation and cattle farming in the Interior Plains and the Canadian prairies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extensive_farming (178 words)

	An Overview of Production Techniques Practiced in the Australian Crayfish Farming Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Extensive farming tends to be somewhat opportunistic, relying on access to semi natural water sources (ie water periodically pooling on privately owned land) or utilising a pre-existing water resource (ie farm dams).
		Another factor impeding intensive crayfish farming systems is the fact that crayfish derive a major proportion of their diet from ecological pathways operating within the pond system and essential components of the crayfish diet have proven difficult to replicate in an artificial environment (Morrissy, 1984).
		Farms should be designed in compact and systematic fashion in order to minimise construction costs (ie earthworks, predator netting, fencing and pipes) and maximise the efficiency of routine operations and travel (ie proximity of ponds to office, post-harvest facilities, equipment and storage facilities).
	www.natfish.tafensw.edu.au /industryinfo/ProductionTechniques.htm (3591 words)

	ACES Publications : ANR-0987
		Shrimp farming in the U.S. is concentrated in the south of Texas and in South Carolina.
		Extensive farming usually requires large ponds and a lot of acreage while intensive farming is done in smaller ponds of 1 to 10 acres.
		The farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine organisms.
	www.aces.edu /pubs/docs/A/ANR-0987 (1225 words)

	Farming Systems and Poverty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The farming system is dominated by transhumant pastoralism and characterised by mixed herds of camels, cattle, sheep and goats extensively grazing native pasture.
		On-farm deterioration in the quality of rice for sale, due to poor post-harvest management practices and inadequate storage conditions, is very significant in many areas and leads to reduced revenues from crop sales.
		Farms are expected to diversify to meet this shift in food demand, and this change may be accelerated if world prices for cereals continue to decline.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/Y1860E/y1860e08.htm (15292 words)

	EFNCP Occasional Publication No. 22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The ecological and conservation value of extensive cattle-rearing are discussed, illustrating the importance of developing mechanisms for maintaining extensive and dynamic grazing systems, rather than the trend for tightly controlled systems characterised by many small compartments and high overall grazing pressure.
		The farmland of Mull and Islay is typified by a mix of upland and coastal grassland, cropped land, moorland, heath, marsh, scrub and woodland.
		This raises a fundamental contradiction because generally biodiversity is highest on "low-intensity" farms with low inputs and low outputs, and where farming practices are to a greater degree shaped by the constraints of the natural environment (Bignal and McCracken 1996).
	www.efncp.org /pubs/op22.html (4007 words)

	Framework for modelling grazing livestock farming in Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Extensive grazing systems, of the type found in many upland and montane areas in Europe, play an important role in maintaining the landscape and the ecosystems on which they rely.
		In extensive systems, the farmland is dominated by communities of indigenous or semi-natural plant and if divided into fields or paddocks, these are sufficiently large to permit animals substantial choices of graze and browse.
		The structure of the framework relating to the extensive system is determined by the presence of complex plant communities, the lack of knowledge of their ecology and the freedom of animals to choose between communities when grazing.
	www.efita.dk /EUNITA/H/webreport1.asp (1844 words)

	1.8. Influence of Freeland of the Third Class on Rent and Wages
		Let us suppose that, with the usual extensive farming methods of the district, 12 men are needed to cultivate 100 acres of land, and that the harvest amounts to 600 tons, that is, 50 tons for every man and 6 tons per acre.
		Out of the tension thus arising rent is born, and the degree of this tension (a matter of experience) determines the distribution of the farm produce between rent and wages.
		By extensive cultivation we mean that form of agriculture in which all the labour offering itself must be employed in order to cultivate the whole of the area available, no matter what the method of cultivation may be, hunting, cattle grazing, three-field system, marsh culture, or present-day comparatively well-developed farming.
	www.systemfehler.de /en/neo/part1/8.htm (741 words)

	APDRA Association
		The debate whether to recommend intensive or extensive fish farming to farmers in sub-Saharan Africa has been quite often addressed and is part of the debate of the future orientation of agriculture in general, understanding that fish farming is part of agriculture development.
		The various types of fish farming accessible to farmers in rural or peri-urban areas in developing countries are essentially fish farming in earthen ponds, in irrigated rice fields, in dams and reservoirs, in pen or cages.
		This means that fish farming should be within the farmer's capacity - understood as the farmer's household and not as the male or female heading the farming household, i.e.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /apdra-f.com/forum1.htm (2785 words)

	Myanmar aquaculture and inland fisheries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Such extensive shrimp farming practices, producing 100 kg shrimp/ha/year still dominate the shrimp culture sector, due to investment constraints, although intensive practices are gradually being adopted in some coastal areas.
		The farm is at Mawtonegyi in Kyunsu Township.
		The large farms that are common are a significant barrier to entry and should be reduced by farm size and ensuring security of land tenure.
	www.fao.org /docrep/004/ad497e/ad497e05.htm (15906 words)

	Typology of dairy cattle farming systems in the Gharb irrigated perimeter, Morocco
		The characterisation of dairy farming systems in the Gharb irrigated perimeter, located in the north-western plains of Morocco, was achieved through regular enquiries of seventy farms, during 2000/2001 agricultural campaign.
		With a large amount of farms grouped under the category of smallholders with less than 5 ha and 6 cows (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the present typology), real efforts could be done to help those farms to cope with land scarcity and reduced know-how in forages production.
		The State farms example is profitable, and it can be considered like a peak of intensification of dairy practices under Moroccan conditions (drought six months per year, insufficient forages), because of the amount of facilities they use (concentrates at cheap prices and important technical supervision).
	www.cipav.org.co /lrrd/lrrd17/1/sra17012.htm (4683 words)

	Shrimp Culture in Thailand
		The number of farms has increased rapidly in recent years, and there are now over 20,000, employing 100,000 people (Tavarutmanakeel and Tookwinas 1995).
		Intensive shrimp farming began mainly in the upper Gulf of Thailand, south of Bangkok, in areas previously devoted to extensive aquaculture and salt pans.
		Fig 3 shows the type of land which has been converted for intensive shrimp farming, and fig 4 shows conversion for extensive farming, based on a comprehensive survey conducted in 1994.
	www.geocities.com /nsamphan/SCulture.htm (2616 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The identification of successful everyday farming practices and quantification of the business benefits of a flexible approach to whole farm management will allow farmers to raise their game to meet new environmental requirements and standards.
		Support for farming in England’s LFAs has therefore focussed on extensive beef and sheep farming which is the predominant land use in the uplands and LFAs.
		We would suggest a pragmatic approach with the farm taking the rules from the country in which it has the majority holding. If, on the other hand, there is an equal entitlement, the farmers should be invited to make the choice of which way to jump but having jumped he should then abide by it.
	www.nationalsheep.org.uk /responses/HFA'review'14'08'03.htm (10398 words)

	BBC - Education Scotland - Higher Bitesize Revision - Geography - Human - Rural: Revision 2
		Extensive commercial farming is carried out in the Great Plains of the USA and in the Prairie Provinces of Canada.
		As population in the area has decreased since it was originally settled, many farms have been amalgamated into much bigger units and lots of farmhouses have been abandoned.
		Large farms generating large profits require large corporations to payroll the cost of expensive machinery and technology.
	www.bbc.co.uk /scotland/education/bitesize/higher/geography/human/rural2_rev.shtml (337 words)

	Agro-ecological Zones for Zimbabwe
		The farming systems are therefore based on both livestock (assisted by the production of fodder crops) and cash crops.
		The farming is based on livestock and drought resistant fodder crops.
		Extensive cattle or game ranching is the only sound farming system for this region.
	www.fas.usda.gov /pecad/highlights/2004/06/zimbabwe/images/AEZ_zimababwe.htm (322 words)

	Sunflower cultivation under Italian conditions, Italy, Production
		The constraint of extensive farming is the yield per hectare.
		With the low input levels associated with the extensive farming method, the energy gain may increase due to the low energy and costs.
		This effect is caused by the deep and extensive root system of the plant, which allows sunflower to respond positively to unfavourable condictions like low water supply or a low fertilisation level.
	www.eeci.net /archive/biobase/B10578.html (934 words)

	Farming on the edge: the nature of traditional farmland in Europe. Proceedings of the Fourth European Forum on Nature ...
		Farming on the edge: the nature of traditional farmland in Europe.
		Home > Topics > Publications catalogue > Land use > Farming > Farming on the edge: the nature of traditional farmland in Europe.
		24 papers and six 'poster papers', including examples of extensive farming systems in Italy, wildlife conservation, and the value of traditional Russian farmland.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2733 (151 words)

	Country News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		According to the sources in the DAE a total of 59,990 hectares of land have been brought under the cultivation programme with a production target of 1,34,977 metric tons of wheat.
		In view of the successful implementation of this programme DAE distributed huge quantities of seeds and fertilisers among the flood-affected small and marginal farmers of this region under the agriculture rehabilitation programme.
		While visiting different areas of Bhola Sadar upazila farmers told this correspondent that due to the shortage of seeds wheat farming was being hampered seriously.
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/dec/30/30122004ct.htm (3344 words)

	[No title]
		Farming - Why farming takes place, difference between intensive and extensive farming and the changes that have taken place, problems of overproduction and pollution.
		Farming the rainforest Summer RAINFOREST (Contd) 10.
		Practical - fauna count 1 metre squared - fauna and flora count 7.
	website.lineone.net /~coulsdonhighschool/parents/guides/doc/gg7.doc (270 words)

	EFNCP Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ecological effects of changes in mixed farming on the Hebridean island of Tiree (Scotland) between 1960 and 1997.
		Farming on the Edge: the Nature of Traditional Farmland in Europe (Proceedings of the Fourth European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism, 2-4 November 1994, Trujillo, Spain).
		Farming and birds in Europe: the Common Agricultural Policy and its implications for bird conservation.
	www.efncp.org /publns.html (2586 words)

	Fleximas - metal filter products, commercial net and mesh supplier, chemical filtration, mineral fillers, polypropylene ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Established in 2001, Fleximas specialises in supplying commercial nets and mesh to the agricultural, floricultural, extensive farming, professional gardening, landscaping and forest farming and aquaculture industries.
		From protective nets for plants and trees to bird control mesh, Fleximas not only supply the highest quality products but also provide technical and functional expertise to assist customers to develop programmes that will best suit their requirements.
		Fleximas, through its extensive network is also able to supply a range of traditional metal filter products Quality materials Fleximas is the distributor in the UK, Ireland and New Zealand for Intermas
	www.flexibulk.co.uk /fleximas_web/fleximas.html (168 words)

	Farming on the web - Stackyard
		The Agriservices section contains Auction Marts, Farm Cottage Holidays, Livestock Photographers, Agricultural Consultants, Working Dogs, Livestock Genetics and Software amongst others.
		Pedigree Aberdeen Angus, Limousin, Highland, Hereford, Charolais and Red Angus cattle breeders now have their own pages, with more breeds to come.
		Cattle associations, sheep societies, pedigree livestock registries, pig farms, llama and alpaca breeders
	www.stackyard.com (365 words)

	The Beginning of Organic Fish Farming in Italy
		Moreover, over recent years marine fish farm profitability has been reduced because of competition from imported products.
		The latter has been estimated using survey-data of 6,877 consumers by means of a questionnaire-interview carried out during an experimental organic marine fish promotion sale.
		Results show that organic marine fish farming could be a good market opportunity for some Italian fish farmers by improving consumer information on organic products, adopting a supply concentration strategy at the farm level and carefully managing semi-extensive-farming set up by proposed regulations.
	ideas.repec.org /p/fem/femwpa/2003.65.html (274 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		You expect everything you plant to grow and produce a lot.
		intensive farming is found in Central and Eastern Canada
		You use an open field, a large area.
	www22.brinkster.com /herz2004/geography/geo09.html (76 words)

	Re: wildlife as farm produce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Using native sheep and cattle in a low-input extensive system has
		caging, extensive use of chemical feed supplements, etc. I hope you will
		Please contact RuralNet Support at support@ruralnet.org.uk or 01203 696986 for more details.
	www.ruralnet.org.uk /wildlife/B2FFD8C5-017D78A4-0011F88E (249 words)

	Alternative Agriculture-Related Internet Sites and Documents
		Specialty and Minor Crops Handbook (University of California Small Farm Program) Selected profiles from the 2nd edition.
		Agroecology and Organic Farming (Welsh Institute of Rural Studies) Includes European Organic Farm Statistics
		Whole Farm Planning (Sponsored by The Minnesota Project and the GL Whole Farm Planning Network)
	www.nal.usda.gov /afsic/afslinks.htm (971 words)

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