Extent (file systems)

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Topic: Extent (file systems)

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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)

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	2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies — Technical Paper
		This is different from file systems that use a pre-determined extent size-VxFS is one example of such a file system [20].
		All file systems are formatted with a block size of 16 KB and a fragment size of 2 KB (both are defaults under FreeBSD 4.5).
		Traditional file systems translate a logical block number to its corresponding physical block numbers using file-specific metadata in the form of a highly skewed tree [4].
	www.usenix.org /event/fast/tech/full_papers/zhang/zhang_html

	Karl`s Driver Site
		Plus, the new NTFS filing system is only optional - later versions of Windows can still be installed using the older FAT32 system, though the vast majority of systems do use the new NTFS standard.
		There are also various third party programs that allow MS-DOS to understand the NTFS filing system to a limited extent.
		Microsoft have always encouraged users in their documentation to create such a disk and keep it somewhere safe, so that if something goes wrong with Windows, we can still load MS-DOS using the disk, to gain access to our hard drives, rescue data and try to fix whatever might have gone wrong.
	www.karlsforums.com /faq/faq_bootdisk2kxp.htm (746 words)

	EECS 598-2: Distributed File Systems
		Daniel Alan Muntz, Multilevel Caching in Distributed File Systems, Doctoral Thesis, The University of Michigan (1994).
		L.W. McVoy and S.R. Kleiman, Extent-like Performance from a UNIX File System, in Proc.
		Brent Welch, "A Comparison of the Vnode and Sprite File System Architectures.
	www.citi.umich.edu /u/cja/598 (876 words)

	Journal File Systems LG #55
		Indexing by extent size, and also by extent position, are implemented techniques that make the file system able to locate several free blocks, either by size or by their location, quickly.
		Journal file systems use the same technique above to log file system operations, causing the file system to be recoverable in a small period of time.
		File system structures have a fixed number of bits to store file size information, a fixed number of bits to store the logical block number, etc. As a consequence of that fixed number of bits, file sizes, partition sizes and the number of directory entries are limited.
	www.linuxgazette.com /issue55/florido.html (5086 words)

	read_field.txt
		If the file is described as just "data=integer", or "data=float", then read field assumes that the field file's binary data format is compatible with the system on which the read field module is executing.
		Binary integer, floating point, and double-precision floating point data are not compatible between the two kinds of systems.
		The minimum and maximum extent values in the coordinate binary area are copies of the min_ext and max_ext values in the field data structure, except when the field has been cropped, downsized, or interpolated.
	www.nada.kth.se /~johani/read_field.txt (5086 words)

	Joliet Specification
		If a file is marked such that either bit 12 is set to one or bit 14 is set to one in the Attributes field of the "XA System Use Information", then the Data Length field of the Directory Record shall be set to 2048 times the number of sectors contained in the extent.
		Each of the existing file systems for magnetic media contain various features which can not be represented on CD-ROM media using an unenhanced version of ISO 9660.
		Joliet receiving systems shall be capable of receiving media recorded with restrictions which have been relaxed relative to ISO 9660.
	bmrc.berkeley.edu /people/chaffee/jolspec.html (3055 words)

	Vicon C3D File Format
		It is recommended that any software written to read C3D files generated by 370 should use the same algorithm for detecting the end of the parameters section.
		This is necessary because although the number of parameter blocks are known, the extent to which the last block is used is not known.
		Vicon 370 currently uses the DEC format for compatibility with earlier Vicon VX systems.
	guardian.curtin.edu.au /cga/faq/c3d.html (3055 words)

	Filesystems HOWTO: Other filesystems
		The efs kernel module is an implementation of the extent file system for linux 2.2 kernels.
		Goals in designing the Desktop File System were influenced by impression of what environment was like for small computer systems.
		Reiserfs is a file system using a variant on classical balanced tree algorithms.
	www.ibiblio.org /filesystems/howto/Filesystems-HOWTO-9.html (3055 words)

	Journal File Systems LG #55
		Extents are sets of contiguous logical blocks used by several file systems and even database engines.
		Nevertheless, if the file system were so fragmented that an extent existed for every single block in the file system, the structure would be bigger than the bitmap approach's.
		Extents enhance spatial locality, since the blocks within an extent are all contiguous.
	www.linuxgazette.com /issue55/florido.html (3055 words)

	The Technology Behind LynxOS v4.0's Linux ABI Compatibility
		Since the file format between two releases of an OS changes infrequently, the extent of ABI compatibility is directly related to the changes in API calls between the two OS releases.
		The extent of ABI compatibility that exists between two OS environments dictates whether application programs that are created under one environment will run unchanged in the other environment.
		Secondly the two operating systems need to have a compatible set of API calls.
	www.lynuxworks.com /products/whitepapers/compatibility.php3 (2013 words)

	LVM-HOWTO
		Logical volume management is traditionally associated with large installations containing many disks but it is equally suited to small systems with a single disk or maybe two.
		logical extent 1 could map onto physical extent 51 of PV1, data written to the first 4 MB of the logical volume in fact be written to the 51st extent of PV1.
		After you have extended the logical volume it is necessary to increase the file system size to match.
	www.linux-es.org /docs/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO (7236 words)

	LaTeX Public Project License, Version 1.3 (DRAFT)
		Changing the name of a file (other than as necessitated by the file conventions of the target file systems) is considered to be a modification of the file.
		The conditions on individual files of The Program therefore may differ only with respect to the kind and extent of modification of those files that is allowed, and with respect to the distribution of modified versions of those files.
		LaTeX configuration files (with filename extension `.cfg') are examples of files bearing less restrictive conditions on the distribution of a modified version of the file.
	lists.debian.org /debian-legal-0207/msg00007.html (2192 words)

	rfc172.txt
		The objectives of FTP are to promote sharing of files (computer programs and/or data), encourage indirect use (without login or implicit) of computers, and shield the user from variations in file and storage systems of different hosts, to the extent it is practical.
		However, as file transfer protocol requires the transfer of more than a single control transaction over the same connection, it is essential that hosts be able to send control transactions in either 'transparent block' (type B9) of 'descriptor and counts' (type BA) modes.
		The file transfer abort described here is different from the data transfer abort which is sent only by the sender of data.
	www.rfc-editor.org /rfc/rfc172.txt (2395 words)

	An Advanced File System for Linux @ LINUXWORLD MAGAZINE
		Extent-based addressing structures: JFS uses extent-based addressing structures, along with aggressive block allocation policies to produce compact, efficient, and scalable structures for mapping logical offsets within files to physical addresses on disk.
		JFS uses many advanced techniques to boost performance, provide for very large file systems, and, of course, journal changes to the file system.
		File Access Control Lists and Extended Attributes (EAs) are currently supported by the Ext2, Ext3, JFS, ReiserFS, and XFS file systems.
	linux.sys-con.com /read/44101.htm?CFID=195979&CFTOKEN=E07683A6-6BAC-E3AD-2DFFECF3D1755B8A (3273 words)

	Streaming media - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some streaming broadcasters use streaming systems that interfere with the ability to record streams for later playback, either inadvertently through poor choice of streaming protocol or deliberately because they believe it is to their advantage to do so.
		Streaming media storage size (in the common file system measurements mebibytes, gibibytes, tebibytes, and so on) is calculated from streaming bandwidth and length of the media with the following formula (for a single user and file):
		Depending on the protocol and the extent of the loss, the client may be able to recover the data with error correction techniques, may interpolate over the missing data, or may suffer a dropout.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/USB_streaming (3273 words)

	621wk03.html
		To what extent is a systems approach in geography consistent with the notion of geography as “spatial science?”
		To what extent does Morrill’s description of the early days of the quantitative revolution fit Kuhn’s ideas about the nature of science as outlined in Ch.
		A copy of this article is in the file box in Condon 108.
	geography.uoregon.edu /mcdowell/geog62101/StudyGuides/621wk03.html (219 words)

	Business Software Review : Article 'QNX'
		QNX4FS is an extent-based file system used by the QNX4 and QNX6 operating systems.
		For example, embedded systems often use peripherals controlled by synchronous serial interfaces, which are ten to hundreds of times slower than comparable peripherals used in PCs.
		The file system remains consistent even after a power failure, but this is NOT achieved by using journalling.
	www.business-software-review.org /DisplayArticle89839.html (219 words)

	[3.1] Extent-based versus log-structured file systems
		This approach allows the unit of disk space allocation to remain 512 bytes, which is also the smallest unit of physical I/O. The potential performance bottleneck of this approach does not happen because the filesystem code passes I/O requests to the disk drivers in units of extents, not 512 byte blocks.
		The approach used under QNX, for example, is to have files exist as an array of extents on disk, where each is extent is as many contiguous blocks as could be allocated at that location.
		An extent-based file system is another candicate for better filesystem performance.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/os-research/part1/section-12.html (262 words)

	EFF Napster Appellate Decision Whitepaper (Feb. 26, 2001)
		The potential for contributory and vicarious liability present a real danger for file-sharing technology providers and great care should be paid to the architectural design of P2P systems including consulting an attorney.
		The 9th Circuit's holding also dramatically narrowed Betamax's protection against vicarious liability by requiring technology providers to affirmatively police their systems for potential infringement, a practice which essentially forces technology creators to serve as law enforcement for the content industry, even in the absence of notification that specific infringement has occurred.
		Under the ruling, a file-sharing technology provider may be vicariously liable when it fails to affirmatively use its ability to patrol its system and prevent access to potentially infringing files listed in its search index (if it has one).
	www.eff.org /IP/P2P/Napster/20010226_rgross_nap_essay.html (1377 words)

	The Risks Of "Key Recovery," "Key Escrow," And "Trusted Third-Party" Encryption 1998
		Other systems have "escrow agents" or "key recovery agents" that maintain the ability to recover the keys for a particular encrypted communication session or stored file; these systems require that such "session keys" be encrypted with a key known by a recovery agent and included with the data.
		Key recoverability, to the extent it has a private-sector application at all, is useful only for the keys used to protect irreproducible stored data.
		When a key does need to be recovered, it will frequently be a local matter, similar to the replacement of a misplaced office key or restoring a computer file with a backup copy.
	www.cdt.org /crypto/risks98 (1377 words)

	Resourceable and Retargetable Binary Translation
		BFF (Binary File Format), which describes the internal format of a binary file, such as ELF for Solaris and Linux systems.
		Cross operating system translation issues are addressed by projects such as Wine and to a lesser extent, VMware and freeMWare.
		Binary translation is the process of automatically translating a binary executable program from one machine to another.
	www.itee.uq.edu.au /~cristina/uqbt.html (2000 words)

	5proj_exercise.doc
		Note that since this is the first geodataset you loaded into ArcMap, the coordinates from this file determine the window extent that ArcMap uses for all subsequent files you use.
		Note that this file is also geographic (lat/long only, no map projection), but it is based on the NAD_27 datum rather the NAD_83 (which all of the other are).
		Next click on Projected Coordinate Systems, then State plane, then NAD 83, then NAD 1983 StatePlane Colorado Central FIPS 0502.prj.
	web.uccs.edu /geogenvs/Intro-to-GIS/exercises/5proj_exercise.doc (2000 words)

	Wisconsin.txt
		The decisions expressly direct Wisconsin Bell to file conforming tariffs on unbundled network elements (UNE), March 22 order, supra, at 2, which are a component of operational support systems (OSS), the general term for the provision of access by a local phone company to a new entrant.
		This implies that Wisconsin Bell's pricing freedom is constrained only to the extent that it may not fix a rate that exceeds the upper end of the range of prices likely to emerge from a negotiation with a would-be competitor in accordance with the procedures set forth in the federal act.
		Wisconsin disclaims authority to fix the rates in the tariffs that it has ordered Wisconsin Bell to file.
	www.nyls.edu /docs/Wisconsin.txt (3638 words)

	contract
		By mutual agreement between the faculty member and the dean, negative materials in the file relating to a particular instance or conduct shall be removed after five (5) years, assuming no other similar instances relating to that conduct have been placed in the personnel file.
		All faculty members covered by this Agreement are subject to and have the benefits of the State ERS or TIAA Group Insurance Policy whichever applies, in accordance with rules and regulations of such systems.
		ARTICLE II 2.1 The Association recognizes that the Board, the Commissioner of Education and the Administration of the University, have responsibility and authority to manage and direct, on behalf of the public, all the operations and activities of the University to the full extent authorized by law.
	www.ele.uri.edu /aaup/contract.htm (15607 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The UNIX Hater's Handbook
		The latter is devoted to exploring the flawed peripherals of Unix, from sendmail, to the troublesome system administration and file systems.
		Unix, and to some extent, its offspring Linux have always been something I've hated, and it was very refreshing to come across a book that summed up all my frustrations perfectly.
		That is, Unix really did survive, and all the 'better' systems like Multics and Tenex failed (and of course they weren't necessarily better across the board).
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1568842031?v=glance (15607 words)

	Neural Networks Software
		Neural networks can be used to predict the stock price, to a reasonable extent, they are valuab;e part of modern automated trading systems.
		This kind of file is called (at least in this tutorial) a lag-file, it can be automatically generated by the "Cortex" program.
		Neural networks are modelled after the brain (not necessarily a human brain) and provide the learning algorythm that does not require any knowkedges of the formulas for the process being researched, instead, it is based on the familiarity and pattern recognition.
	cortex.snowseed.com /cortex.htm (3207 words)

	1998 Report of the Auditor General of Canada - September - Chapter 16
		The SIN was originally conceived as a file numbering system to identify individuals collecting Unemployment Insurance and CPP benefits, not as a means to accurately identify individuals across the national income security and tax collection systems.
		It is used as an identification number to verify benefit entitlement, to collect and add information to clients' files and to match and exchange data among programs.
		We have noted the Auditor General's interest in the use of the SIN by the business community, and share his views that further study of the extent of that use would be valuable.
	www.oag-bvg.gc.ca /domino/reports.nsf/html/9816ce.html (10766 words)

	The BitTorrent P2P file-sharing system The Register
		The statistics from Suprnova were fetched by our HTML script every hour, and are in agreement with the total tracker results to such an extent that the lines overlap almost completely.
		In Table 1, we show for the most popular of these websites the number of different files and the number of active file transfers at a certain time.
		This section analyses the integrity in BitTorrent/Suprnova of both the content itself and of the associated meta-data, which is a notorious problem in P2P systems.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2004/12/18/bittorrent_measurements_analysis (10766 words)

	GeoVRML RFC 1: Coordinate Systems
		Moreover by allowing the user to define these local frames easily, we allow the creator of the georeferenced data to manage the accuracy of a 32bit floating point representation by creating VRML worlds of only limited local extent.
		This node represents a georeferenced local coordinate system and would normally be seen as the top-level node in a VRML file.
		Since computer graphics typically deals with small screens (1600x1280 pixels at most) and locally bounded regions, there is no need to use double precision since any increases in accuracy it would bring are lost in subpixel noise.
	www.ai.sri.com /geovrml/rfc1.html (10766 words)

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Topic: Extent (file systems)

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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)