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Topic: Extinct species

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	Endangered Species - MSN Encarta
		The primary causes of species extinction or endangerment are habitat destruction, commercial exploitation (such as plant collecting, hunting, and trade in animal parts), damage caused by nonnative plants and animals introduced into an area, and pollution.
		Threatened species, such as the gray wolf, are abundant in parts of their range but are declining in total numbers and are at risk of extinction in the foreseeable future.
		The great auk and the passenger pigeon became extinct in the 19th and early 20th centuries because of overhunting, and the Carolina parakeet perished as a species because of a combination of overhunting and habitat destruction.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557586/Endangered_Species.html (2446 words)

	Extinction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Endangered species are species that are in danger of becoming extinct; several organizations attempt to preserve recognized endangered species through a variety of conservation programs.
		Species listed under this status by the WCU are not known to have any living specimens in the wild, and are maintained only in zoos or other artificial environments.
		The rapidly dwindling species of dragon-flies, butterflies and fireflies from densely populated areas (where satellite foot-prints and mobile communication infrastructures are plentiful, India or China for instance) has been blamed by some on the rise of the mobile phone, although in the absence of studies, this is speculative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extinction (2585 words)

	Extinction - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Endangered species are species that are in danger of becoming extinct; several organizations attempt to preserve recognized endangered species through a variety of conservation programs.
		Species listed under this status by the WCU are not known to have any living specimens in the wild, and are maintained only in zoos or other artificial environments.
		The rapidly dwindling species of dragon-flies, butterflies and fireflies from densely populated areas (where satellite foot-prints and mobile communication infrastructures are plentiful, India or China for instance) has been blamed by some on the rise of the mobile phone, although in the absence of studies, this is speculative.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/e/x/t/Extinction.html (2524 words)

	Threatened, Endangered, and Extinct Species Lesson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Threatened species: species that are still abundant in their natural range, but are declining in numbers and are likely to become endangered (Miller 688).
		Plant and animal species in Pennsylvania are becoming threatened and endangered due to deforestation of wooded areas, loss of wetlands, pollution, use of pesticides, land development, and the introduction of foreign species into the area.
		National parks and reserves protect species' habitats, but we can also personally protect species and their habitats by not engaging in practices that degrade and/or damage the land in our backyards, communities, and surrounding areas.
	webpub.alleg.edu /dept/envisci/ESInfo/comps/anglebk/threatened.htm (1694 words)

	Extinct birds - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since 1600, over 100 species of birds have become extinct, and this rate of extinction seems to be increasing.
		Réunion Flightless Ibis, Threskiornis solitarius (Mascarenes 1750) This species was the base for the supposed 'Réunion Solitaire', a supposed relative of the Dodo and the Rodrigues Solitaire.
		This species was believed to be extinct since 1987, when the last positive sighting was made in Cuba.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extinct_birds (1385 words)

	Rainforests and Species Extinction
		Because species depend on each other in a complicated web of relationships, changing just one part of that web harms the entire ecosystem: as people destroy or significantly change the rainforests, certain species die out, and as they go extinct, other species die out, which in turn leads to further breakdown of the ecosystem.
		Especially on islands, where species have evolved in isolation and have not dealt with adapting to newcomers, the original inhabitants may be unable to adapt and survive.
		Species populations can also shrink when local people are forced by habitat destruction to rely on a smaller area for their food needs, or when a certain species becomes popular on the international market.
	www.ran.org /info_center/factsheets/03b.html (1897 words)

	List of extinct animals - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A large number of historical orders are extinct, for example dinosaurs, pterosaurs and ammonites.
		Many of these orders went extinct at the same time in any of several extinction events.
		The number of extinct species greatly outnumbers the number of living species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extinct_species (210 words)

	LORDE HOWE STICK INSECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If you have photos of extinct species, I would be very grateful to recieve copies and incorporate them here, the same is true for any stories about these species that may not have been recorded in scientific papers.
		Several species of butterfly presumed to have been lost due to the loss of the Chestnut tree, due to the chestnut blight, although a few of these species may still be around.
		Most species of Megalagrion damselflies listed on the Hawaii list appear to actually be extant, although many have very small population sizes, both absolutely and in comparison with their abundance in 1900.
	www.eeb.uconn.edu /grads/rdunn/extinctinsects (1514 words)

	Dinosaur Extinction - Enchanted Learning Software
		Species go extinct when they are unable to adapt to changes in the environment or compete effectively with other organisms.
		The nemesis hypothesis of Raup and Sepkoski theorizes that there is a periodicity of 26 million years to mass extinctions which is caused by collisions with comets from the Oort cloud as they are perturbed in their orbits by a dark star (a companion star to the sun).
		The other dinosaur species died out during the several mass extinctions that occurred in the Mesozoic: at the end of the Triassic (213 million years ago), during and at the end of the Jurassic (at 190, 160, 144 mya), and during and at the end of the Cretaceous (at 120, 82, and 65 mya).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/extinction (602 words)

	Recently Extinct Birds
		Extinction was forever once but modern biologists are doing their best to unravel the mysteries of DNA coding and cloning so that extinct species may once day be able to be brought back into the world.
		There is little we can do about those species which are already gone but by practising a philosophy of personal awareness combined with an abhorrence for the manifestations of greed and ignorance we can perhaps play a part in slowing down the destruction of this precious diversity of beauty and life.
		Of the 28 fairly certain species of birds found on these islands, 27 were found nowhere else in the world, and of these 24 or 25 are now extinct.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/extinction.html (2434 words)

	The Why Files \| 3. Making sense of the search
		By 1992, an estimated 150 cahows were living on islets with a total area of 1 hectare, and the Lazarus-like cahow could be extinguished for real as global warming continues to raise sea level.
		A species must be near the end of its rope to be considered GH (possibly extinct).
		Species, after all, are the building block of life itself, and in recent years, the rate of species extinctions has accelerated.
	whyfiles.org /224presumed_extinct/index.php?g=3.txt (1182 words)

	USATODAY.com - Nearly half extinct species were in Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It said recovery of species is a very long process and noted that at the time the act was passed in 1973 that some species were in such bad shape the agency couldn't recover them.
		The report released Wednesday said "the number (of extinct species) is shocking and indicates a grave failure in federal management of the nation's most powerful environmental law." A co-author of the report said that with so many unique species, Hawaii faces the worst problem in the country.
		Species lost from the islands include the large Kauai thrush, which once was the most common bird on the island; the Molokai thrush, which was endemic to Molokai, and 11 species of Oahu tree snails.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/2004-04-23-endangered-spec_x.htm (894 words)

	The Virtual Zoo: Extinct Species
		Extinct animals are animals which have completely disappeared.
		In the 19th century, paleontologist Georges Cuvier found by analyzing the layers of sediments from the earth surface that fossils of one organism would all of a sudden disappear from one layer to the next.
		Species that are relatively few in number are called endangered species.
	library.thinkquest.org /11922/extinct/extinct.htm (279 words)

	Cloning Extinct Species
		Conjuring images of Jurassic Park, Australian scientists say they are on the way to reviving a previously extinct species -- the Tasmanian Tiger -- using cloning technology.
		Archer said some scientists believed the first cloned tiger pup could be born within a decade, but timing was difficult to predict because of the unknowns ahead in such a project.
		No other long extinct species has ever been cloned, although unsuccessful attempts have been made to extract DNA from a frozen mammoth.
	www.crystalinks.com /cloningextinct.html (416 words)

	Bird Extinction to Speed Up: U.S. Study - Science - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Earlier studies believed only about 130 of the 10,000 bird species are known to have gone extinct since 1500, with a rate of roughly one species extinction every four years.
		Habitat destruction, invasive species, and climate change could overwhelm conservation, they added, and future rates could skyrocket up to 10 extinctions per year, exterminating 12 percent of all known bird species by the end of the 21st century.
		Before human impact, the natural rate of extinction would have been only one bird species per century, the researchers said, while acknowledging that even in the new study, they might have underestimated human influence on the bird population loss and on the destruction of ecosystem.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/558920/bird_extinction_to_speed_up_us_study/index.html?source=r_science (383 words)

	Extinct Protea Species
		The former category is used for species in imminent danger of extinction, whereas the latter is used for species that will become extinct if the threats to which they are exposed continue unabated.
		Another 76 species are listed as "Rare" because their small population or limited distribution range would make them vulnerable if their habitat were to be developed or transformed in any way.
		Please be aware that many of these species are very susceptible to trampling as well as to disease such as dieback, rootrot or any other fungal and bacterial disease that you may carry on your shoes from your garden into the wild.
	protea.worldonline.co.za /extinct.htm (1048 words)

	EDGE :: Former EDGE mammals
		Megaladapis edwardsi is one of almost 20 species of extinct lemurs known from the subfossil record of Madagascar.
		Mystacinid bats are amongst New Zealand's only native mammal species, and are unique in their ability to fold away their wings beneath a leathery membrane when not in flight.
		The extinct lemur family Palaeopropithecidae are known as the ‘sloth lemurs’ because of their extraordinary adaptations for a suspensory lifestyle, convergent with the living tree sloths of South America.
	www.edgeofexistence.org /extinctions/recent_extinctions.asp (374 words)

	Alaska Species Now Extinct, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		Not all species are as fortunate as the arctic and American peregrine falcons and Aleutian Canada goose, whose numbers have increased as a result of protection provided by the Endangered Species Act.
		This species was first identified in 1741 by the naturalist George Steller, who traveled with the explorer Vitus Bering on his voyage of exploration and discovery of Alaska.
		These species' populations are declining as a result of pollution, deaths caused by the propellers of outboard motors, and habitat loss caused by human development.
	www.wildlife.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=endangered.extinct (737 words)

	EPA: Pesticides Endangered and Threatened Species
		Threatened species are not endangered yet, but are likely to become endangered in the future.
		Species disappear because of changes to the earth that are caused either by nature or by the actions of people.
		For example, if a fish such as the shortnose sturgeon becomes extinct, all of the species that rely on it for food will also suffer and may become threatened or endangered.
	www.epa.gov /espp/coloring/especies.htm (934 words)

	Professional Ethics \| Cloning of Endangered and Extinct Species
		Cloning the endangered species or extinct animal would be the maxim referred to in the first formulation and if it were to become universal law, it would result in the cloning of humans and, as we learned in one of our earlier discussions, there is great controversy against human cloning.
		In the case of cloning species, the wild female endangered species that would be rounded up to serve as surrogate mothers would be being used strictly as a means since there is such a high risk of killing these endangered animals while trying to make them reproduce.
		In general, it would be a mistake to clone an extinct species because we really know nothing of their appetite and habitat nor do we know the risks involved in doing so.
	ethics.tamucc.edu /articles/04/05/08/2256225.shtml (5146 words)

	examples of extinct species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This prediction process is difficult since it involves estimating two unknowns: the number of species found only in particular areas and the rate at which those natural areas will become unsuitable for these organisms with increasing resource use by humans.
		Moreover, if biologists are anywhere close in their estimates of future species losses (e.g., 5 to 50% lost in 30 years), the present mass extinction is the fastest, being on the order of 100 to 10,000 times greater than background rates of extinction.
		Whereas all previous mass extinctions were driven by geological and astronomical processes and took millions of years to take their tolls on species diversity, the current one is measurable over mere decades (see the gallery of images below).
	research.amnh.org /biodiversity/crisis/extincspec.html (241 words)

	Policy argument against patenting formerly extinct species
		While the surrogate mother is usually a female of the species to be cloned, in certain instances, a surrogate mother may be chosen from a species that is closely related to the cloned species.
		The question of whether a regenerated organism from an extinct species constitutes statutory subject matter is much less clear.
		As explained supra, the bucardo, which is a type of Pyrenean mountain goat, is an example of a species that recently became extinct; the last known bucardo was crushed under a falling tree in Spain in January of 2000.
	www.vjolt.net /vol6/issue2/v6i2-a09-Jiron.html (8007 words)

	LESSON PLANS: 239 Extinct Species Lessons reviewed by Teachers
		Endangered Species - Students define extinction, name four animals and two plant species that are extinct, list three reasons why animals and plants become extinct, and create ways that would help prevent extinction.
		Fish Species May Face Threat of Extinction - Students read a CNNfyi.com article in order to explain why certain species of fish are becoming extinct and research an area of Florida in order to find environmental factors needed to keep the species alive.
		They research the plight of endangered species, create a poster of a selected animal, and present their poster and research to the class.
	www.lessonplanet.com /search/Science/Environment/Animals/Extinct_Species (425 words)

	Which Species are Extinct?
		Extinction can basically mean that the rate at which the species are dying is greater than that of which it is been produced, causing the specie to be endangered and then extinct.
		The reason this specie became extinct was mainly due to the fact that it was fearless of man and was often caught very easily.
		Because of the nature of the specie it could never be determined whether or not the specie has become completely extinct.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /andrew.walker10/noframes/noframesextinct.htm (259 words)

	Ask A Scientist - Cloning of endangered or extinct species
		In addition, some argue that introducing extinct species back into the wild may upset the natural balance and have disastrous effects on the populations of other species.
		Such concerns are probably not as relevant with recently extinct species, where their extinction has usually been caused by human interventions, such as destruction of habitats and hunting.
		Concerns remain, however, that endangered and recently extinct species could be brought back to a world where their habitats no longer exist, and they will only be able to survive in zoos.
	www.hhmi.org /cgi-bin/askascientist/highlight.pl?kw=&file=answers/general/ans_035.html (740 words)

	Victorian Rare Animals - Extinct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nearly half of the species of land mammals are considered to be rare, threatened or extinct in this state, in addition to this group making up 90% of the extinct species.
		The Tasmanian Pademelon was a prime example of a species that was once widespread and abundant in dense vegetation near Victoria's coast.
		The Western Quoll, a species which inhabited woodlands of dry country to the north-west, was extinct in Victoria from shortly after the earliest settlements.
	www.viridans.com.au /RAREAN/Varare04.htm (378 words)

	How many extinct species?
		The expected number of living species,, is found from (12.2) by multiplying both sides with and summing over all and.
		The mean existence time of vertebrate species is estimated to be some 2-3 Ma, based on fossil records, which means that for each living species, we expect some 600/(2.5 ln 42000) 23 extinct ones.
		If we roughly estimate 30 million living eukaryotic species to exist, which took some 2000 Ma to evolve, and if we adopt the vertebrate mean species existence time, we expect some 46 extinct species for each living one.
	www.bio.vu.nl /thb/course/tb/exam/exam/node33.html (699 words)

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