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Topic: Extinct birds

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	Recently Extinct Birds
		Ula-Ai-Hawane Aridops anna Extinct, an endemic to the island of Hawaii, the last specimen was caught on 20 February 1892 on Mount Kohala.
		The birds were killed by seamen for food and by fishermen for food and for use as bait.
		Mysterious Starling Aplonis mavornata This extinct bird is known on from one specimen in the British Museum.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/extinction.html (2434 words)

	Bird - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, oviparous vertebrate animals characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bones.
		Birds ventilate their lungs by means of posterior and anterior air sacs (typically nine) which act like bellows, but do not play a direct role in gas exchange.
		Birds possess a ventriculus, or gizzard, that is composed of four muscular bands that act to rotate and crush food by shifting the food from one area to the next within the gizzard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bird (2849 words)

	Extinct birds - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Generally believed to have been extinct by 1500, this is the only moa species that according to current knowledge might have survived until later times, possibly as late as the 1830s.
		Although the date of the last captive bird's death in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1918, is generally given as extinction date, there are convincing reports of some wild populations persisting until later.
		This bird is known from a single specimen taken in 1926 and was long believed to be a subspecies of the Rufous-headed Woodpecker.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extinct_birds (5496 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Extinct birds
		The taxonomy of the elephant birds is not fully resolved; it is almost certain that at least one taxon survived until Recent times, but it is not clear which species the reports refer to, if there were indeed more than one.
		Generally believed to have been extinct by 1500, this is the only moa species that according to current knowledge might have survived until later times, possibly as late as the 1830s.
		Although the date of the last captive bird's death in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1918, is generally given as extinction date, there are convincing reports of some wild populations persisting until later.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Extinct-birds (9605 words)

	Extinct birds: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The réunion flightless ibis (threskiornis solitarius) is an extinct bird species that was native to the island of réunion....
		Bachmans warbler (vermivora bachmanii) was a small passerine bird that inhabited the swamps and lowland forests of the southeast united states....
		(was a metre-high flightless bird of the island of maur...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ex/extinct_birds.htm (3533 words)

	Avian photography, bird photos, birds forum and online community
		Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, oviparous vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bones.
		Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are about 8,800—10,200 living bird species (plus about 120—130 that have become extinct in the span of human history) in the world, making them the most diverse class of terrestrial vertebrates.
		Birds are a very differentiated class, with some feeding on nectar, plants, seeds, insects, rodents, fish, carrion, or other birds.
	www.photobirds.com (340 words)

	Extinct birds - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		The dodo was a large fat flightless bird the size of a turkey that lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.
		This slaughter was exacerbated by predation of both eggs and chicks by the cats, rats, pigs and monkeys that were brought to the island by the early French settlers.
		The largest of the auks, a flightless, penguin-like bird was widespread throughout the north Atlantic.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/advice/endangeredspecies/extinct_birds.asp (440 words)

	CREO
		The Dodo and Kindred Birds; Or, The Extinct Birds of the Mascarene Islands.
		Biogeography and prehistoric exploitation of birds in the Mussau Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea.
		Van Bemmelen, J. The extinct birds of the Chatham Islands.
	creo.amnh.org /birds.html (920 words)

	Fossil Record of the Aves
		The fossil record of birds is not extensive: the light, hollow bones of birds are not likely to survive as fossils.
		The oldest known fossil unambiguously identified as a bird is still the dinosaur-like Archaeopteryx, from the Solnhofen Limestone of the Upper Jurassic of Germany.
		It would also show that the first birds lived at the same time as the earliest dinosaurs -- which could disprove or force modification of the standard hypothesis that birds are descended from the highly derived coelurosaurian dinosaurs, which are not known from the Triassic.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /diapsids/birds/birdfr.html (808 words)

	Extinct Birds of North America quiz -- free game
		This bird was related to the prarie chicken and was (before the American Revolution) found from Maine to Virginia.
		The bird was about 12 inches long and was seen in flocks of several hundred birds.
		This bird was known to nest in the fields of Texas.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=184418&origin= (359 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Extinct Birds of New Zealand
		The Huia was a bird that was native to New Zealand.
		The bird was a flightless, nocturnal native of Stephens Island, New Zealand and fed on insects.
		This bird stood approximately 40 cm tall and weighed an estimated 2 kg and was flightless.
	www.petermaas.nl /extinct/newzealand.htm (2853 words)

	Extinct Birds : Book
		Driven into extinction by humans around 500 years ago, it was the largest bird of prey ever to exist, and was the airbourne equvilent of a lion or tiger.
		It may be that some of these birds are not extinct, only hiding (Fuller shows this has happened before), but most of the birds here are certainly as dead as dodoes.
		Predicting how it will go for birds over the next century can´t be done exactly, of course, but it doesn´t look good for them; one respected research study concludes that one in eight bird species are at risk for extinction in the next century.
	www.yezee.com /an/080143954X.html (1804 words)

	Extinct Birds
		Hesperornis (meaning "western bird") was an early, flightless bird that lived during the late Cretaceous period.
		Ichthyornis (meaning "fish bird") were 8 inch (20 cm) long, toothed, tern-like, extinct bird that date from the late Cretaceous period.
		Mononykus was either a bird-like dinosaur (an advanced theropod) or a primitive bird; it possessed qualities of both groups of animals, and there is much scientific debate over which it is. Mononykus had short arms with one long, thick clawed finger on each hand (hence its name).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/birds/Earlybirds.shtml (936 words)

	TerraNature \| New Zealand Ecology - Extinct birds
		The 58 extinct birds evolved in an isolated land, and without mammal predators, developed various levels of flightlessness, ground feeding and nesting habits, and fearlessness over millions of years.
		It became extinct in 1907 after extensive hunting for collections and its tail feathers, which were in great demand due to an international fashion of wearing them in hats.
		The native quail became extinct in about 1875, after a very rapid decline resulting from extensive shooting for sport and food by European settlers, and the burning of their lowland tussock habitat.
	www.terranature.org /extinctBirds.htm (1373 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Dodo, which is now extinct birds">extinct, lived on fruit and nested on the ground.
		(Extinct Birds is an absorbing study of the world's recently extinct bird species, the first complete survey since Walter Rothschild's classic work of 1907)
		Many birds have become extinct as a result of human activity, especially birds endemic to islands, including many flightless birds (see a more complete list under extinct birds">extinct birds).
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Extinct-birds.htm (156 words)

	Extinct birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The extinction the moa and its main predator the Harpagornis is attributed to the arrival of settlers around 1000 A.D. Very early European ca 1830-40 described seeing birds that might been the last of the moa but sightings have never been confirmed reliably.
		The animal ecology consisted of birds with the filling the niche of deer or cattle the harpagornis filling the niche of the or tiger.
		Officially critically endangered but probably extinct: only one a bird at Antananarivo Botanic Gardens seen alive 1991 this bird dying in 1992.
	www.freeglossary.com /Extinct_birds (912 words)

	‘Extinct’ birds are making a comeback - Science - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Several supposedly extinct birds have recently been "rediscovered," raising hopes that others not seen for ages may still be taking to the skies.
		The second includes birds not seen for decades — often because conflict made their home range inaccessible — but that were not necessarily considered extinct.
		For some experts, the "Holy Grail" of lost birds has been hoisted with the rediscovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker, a large bird with striking looks that was believed to have fallen victim to the logging industry.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/8962240 (878 words)

	Birds going extinct faster due to human activities
		Without the influence of humans, the expected extinction rate for birds would be roughly one species per century, according to Stuart Pimm, professor of conservation ecology at Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, who is one of the report's principal authors.
		One factor contributing to such large differences in estimates is that "more than half of the known species of birds were not discovered until after 1850, an important point that previous estimates of extinction rates have failed to take into account," Raven said.
		Of the 9,775 known species of birds, "an estimated additional 25 would have gone extinct during the past 30 years if it were not for human intervention," Raven said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-07/du-bge070506.php (772 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Extinct Birds
		Secondly many more birds died out, due to the exploration and colonisation of many parts of the world by Europeans, such as the well known dodo (right-hand picture).
		The main reasons for the extinction of these birds at that time were hunting and the introduction of non-native animals, such as rats, cats, dogs, pigs, mongooses, etc. And many birds have since died out due to the activities of humans in current history.
		Given the age these birds must be if still alive – and the fact that researchers are not even sure of their sex – the chances of this happening seem remote.
	www.petermaas.nl /extinct/birds.htm (566 words)

	Scoop: Painstaking Research Brings Extinct Birds to Life
		The book Extinct Birds of New Zealand by Alan Tennyson and Paul Martinson is the fruition of years of research and collaboration.
		The demise of these birds is largely attributable to the arrival of foreign predators and most dramatically to the arrival of humans themselves.
		Extinct Birds of New Zealand is a vital resource for expert and amateur ornithologists, art-lovers, teachers, students and anyone passionate about how best to preserve those species which remain.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/ED0611/S00064.htm (1323 words)

	[No title]
		The dodo bird is an extinct bird, which is believed to have died out around 1681 AD.
		The dodo bird was a gray, flightless bird, and may be a distant relative of the pigeon family.
		The dodo is an extinct bird, and is often remembered for its death.
	www.davidreilly.com /dodo/dodo-faq.txt (716 words)

	Description of the Dodo bird (raphus cucullatus)
		The dodo was a flightless bird native only to the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.
		The dodo was a large, plump bird covered in soft, grey feathers, with a plume of white at its tail.
		Because it was flightless, those who saw the bird often thought it had no real wings at all, describing them as "little winglets." Study of the skeleton reveals, however, that the dodo did in fact have wings that were simply not used for flight, much like penguins' wings.
	www.birds.mu /Extinct/Dodo.htm (1039 words)

	Extinct Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Their stories are sometimes tantalizingly slight: isolated sightings of a single bird may be the only evidence that a species ever existed.
		These artists often had the advantage of working from fresh specimens or even from living birds, and their work is a primary source of scientific knowledge as well as being beautiful in its own right.
		Extinct Birds is a fascinating record of those species of birds which have been unable to adapt and survive, and a timely reminder of man's capacity to change his environment for the worse.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~design.machine-tanya/abird.htm (380 words)

	WORLD MIGRATORY BIRD DAY - Climate change and migratory birds
		The majestic bird is desperately looking for a place to rest, where he can recover and refuel until taking up his journey to return to his breeding grounds in a few months time.
		The habitats migratory birds depend on are in danger to change and to disappear due to increasing temperatures, flooding or desertification.
		Some of the earth’s bird species were able to adapt to these changes, while others could not and have become extinct as a result.
	www.worldmigratorybirdday.org /2007/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=31 (1402 words)

	Remembering One of Hawaii’s Extinct Birds - The KONA GROSBEAK
		In 1887 Wilson was one of the last to observe the bird in life, for it was last reliably sighted in 1894.
		The Chloridops kona (Kona grosbeak), though an interesting bird on account of its peculiar structure, is a singularly uninteresting one in its habits.
		The incessant cracking of the fruits when one of these birds is feeding, the noise of which can be heard for a considerable distance, renders the bird much easier to see than it otherwise would be.
	www.coffeetimes.com /grosbeak.htm (450 words)

	Extinct Birds of New Zealand
		Some species may be ‘extinct in the wild’ which means that the only ones alive are kept by people, probably in a zoo.
		The takahe was thought to be extinct as it had not been seen for 50 years, but Geoffrey Orbell rediscovered the takahe living in a remote Fiordland valley in 1948.
		In fact, the Stephens Island wren was discovered and then became extinct within the space of a year – the only bird known to have this happen.
	www.kcc.org.nz /birds/extinct.asp (1256 words)

	All About Birds : Conservation
		Bird conservation practices are increasingly necessary to address the impacts of human activities that have accelerated extinctions and continue to threaten bird populations worldwide.
		Habitat loss and fragmentation, overexploitation, chemical toxins and pollution, as well as introduced diseases, predators, and competitors are some of the threats that need to be addressed to reverse bird declines and maintain healthy populations.
		Guidelines for protecting bird habitat in your backyard, as well as in grasslands, farmlands, and forested areas.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /AllAboutBirds/conservation (334 words)

	Errol Fuller's Extinct Birds - The Dodo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was kept in a chamber, and was a great fowle somewhat bigger than the largest Turky Cock, and so legged and footed, but stouter and thicker and of a more erect shape, coloured before like the breast of a young cock fesan, and on the back of dunn or dearc colour.
		As far as extinct creatures are concerned, only dinosaurs can match dodos for celebrity; and not only does the peculiar name stick in the mind, the bird's extraordinary appearance - made vividly familiar even to children through Sir John Tenniel's remarkable illustrations for Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland - leaves an indelible impression.
		Several quite fanciful ideas have been put forward concerning it (Hachisuka, 1953) but in all probability the bird was finally stuffed and took a place in the illustrious museum established by John Tradescant, naturalist and gardener to Charles II, in Lambeth, London.
	www.hoppa.demon.co.uk /dodo.htm (370 words)

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