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Topic: Extensive form game

	Extensive form game - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An extensive form game is a specification of a game in game theory.
		In extensive form, an information set is indicated by a dotted line connecting all nodes in that set or sometimes by a loop drawn around all the nodes in that set.
		In this game, if nature selects t1 as player 1's type, the game played will be like the very first game described, except that player 2 does not know it (and the very fact that this cuts through his information sets disqualify it from subgame status).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extensive_form_game (2272 words)

	PlanetMath: extensive form game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A game in extensive form is one that can be represented as a tree, where each node corresponds to a choice by one of the players.
		Formally, an extensive form game is a set of nodes together with a function for each non-terminal node.
		This is version 2 of extensive form game, born on 2002-07-24, modified 2004-06-21.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/ExtensiveFormGame.html (220 words)

	Game theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic situations where players choose different actions in an attempt to maximize their returns.
		Normal form is used to represent simultaneous games, and extensive form is used to represent sequential ones.
		Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the 1950s, during which time the concepts of the core, the extensive form game, fictitious play, repeated games, and the Shapley value were developed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Game_theory (3755 words)

	Normal form game - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It differs from the extensive form in that it is not graphical per se, but it can be of greater use in identifying strictly dominated strategies and Nash equilibria.
		In short, the normal form representation is nothing but a tabular representation of the game (usually for two player games only), where all strategies of each player are listed exclusively and payoffs of all players corresponding to each strategy profile is also depicted in the same table.
		For example, in the game matrix on the left if a payoff is emboldened, it means that player whose payoff it is has a best response to the corresponding strategy played by the other player by playing that strategy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Normal_form_game (870 words)

	[No title]
		A simple game is one in which the players engage in the game with a single known payoff at the end.
		We could get technical and say that the game is finite, because the players will die, but the players engaged in the game unconcerned with how it turns out because they expect it to go forever, as far as they are concerned.
		One could argue that the game is a finite extensive form game because it is limited by the child’s age (e.g.
	www.crnjapan.com /foreign_law/usa/en/game_theory_in_family_law.html (6261 words)

	Game theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Game theory saw substantial growth during the [[Cold War]] because of its application to military strategy, most notably to the concept of [[mutually assured destruction]].
		Informally, in non-zero-sum games, a gain by one player does not necessarily correspond with a loss by another.It is possible to transform any game into a zero-sum game by adding an additional dummy player (often called "the board"), whose losses compensate the players' net winnings.
		This equilibrium is sufficiently general, allowing for the analysis of [[non-cooperative game]]s in addition to cooperative ones.Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the [[1950s]], during which time the concepts of the [[core (economics)core]], the [[extensive form game]], [[fictitious play]], [[repeated game]]s, and the [[Shapley value]] were developed.
	gametheory.quickseek.com (3029 words)

	Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Encyclopedia Article @ NaturalResearch.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In game theory, the prisoner's dilemma is a type of non-zero-sum game in which two players try to get rewards from a banker by cooperating with or betraying the other player.
		In this game, as in many others, it is assumed that the primary concern of each individual player ("prisoner") is self-regarding; i.e., trying to maximise his own advantage, with less concern for the well-being of the other players.
		This approach was never tried in the game; it's possible that the judges might not allow it, and that even if they did, inequity aversion would produce a lower expected payoff from using the tactic.
	www.naturalresearch.org /encyclopedia/Iterated_prisoner%27s_dilemma (5351 words)

	Game Theory Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Extensive Form: A convention for representing a game.
		Game in Characteristic Function Form: When a game is represented by its characteristic function it is said to be in characteristic function form.
		In the graph of a game in extended form, the payoffs are usually written at the terminal nodes.
	www.economics.laurentian.ca /Strategic_Think.27/Modules/Course_Schedule.98/dictionary2.htm (5354 words)

	Game Theory
		Game theory assumes that one has opponents who are adjusting their strategies according to what they believe everybody else is doing.
		In games having more than two rows or problems, one may find it useful to identify one option that is always better or worse than another option, in other words, that dominates or is dominated by another option.
		The extensive form representation can be collapsed into the normal form, which encodes the game into a strategy that describes the action to take for each conceivable situation (for example, for each information set).
	www.quickmba.com /econ/micro/gametheory (1488 words)

	Extensive form games with coalitional actions
		As the theory of coalitional games is very successful in the analysis of one-period economies, it seems natural to extend it to sequential situations in order to enable a game theoretic analysis of sequential economies.
		If an outcome of a static coalitional game is supported by a backward induction solution of the corresponding extensive form given in Example 2.3, then this outcome is a core outcome.
		If all subgames of a coalitional game have nonempty cores, then every core outcome of the static game can be supported by a backward induction solution of the extensive form given in Example 2.3.
	www.nirdagan.com /research/199502 (3765 words)

	Extensive form games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Permitting outcomes to appear at non-terminal nodes makes it easier to construct trees where a stage game is repeated, with the supergame payoffs being the sum of the stage game payoffs earned.
		This dialog is used to add a move to the extensive form game, and is accessed through the {\bf Edit->Node->AddMove} or {\bf Edit->Node->InsertMove} menu items in the extensive form GUI.
		Extensive form games can be exported to other formats for use with other applications.
	econweb.tamu.edu /gambit/manual-0.97.1.0/gui.efg.html (1071 words)

	Evolutionary Dynamics and Extensive Form Games - The MIT Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most dynamic analyses of evolutionary games are based on their normal forms, despite the fact that many interesting games are specified more naturally through their extensive forms.
		Because every extensive form game has a normal form representation, some theorists hold that the best way to analyze an extensive form game is simply to ignore the extensive form structure and study the game in its normal form representation.
		It lays the foundation for the analysis of specific extensive form models of behavior and for the further theoretical study of extensive form evolutionary games.
	mitpress.mit.edu /catalog/item?ttype=2&tid=9580 (343 words)

	Data types
		The extensive form and normal form types, and their related types, are detailed later in special sections.
		It is generally encouraged to label various elements of games in the command language for ease of identification; however it is not required.
		The data type EFG is used to represent an extensive form game.
	econweb.tamu.edu /gambit/doc/manual-0.97.0.6/x456.html (1547 words)

	Intentionality detection and "mindreading": Why does game form matter? -- McCabe et al. 97 (8): 4404 -- Proceedings of ...
		Comparisons of behavior in the normal and extensive forms of various games have been made most notably in refs.
		When the game is repeated in a series of trials with an unknown end point, we expect cooperation to increase in both games.
		These data support the hypothesis that move information is used in the extensive form game to inform subjects' theory-of-mind reasoning about the intentions of their counterpart.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/8/4404 (4579 words)

	Extensive Form - Game Theory .net
		The extensive form (also called a game tree) is a graphical representation of a sequential game.
		The game tree consists of nodes (or vertices), which are points at which players can take actions, connected by edges, which represent the actions that may be taken at that node.
		Each terminal node is labeled with the payoffs earned by each player if the game ends at that node.
	www.gametheory.net /Dictionary/ExtensiveForm.html (160 words)

	4.2: Strategies in Extensive-Form Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We define a strategy for a player in an extensive-form game as a specification for each of her information sets of the (pure or mixed) action she would take at that information set.
		We incorporate uncertain exogenous events into the extensive form by introducing Nature as a nonstrategic player who acts randomly.
		However, we show that, in extensive-form games satisfying perfect recall, mixed and behavior strategies can be used interchangeably in a precise sense.
	www.virtualperfection.com /gametheory/Section4.2.html (242 words)

	Causal Assessment in Finite Extensive-form Games
		Two finite extensive-form games are empirically equivalent when the empirical distribution on action profiles generated by every behavior strategy in one can also be generated by an appropriately chosen behavior strategy in the other.
		The central idea is to relate a game's information structure to the conditional independencies in the empirical distributions it generates.
		We present a new analytical device, the influence opportunity diagram of a game, describe how such a diagram is constructed for a given extensive-form game, and demonstrate that it provides a complete summary of the information needed to test empirical equivalence between two games.
	ideas.repec.org /p/upf/upfgen/483.html (233 words)

	Extensive Form Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This module is designed to give you practice in solving extensive form games using backwards induction.
		For each game you are asked to choose the optimal choice of Player 1 at the root node.
		But don't worry, if you get it wrong you can see what the right path was by clicking on each branch.
	www.mbs.edu /home/jgans/games/exten.html (55 words)

	PlanetMath: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		exact differential form (=exact (differential form)) owned by bwebste
		exact form (=exact (differential form)) owned by bwebste
		extensive form (in extensive form game) owned by Henry
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/E (1826 words)

	extensive form - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "extensive form" is defined.
		extensive form : Game Theory Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include extensive form: extensive form game
	www.onelook.com /?w=extensive+form&ls=a (78 words)

	ComLabGames - software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Our software is for instructors and students to design, run, and analyze the outcomes of games played over the Internet.
		These two modules are for designing games to conduct experiments with human subjects over the Internet for learning about strategic behavior through personal experience and data analysis.
		They are suitable for use in high school and college courses, research laboratories for experimental economists and psychologists, as well as within strategic consulting groups.
	www.comlabgames.com (115 words)

	SSRN-Friend-Or-Foe Intentionality Priming In An Extensive Form Trust Game by Terence Burnham, Kevin McCabe, Vernon Smith
		In a laboratory experiment, we use an extensive form two person trust game to examine the hypothesis that human subjects have a preconscious friend-or-foe (FOF) mental mechanism for evaluating the intentions of another person.
		Instructions are used to weakly prime the FOF state: instead of the term "counterpart" for referring to the person that an individual is matched with, we substitute the word "partner" in one treatment, "opponent" in the other.
		To order a membership to an SSRN Network or to subscribe to one or more of SSRN's journals, go to our online subscription request form.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=251388 (265 words)

	George Mason University School of Law: Faculty: Faculty Publications
		“The Impact of Exchange Context on the Activation of Equity in Ultimatum Games,” with Elizabeth Hoffman and Vernon Smith, 3(1) Experimental Economics 5-9 (2000).
		“Friend-or-Foe Intentionality Priming in an Extensive Form Trust Game,” with Terry Burnham and Vernon Smith, 43 Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations 57-73 (2000).
		“The Impact of Exchange Context on the Activation of Equity in Ultimatum Games,” with Elizabeth Hoffman and Kevin McCabe, Experimental Economics 3(1), pp.
	www.law.gmu.edu /faculty/publications.php (11347 words)

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