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Topic: Extensor muscle

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	Extensor Brevis
		Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis Flaps
		The extensor brevis tendon insertions are identified and transected.
		The extensor digitorum brevis as a muscle island flap.
	www.microsurgeon.org /extensor_brevis.htm (1021 words)

	Muscle Tissue and Muscles
		These include the skeletal muscles which are under voluntary control and are made of striated muscle tissue, the visceral muscles which are under involuntary control and are made of smooth muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue which is found only in the heart.
		After a muscle contracts, ATP (produced in the muscle cells’ mitochondria) is needed to relax the muscle and return the actin and myosin filaments to their normal positions.
		Muscle contraction is initiated when an electrical impulse from a nerve cell reaches its associated muscle cell(s), causing positively- and negatively-charged ions to switch places all along the muscle cell (fiber).
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio105/muscles.htm (1373 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		This muscle acts with the abductor pollicis brevis during abduction of the thumb and with the extensor pollicis brevis during extension of this digit.
		with the tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis.
		This is a narrow, elongated muscle that lies medial to and alongside the extensor pollicis longus.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/mmforarm.htm (1746 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In each of these eccentric/concentric contraction cycles of the extensor muscles that occurs while the foot is in contact with the ground, the highest forces in the muscles are produced during the eccentric contraction phase.
		Other mechanical factors that contribute to the induction of micro-injury in muscles are the velocity of lengthening of the eccentric contractions and the initial length of the muscle prior to performance of the eccentric contraction.
		For example, if a larger muscle mass were activated to produce a given force across a joint, it follows that the specific forces in the active motor units would be reduced, which in turn would be expected to reduce the potential for injury in the muscle.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Muscle_micro_injury.doc (2269 words)

	Dissector Answers - Leg
		Muscles of the deep posterior compartment assist the muscles of the superficial compartment in plantar flexion and inversion of the foot at the ankle, but their important functions are elsewhere.
		Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle.
		The deep fibular nerve serves the tibialis anterior muscle, the extensor digitorum longus muscle, the extensor hallucis longus muscle, and the fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/leg_ans.html (2497 words)

	Skeletal muscles
		A muscle which bends an appendage at a joint, causing a limb to flex is called the flexor muscle.
		The biceps is an example of a flexor muscle, whereas the triceps is an example of an extensor muscle.
		Movement of the levers is possibe because of joints and the contraction of muscles which are attached to the levers.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /Sci_Ed/grade10/manphys/skel_mus.htm (1255 words)

	Flexor lever system
		The lump is absolutely crucial for the jump, because it enables the weak flexor muscle to hold the tibia flexed against the strong extensor muscle during the energy build-up.
		This further increases the ability of the flexor muscle to hold the tibia flexed against the strong extensor muscle.
		This means that the extensor muscle "wins" against the flexor muscle and the tibia starts to extend before sufficient energy has been stored in the springs.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~wjh/jumping/flexor.htm (456 words)

	Research and Publications
		The extensor digitorum muscle flap is a well-studied and commonly used vascularized flap in orthopaedic and plastic surgery literature.
		The muscle with its attached calcaneal or cuboid origin may be elevated fairly easily by stripping subperiosteally across the dorsum of the foot.
		The muscle will retain its perfusion via retrograde blood flow through the lateral tarsal artery and anastomotic network.47 By adequately releasing the muscle from the dorsum of the foot and cutting the epimysium when necessary, the graft can be pivoted and inserted relatively easily into a talar body.
	footandankle.mdmercy.com /research_pubs/pressItem79.html (3188 words)

	Zill Lab NSF Research
		The extensor also shows elevated activity in the stance phase of walking when body load is tonically increased by attaching weights to the thorax.
		The extensor fires earlier in the swing phase and bursts are terminated early in stance in both recordings.
		In slow walking, discharges of the slow extensor were similar to those seen in freely moving animals but firing often accelerated during a burst (due to increased resistance of the supported bar).
	medix.marshall.edu /~zill/Projects2005.htm (2644 words)

	eMedicine - Hand, Tendon Transfers : Article by Philip E Higgs, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is a common complication secondary to a distal radial fracture.
		Zancolli-type lasso of A-1 pulley by the superficialis.
		Flexor reconstruction in a tetraplegic patient using a extensor carpi radialis longus to flexor digitorum profundus transfer and a pronator teres to flexor pollicis longus transfer along with a split flexor pollicis longus transfer to stabilize the interphalangeal joint.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic356.htm (8285 words)

	Physical and functional measures related to low back pain in individuals with lower-limb amputation: An exploratory ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because of the prevalence of LBP after amputation, it is important to investigate possible causes, such as biomechanical changes secondary to the amputation, including muscle imbalances thought to be common in individuals after amputation and changes in gait patterns secondary to the use of a lower-limb prosthesis [14-20].
		We chose muscles that function in the sagittal plane of motion for this study, because they have been shown to be important in gait after LLA [18,24] and in the development of lumbar lordosis [7].
		Increased pain was also associated with greater iliopsoas muscle length and participants with an amputation of longer than 5 years had greater iliopsoas muscle length as compared to those with amputations of less than 5 years ago.
	www.vard.org /jour/05/42/2/friel.html (3631 words)

	Dental Mirrors
		Muscle activity was measured while grasping various dental hygiene mirrors in 30-second increments using sEMG.
		In phase II, padding (p=.01) demonstrated the largest reduction of muscle activity in the flexor pollicis brevis, by decreasing mean muscle activity by 3.7 microv.
		The interaction of diameter and weight (p=.01) in phase I reduced the mean muscle activity in the extensor digitorum by.8 microV and weight (p=.02) in phase II decreased the muscle activity in the extensor digitorum by.62 microV.
	www.dentistry-today.com /Dental-Mirrors.html (718 words)

	Lab Manual - Forearm & Wrist
		Identify the extensor and flexor compartments of the forearm and hand, the nerve and vessels supplying their contents, and the functional significance of the included muscles.
		Separate the superficial muscles of extensors and flexors as related to the extensor retinaculum and the palmar carpal ligament.
		On the extensor side of the forearm, separate and dissect the superficial extensor muscles.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/forearm.html (1489 words)

	Exercise-induced muscle injury augments forearm vascular resistance during leg exercise -- Ray et al. 275 (2): 443 -- ...
		Muscle injury was elicited by eccentric exercise of the
		The increased CSA of the injured muscle with an elevated
		Muscle injury is associated with muscle edema (8, 28).
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/H443 (3366 words)

	Extensor digitorum muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Extensor digitorum communis arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, by the common tendon; from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles, and from the antibrachial fascia.
		The tendon to the index finger is accompanied by the Extensor indicis proprius, which lies on its ulnar side.
		On the back of the hand, the tendons to the middle, ring, and little fingers are connected by two obliquely placed bands, one from the third tendon passing downward and lateralward to the second tendon, and the other passing from the same tendon downward and medialward to the fourth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extensor_digitorum_muscle (336 words)

	PT: Bilateral Peak Torque of the Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscles in Elite and Amateur Male Soccer Players
		The purpose of this study was to examine the peak torque and strength balance in the extensor and flexor muscle groups, as well as the hamstring to quadriceps (H/Q) ratios on the right and left limbs in soccer players with different conditioning levels.
		Muscle strength measurements were performed one month before the end of the competition season in both groups.
		According to Moffroid and his associates (1969), the peak torque of the quadriceps is approximately twice that of the hamstring muscles, due to a greater muscular mass and irrespective of the angular velocity.
	www.ejmas.com /pt/2005pt/ptart_zakas_0805.html (4079 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		This group of muscles arises from or in line with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, which is known as the common extensor attachment.
		The superficial flexor muscles all arise from a common tendon attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, known as the common flexor attachment.
		The remaining nine muscles are all extensors and are all innervated by the radial nerve.
	info.med.yale.edu /anatomy/notes/upper-limb6-4.html (744 words)

	The Motor System
		Muscle spindle is a sensory receptor that is activated by stretch.
		The muscle spindle has a fusiform shape and is arranged in parallel with extrafusal fibers (the skeletal muscle fibers that mediate contraction of the muscle).
		Thus activation of the gamma motor neuron prevents the muscle spindle from slackening during shortening of the extrafusal fibers i.e.
	www.bioweb.uncc.edu /humanphys/motor.htm (2329 words)

	Extensor muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An extensor muscle is any skeletal muscle that opens a joint increasing the angle between components of a limb, such as straightening the knee or elbow and bending the wrist or spine.
		With the exception of the knee joint the movement is directed backward.
		The type of muscle that has the opposite effect is the flexor muscle, which closes a joint, decreasing the angle between limb components.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extensor_muscle (123 words)

	What is Extensor Muscle - General Term
		Please e-mail us your “Extensor Muscle” changes, additions, or website resource links to info(@)alsforums.com.
		Additions to this resource must be directly related to Extensor Muscle.
		Any muscle that causes the straightening of a limb or other part.
	www.alsforums.com /definitions/extensor-muscle.html (53 words)

	Sect. 8, Ch. 3: The Clasp Knife Phenomenon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This phenomenon, sometimes called a reflex, is produced by stretching an extensor muscle against a background of increased extensor muscle tone.
		The "reflex" is assessed by passively flexing a patient's limb, at the knee or elbow, an action that passively extends the extensor muscles.
		With continued application of force, a point is reached where the resistance gives way, the extensor muscles now lengthening easily.
	www.lib.mcg.edu /edu/eshuphysio/program/section8/8ch3/s8ch3_21.htm (250 words)

	Contribution of Force Feedback to Ankle Extensor Activity in Decerebrate Walking Cats -- Donelan and Pearson 92 (4): ...
		from the ankle extensor muscles (Grillner and Rossignol 1978
		The magnitude of burst activity in ipsilateral vastus lateralis (VL), a knee extensor, and iliopsoas (IP), a hip flexor, was not substantially influenced by the magnitude of burst activity in MG.
		Ankle extensor group I afferents excite extensors throughout the hindlimb during fictive locomotion in the cat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/4/2093 (7653 words)

	PT Central - Complete Muscle Tables for the Human Body
		Included is each muscle's origin, insertion, action, blood supply and innervation.
		Select here to print the Hosford Muscle Tables in a compact table form.
		Once in a region, you will be able to focus further on the muscles of that region.
	www.ptcentral.com /muscles (192 words)

	Extensor Muscles - Carpal Tunnel Treatment Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While not normally associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, the extensor muscles, located on the top of the arm, are a major factor in wrist pain and limited range-of-motion.
		The extensor muscles start at the elbow, run along the top of our forearm, and insert on the the carpal bones at the top of your hand and at the fingertips.
		When these muscles are tight, they cause pain at the wrist.
	www.aboutcts.com /extensor_muscles.html (226 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Extensor muscle - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Extensor muscle: a skeletal muscle whose contraction extends or stretches a body part
		Terms that may be interchangeable with Extensor muscle:
		The following list attempts to classify Extensor muscle into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/extensor_muscle.htm (194 words)

	Rock Climbing Forums: Climbing Information: Technique & Training: Extensor muscle training?
		I heard at the gym that it is important to exercise the opposite of the muscles used for climbing.
		Thus, since mostly flexors (biceps, etc) are used for climbing is it important to do push-ups as part of climbing routine?
		Exercising the extensors is mostly a matter of preventing injury..
	www.rockclimbing.com /cgi-bin/forum/gforum.cgi?post=545736 (152 words)

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