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Topic: External anal sphincter

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references on faecal incontinence - miscellanea In the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles of the control subjects the mean diameter of Type 2 fibres was slightly greater than that of Type 1 fibres, but in the levator ani muscles of control female subjects the mean diameter of Type 1 fibres was much greater than that of Type 2 fibres. The puborectalis and the deep external anal sphincter were found to be fused together and identical from the morphologic, histologic, and functional points of view as well as with respect to innervation. Type 1 fibre predominance was found in the external anal sphincter, puborectalis and levator ani muscles of 17 control subjects, and of 16 patients with ano-rectal incontinence. www-cdu.dc.med.unipi.it /gpe/misc1.htm   (6885 words)

American Family Physician: Primary Repair of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Lacerations Overall, the fecal incontinence score was associated with a disrupted internal anal sphincter but not with disruption of the external anal sphincter, as determined by ultrasonography. At the same visit, ultrasonography of women with a laceration history and of control subjects revealed a disrupted external anal sphincter in 40 and 20 percent, respectively, and a disrupted internal anal sphincter in 47 and 7 percent, respectively. The external anal sphincter was repaired with four interrupted 1-0 Vicryl sutures with an end-to-end technique. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_11_61/ai_62829285   (810 words)

Measurement of Anal Sphincter Muscles: Endoanal US, Endoanal MR Imaging, or Phased-Array MR Imaging? A Study with Healthy Volunteers -- Beets-Tan et al. 220 (1): 81 -- Radiology Anatomic and physiologic measurements of the internal and external anal sphincters in normal females. Significance of the thickness of the anal sphincters with age and its relevance in faecal incontinence. Primary degeneration of the internal anal sphincter as a cause of passive faecal incontinence. radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/220/1/81   (5666 words)

Treating the Anal Sphincter ANAL FISSURES have been found to be associated with increased anal sphincter muscle tone, and the research demonstrating fissure healing with calcium channel blockers and other agents may be applicable to external hemorrhoids...... There is evidence that hemorrhoid sufferers have increased tightness of the anal sphincter, and some studies are showing that a variety of anal sphincter-relaxing remedies may promote improvement in prolapsed internal hemorrhoids and thrombosed external hemorrhoids, possibly avoiding surgery, or make it possible to to use techniques short of scalpel hemorrhoidectomy. Topical diltiazem and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures without side effects. www.geocities.com /md_duba/GP32.html   (1325 words)

OB/GYN News: Anal incontinence & sphincter injury: vaginal childbirth a factor Ultrasound identified anal sphincter defects in the external anal sphincter (61% of women), internal anal sphincter (3%), or both (36%). Anal sphincter injury was significantly more likely to be found in women with stage IV prolapse than in those with stage I prolapse. HOLLYWOOD, FLA. -- Anatomic anal sphincter injury from vaginal childbirth is significantly associated with anal incontinence and stage IV pelvic organ prolapse, according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Urogynecologic Association. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0CYD/is_21_38/ai_110804568   (528 words)

anatomical sphincter - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about anatomical sphincter The external anal sphincter closes the anus&; the internal anal sphincter constricts the rectum&; the sphincter vesicae controls the urethral orifice of the bladder. Ring of muscle, such as is found at various points in the alimentary canal, that contracts and relaxes to open and close the canal and control the movement of food. The pyloric sphincter, at the base of the stomach, controls the release of the gastric contents into the duodenum. encyclopedia.farlex.com /anatomical+sphincter   (157 words)

UpToDate Surgical management of the disrupted anal sphincter Reconstructive surgery should aim at restoring the continuity of both the external and internal anal sphincter. Anal sphincter injury is often occult and can lead to fecal incontinence many years after delivery [2,3]. The anatomy and physiology of the anal sphincter, pathogenesis of anal sphincter dysfunction, and evaluation of patients with fecal incontinence is discussed separately. patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=gyn_surg/12839   (388 words)

Anatomical reminder about anal sphincter The external anal shincter is composed by ridge muscular fiber and is moved by a volunter action. The internal anal sphincter is composed by smooth muscular fiber and provided with a reflex type comportment. This muscular set is located in the anal channel, between the anus and the rectum. www.esiee.fr /~rocarief/artmbfr1/node3.html   (107 words)

Limbs & Things - Sultan Anal Sphincter Trainer For practising the techniques associated with the repair of the internal and external sphincter (3rd degree tear). The Anal Sphincter Block presents the following realistic anatomy: This model was developed in collaboration with Mr Abdul Sultan, Mayday Hospital, Croydon, UK. www.limbsandthings.com /usa/products.php?partno=60227   (98 words)

Glazer/Romanzi/Polaneczky It consists of the internal anal sphincter, a thickening of the smooth muscle extending down from the distal portion of the rectum, which is maximally contracted during storage, and the external anal sphincter, consisting of bundles of striated muscle fiber, including the deep, superficial and subcutaneous bundles. Second, a weak external anal sphincter, often resulting from prolonged second stage labor, surgery, radiation or rectal tearing during childbirth can lead to fecal incontinence because the descending stool pressure cannot be offset by the pressure of the external anal sphincter. external anal sphincter or puborectalis) often referred to as sphincter dyssenergia in the external anal sphincter or paradoxical or nonrelaxing puborectalis in the puborectalis muscle. www.vulvodynia.com /dia_vv_ab6.htm   (98 words)

Glazer/Romanzi/Polaneczky It consists of the internal anal sphincter, a thickening of the smooth muscle extending down from the distal portion of the rectum, which is maximally contracted during storage, and the external anal sphincter, consisting of bundles of striated muscle fiber, including the deep, superficial and subcutaneous bundles. The anal canal is surrounded by the voluntary external anal sphincter and the involuntary internal anal sphincter. external anal sphincter or puborectalis) often referred to as sphincter dyssenergia in the external anal sphincter or paradoxical or nonrelaxing puborectalis in the puborectalis muscle. www.vulvodynia.com /dia_vv_ab6.htm   (98 words)

Case 13-Diarrhea Defecation occurs as a reflux to distention pressures of the rectum with relaxation of the internal and external anal sphincters. The external anal sphincter is made of striated muscle, it is under voluntary control via the sacral roots. The internal anal sphincter is made of smooth muscle and is relaxed via parasympathetic innervation with the pudendal nerve. socrates.berkeley.edu /~alanburr/physiol/webcc99/ccGI.01htm.htm   (98 words)

eMedicine - Rectal Prolapse : Article by Lisa S Poritz, MD External anal sphincter: The external anal sphincter is striated muscle that forms a circular tube around the anal canal. Internal anal sphincter: The internal anal sphincter is a smooth muscle that is the most distal extension of the inner circular smooth muscle of the colon and the rectum. In an anterior resection for rectal prolapse, the rectum is mobilized to the level of the lateral ligaments, and the redundant colon (sigmoid) is resected. www.emedicine.com /med/topic3533.htm   (98 words)

Fortnightly review : Faecal incontinence -- Kamm 316 (7130): 528 -- BMJ The ultrasound probe is central; the dark ring is the internal anal sphincter and the white structure surrounding it is the external anal sphincter muscle (arrows indicate outer limits). of the internal anal sphincter is the commonest cause of soiling. lower internal anal sphincter in chronic anal fissure. bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/316/7130/528   (2577 words)

CancerSource.com NCI Physician PDQ All other stage II cancers of the anal canal that involve the anal sphincter or are too large for complete local excision are treated with external beam radiation therapy plus chemotherapy. All other stage I cancers of the anal canal that involve the anal sphincter or are too large for complete local excision are treated with external beam radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. Surgical resection is used for treatment of lesions of the perianal area not involving the anal sphincter (approach depends on the location of the lesion in the anal canal). www.cancersource.com /pdqindex/detail.cfm?DiseaseID=3&ContentID=15894   (2577 words)

fecal incontinence treatment: abstracts A neoanal sphincter was constructed with an electrically stimulated transposed gracilis muscle in 20 incontinent patients with a deficient anal sphincter, and as part of a reconstruction in 12 patients in whom the anorectum had been excised or was congenitally absent. The external sphincter in cadavers demonstrated a predominance of Type I fibers (80 percent) with a lesser diameter of 23 microns and a high percentage (12 percent) of collagen. Furthermore, the external and sphincter and gracilis muscle histology was investigated in six autopsy cases. www-cdu.dc.med.unipi.it /gpe/fitrefa.htm   (2577 words)

[Frontiers in Bioscience, 4, b9-13, October 1, 1999] The EMG activity of the external anal sphincter was studied by means of a concentric needle electrode (Type 13L 49, Disa, Copenhagen, Denmark), 30 mm in length and 0.45 mm in diameter. The momentary external anal sphincter contraction upon rectal distension is considered to be a spinal reflex (14,15). Failure of the internal anal sphincter to relax leads to reflex relaxation of the rectal detrusor and waning of the desire to defecate. www.bioscience.org /1999/v4/b/shafik2/fulltext.htm   (2577 words)

Anatomy Tables - Perineum & External Genitalia anal canal is continuous with the rectum above and opens at the anus below; it is regulated by external and internal anal sphincters skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus, which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered part of the pelvic diaphragm female: membranous urethra connects the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice at the vestibule of the vagina; male: membranous urethra connects the prostatic urethra with the spongy/penile urethra www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/pelvis/perineum_tables.html   (3346 words)

Gastroenterology Chapter 11 The Anal Canal Motor innervation of the external anal sphincter is via the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve and the perineal branch of the fourth sacral nerve. The wall of the anal canal is formed by a continuation of the circular muscle of the rectal wall; the smooth muscle is thickened in this area to form the internal anal sphincter. This is the “thrombosed external hemorrhoid.” Internal hemorrhoids may prolapse and become strangulated to produce an acute problem of anorectal pain, tenderness, and mucous, bloody discharge. gastroresource.com /GITextbook/en/chapter11/11-4-pr.htm   (3346 words)

MUSC DDC - Symptoms The pudendal nerve is the nerve to the external anal sphincter. The external anal sphincter muscles are made of the same kind of muscle as those in a person's arms and legs. If weak muscles are the problem, the goals of pelvic muscle retraining are to: strengthen the muscles, improve the resting tone of the sphincter muscles, increase the person's ability to contract (squeeze) the muscles, improve the person's awareness of when it is time to empty the rectum, and decrease the number of accidents. www.ddc.musc.edu /ddc_pub/digestiveProbs/symptoms/incontinence.htm   (3346 words)

Perineum & External Genitalia - Dissector Answers Differentiate between the internal and external anal sphincters in position, structure, and function. The pelvic diaphragm, as already described, is made up of the coccygeus muscle, the levator ani muscles, and includes the external anal sphincter muscle. The nerve supply to the external genital organs is via the pudendal nerve, which gives off the dorsal clitoral or penile nerve, and also gives off the perineal nerve, which in turn gives off posterior labial or posterior scrotal nerves and the deep perineal nerve supplying all of the muscles of the urogenital triangle. www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/pelvis/perineum_ans.html   (1484 words)

anal reflex - General Practice Notebook The anal reflex is the reflex contraction of the external sphincter that is supplied by the S4 and S5 roots. This reflex is usually elicited by scratching the perianal skin and evoking a reflex contraction of the external sphincter. Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® is an independent company owned by the authors which does not receive income from any other organisation or individual. www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-60096512.htm   (1484 words)

Cancer Information, Research, and Treatment for all Types of Cancer OncoLink All other stage I cancers of the anal canal that involve the anal sphincter or are too large for complete local excision are treated with external-beam radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. The anal canal extends from the rectum to the perianal skin and is lined by a mucous membrane that covers the internal sphincter. Surgical resection is used for treatment of lesions of the perianal area not involving the anal sphincter (approach depends on the location of the lesion in the anal canal). www.oncolink.upenn.edu /types/article.cfm?c=5&s=10&ss=80&id=9201   (3260 words)

anatomical sphincter - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about anatomical sphincter The external anal sphincter closes the anus&; the internal anal sphincter constricts the rectum&; the sphincter vesicae controls the urethral orifice of the bladder. Ring of muscle, such as is found at various points in the alimentary canal, that contracts and relaxes to open and close the canal and control the movement of food. The pyloric sphincter, at the base of the stomach, controls the release of the gastric contents into the duodenum. encyclopedia.farlex.com /anatomical+sphincter   (157 words)

Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair -- Sultan et al. 308 (6933): 887 -- BMJ The external anal sphincter is lateral to the internal sphincter five affecting the external sphincter, and 23 affecting both Sphincter repair for fecal incontinence after obstetrical and iactrogenic injury. bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/308/6933/887   (3580 words)

Treating the Anal Sphincter There is evidence that hemorrhoid sufferers have increased tightness of the anal sphincter, and some studies are showing that a variety of anal sphincter-relaxing remedies may promote improvement in prolapsed internal hemorrhoids and thrombosed external hemorrhoids, possibly avoiding surgery, or make it possible to to use techniques short of scalpel hemorrhoidectomy. ANAL FISSURES have been found to be associated with increased anal sphincter muscle tone, and the research demonstrating fissure healing with calcium channel blockers and other agents may be applicable to external hemorrhoids...... The anal sphincter will relax when it is made either warm or cold. www.geocities.com /md_duba/GP32.html   (1325 words)

Hemorrhoid.net - Anatomy - Anus and Rectum This muscle is surrounded by the superficialis portion of the external sphincter and forms the en tire inner muscular layer of the wall of the anal canal (Fig. The anus is surrounded by the subcutaneous muscle of the external sphincter (Fig. The upper and inner margin is separated from the lower edges of the internal sphincter by prominent insertions of the fibroelastic extensions of the conjoined longitudinal muscle. www.hemorrhoid.net /anatomy.php   (1325 words)

Rectal Prolapse Success depends on a number of factors, including the status of a patient's anal sphincter muscle before surgery, whether the prolapse is internal or external, the overall condition of the patient and surgical method used. Weakness of the anal sphincter muscle is often associated with rectal prolapse at this stage and may result in leakage of stool or mucus. To demonstrate the prolapse, patients may be asked to "strain" as if having a bowel movement or to sit on the commode and "strain" prior to examination. www.sjcolondocs.com /questions/Rectal.htm   (1325 words)

Emergency Medicine The inner aspects of the internal and external anal sphincters and the intersphincteric groove may be palpated. Because ischemia or poor perfusion of the posterior midline aspect of the anal sphincter may be a contributing factor in the failure of anal fissures to heal, topical vasodilators have been used as treatment options. Typically, the internal anal sphincter becomes spastic, an important observation with regard to current thoughts on the pathogenesis of anal fissure and one with great implications for treatment of this condition. www.emedmag.com /html/pre/fea/features/011504.asp   (1325 words)

Anal Cancer: All other stage I cancers of the anal canal that involve the anal sphincter or are too large for complete local excision are treated with external-beam radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. Surgical resection is used for treatment of lesions of the perianal area not involving the anal sphincter (approach depends on the location of the lesion in the anal canal). Overall, the risk of anal cancer is rising, with data suggesting that persons engaging in certain sexual practices, such as receptive anal intercourse, or persons with a high lifetime number of sexual partners are at increased risk of anal cancer. www.acor.org /cnet/62898.html   (3155 words)

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