
	Where results make sense

Topic: Extinction ratio

Related Topics

Federal Standard 1037C

Meadowood, Pennsylvania

GNP

Indonesian language

Englewood, Colorado

Treaty of Hartford

Aberdeenshire, Scotland

JFK Airport

Economy of Argentina

ASCII

Berlin Wall

Eocene

Tiger

University of Sheffield

Medici

In the News (Tue 15 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Tektronix MBD: Applications > Signal Transmission Layer Performance Parameters
		Extinction ratio is derived from a measurement of the eye pattern signal.
		Extinction ratio is defined as the ratio of a "1" signal level to a "0" signal level:
		Extinction ratio is used to ensure that the system is not penalized due to incorrect transmitter modulation levels.
	www.tek.com /Measurement/App_Notes/2R_12719/signal.html (684 words)

	oe magazine - test talk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Extinction ratio is a measure of the amplitude of the digital modulation on the optical carrier and affects the power penalty, or distance over which a fiber-optic system can reliably transmit and receive a signal while maintaining an acceptable bit error ratio or bit error rate (BER).
		Extinction ratio is defined as the average optical energy in a logic "one" bit divided by the average optical energy in a logic "zero" bit.
		In practice, compliance measurements, including extinction ratio, are typically made in a filtered bandwidth as the filter performs an integrating effect to simulate the signal that will be seen by the decision circuit in a real system.
	oemagazine.com /fromTheMagazine/feb01/testtalk.html (708 words)

	[No title]
		The scattering ratio method of measuring particulates is an established technique in aerosol science, and it was recently demonstrated for particles suspended in a radio-frequency plasma by Shiratani and Watanabe (1992).
		The extinction ratio of the polarizer (ER) is the ratio of the power transmitted by a polarizer when it is aligned with a polarized light source compared to when it is rotated by 90deg..
		The scattering ratio [[sigma]] is the ratio of parallel (I) and perpendicular (I^) polarized scattered intensities.
	dusty.physics.uiowa.edu /~goree/papers/PSST_scat.html (3958 words)

	HFAN-02.2.0: Extinction Ratio and Power Penalty - Maxim/Dallas
		The ratio between the "one" level and the "zero" level, shown in Equation 3, is defined as the "extinction ratio," and is represented by the symbol r
		When the extinction ratio is not optimum, however, the transmitted power must be increased in order to maintain the same BER.
		This effect is especially acute for extinction ratios less than seven, where a change of one in extinction ratio translates to an approximate 10% change in required average power.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/596 (1212 words)

	Edmund Optics
		Extinction is described generally as a polarizing filterâs ability to absorb polarized light that has an orientation 90Â° to the polarizerâs axis of polarization.
		The Extinction Ratio is the ratio of power for plane-polarized light going through a polarizer with its axis oriented parallel to the plane of polarization over the power of plane-polarized light going through that same polarizer with its axis oriented perpendicular to the plane of polarization (for example, 700:1).
		The ratio between the absolute efficiency and the amount of light reflected by a plane mirror with the same coating as the grating is the relative efficiency.
	www.edmundoptics.com /techSupport/DisplayArticle.cfm?articleid=285 (5670 words)

	HFAN-02.2.2: Optical Modulation Amplitude and Extinction Ratio - Maxim/Dallas
		OMA and extinction ratio by themselves are relative quantities, since they only specify the difference or ratio of the power levels.
		In general, the practical limit on extinction ratio for a transmitter is in the range of 10 to 12.
		If we limit the power penalty and extinction ratio numbers to one decimal place (measurement of these quantities to more precision than this is difficult and unreliable) we see that the power penalty remains at a constant 1.2 for extinction ratios between 9.1 and 14.4.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm?an_pk=2710 (2143 words)

	Calibration of A \|Mie-Rayleigh Coastal LIDAR Using the Horizontal Shot Technique
		The difficulties arise from the uncertainty in the aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio and the lidar calibration.
		The aerosol extinction is derived from the differential transmission measurements.
		5), the ratio of the aerosol single scatter albedo is equal to the ratio of the phase function required to obtain constant extinction values with distance over the correct phase function.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /lidar/Japan2000_lidar_paper.htm (2365 words)

	High contrast liquid crystal display devices - Patent 4527864
		The high extinction ratio polarizers get the full contrast and density capability from the liquid crystal cell while the dichroic dye prevents the buildup of the contrast limiting orthogonal mode of the polarized light passing therethrough, thus, further increasing the optical contrast and density.
		By extinction ratio it is meant the intensity of the light passed by two parallel polarizers divided by the value for the crossed case.
		In Table 1(b), the on axis white light photopic contrast ratio of a 10 micron thick LCD cell filled with Merck liquid crystal #1132, a biphenyl mixture, is shown with polarizers which have a wide range of extinction ratios.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4527864.html (6699 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The detector system 512 measures the extinction ratio of the sampled proportion 516a of the output light 106 and, optionally, the intensity of the sampled proportion 516b of the input light.
		The extinction ratio of the sampled proportion 516a or the ratio of the two sampled proportions 516a-516b is related to the extinction ratio of the output light 106.
		The controller of claim 18, wherein the optimal extinction ratio is approximately a maximum extinction ratio for the liquid crystal cell, if the liquid crystal cell is in a non-polarization rotating state.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/107081.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3408 words)

	[No title]
		To calculate extinction ratio, an analyzer divides a signal's mean high power by its mean low power.
		One such measurement, called contrast ratio or suppression ratio, compares the peak of the logic-1 pulse to the trough or "pit" of the signal.
		Contrast ratio doesn't give you a direct measure of communication system performance, but it provides you with a numeric value for how pulse shapes change as they travel through a fiber.
	www.reed-electronics.com /TMWORLD/index.asp?layout=articlePrint&articleID=CA239853 (1785 words)

	Hewlett-Packard Journal: High-speed digital transmitter characterization using eye diagram analysis - Technical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The standards specify extinction ratio and eye mask measurements on the transmitted eye diagram to help ensure that transmitters from various vendors are compatible.(1)(2) The eye diagram shown in Fig.
		Although the definition of extinction ratio is relatively straightforward, the measurement methodology to determine the mean logic levels is not specified in the standards, such as SDH standard G.957.
		Repeatable extinction ratio measurements are often difficult to obtain, particularly extinction ratio measurements of the low-power optical signals common in these systems.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HPJ/is_n4_v45/ai_16226058 (1384 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Differences and Congruencies between PVA Packages: the Importance of Sex Ratio for Predictions of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Because extinction (zero population size) acts as an absorbing boundary for the simulation replicates, when the extinction probability increases, the mean population size will decrease.
		In contrast, a sex ratio imbalance is possible in the individual-based packages, as the total number of females available for breeding may temporarily constitute either less or more than 50% of the total population, because of demographic stochasticity in survival or sex ratio at birth.
		The predicted extinction risk from this model, 1.6%, was not significantly different from that predicted by the conventional single-sex matrix model of 2.4% (based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov confidence interval test).
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /eco/vol4/iss1/art6/main.html (3847 words)

	[No title]
		The ratio between the "one" level and the "zero" level, shown in Equation 3, is defined as the "extinction ratio," and is represented by the symbol re.
		When the extinction ratio is not optimum, however, the transmitted power must be increased in order to maintain the same BER at the receiver.
		The power penalty is defined as the ratio of the average power required for a given value of re to the average power required for the ideal case of re =.
	www.planetanalog.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=12802008 (1378 words)

	schedules of reinforcement/interval/ratio/extinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ratio schedule require a certain number of operant responses (e.g., 10 responses) to produce the next reinforcer.
		Fixed Ratio schedules support a high rate of response until a reinforcer is received, after which a discernible pause in responding may be seen, especially with large ratios.
		A special and important schedule of reinforcement is extinction, in which the reinforcement of a response is discontinued.
	www.psychology.uiowa.edu /Faculty/wasserman/Glossary/schedules.html (362 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The applicant has observed that switches of the known type generally have an extinction ratio smaller than that usually required, and therefore it may sometimes be necessary to connect two or more switches in cascade in order to obtain the required value of the extinction ratio.
		In practice, when the variation of the extinction ratio as a function of the position of the first end within the multimodality region is observed, it is possible to observe the presence of a plurality of peaks.
		In particular, the extinction ratio of the device 50 has particularly high values when one end of the electrodes 52, 53 is placed in specified longitudinal positions of the multimodal region.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/38933.010531&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8896 words)

	Lightwave - The increasing importance of extinction ratio in telecommunications
		Extinction ratio is an important measure of the quality of an optical signal, especially for modern transmitters.
		Extinction ratio is commonly misunderstood, can be harder to measure than other parameters, and is traded for performance with other parameters such as chirp
		For low power levels or very poor extinction ratios, the histograms start to overlap, and at some point the ability to discern a "0" and "1" is very difficult and results in large errors.
	lw.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=237430&p=13 (1545 words)

	Phoenix Couplers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Extinction ratios above 50dB are readily achievable whilst maintaining extremely low transmission loss of the required polarization mode.
		These are the maximum extinction ratios typically achievable for each of the options.
		The high-grade range shows the full capability of the evanescent field technology providing very high extinction ratio with low excess loss of the required polarization state over a wide band of wavelengths.
	www.photonic-insight.com /product9.html (657 words)

	Tutorial: PM fiber termination
		The two most critical measures of a terminated PM fiber are extinction ratio and key alignment accuracy.
		Extinction ratio can be easily degraded by inappropriate adhesives or untested curing procedures.
		Over specified the fiber length is not only costly but also a potential source of extinction ratio degradation.
	www.princetel.com /tutorial_pmft.asp (375 words)

	Multicolor liquid crystal display with a dead front - Patent 4506956
		If very high extinction ratio polarizers such as Polaroid HN32's are used, the contrast increases substantially, a value of 46.7 is obtained.
		The liquid crystal device is the transmissive, twisted-nematic type having high extinction ratio polarizers on the input and output sides and it functions as a light shutter for the display.
		High extinction ratio polarizers 324 and 326 are attached to the input and output sides of the liquid crystal display 320 as discussed before with reference to FIG.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4506956.html (8294 words)

	Yenra Glossary E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Eccentricity - The ratio of the distance from the center of an ellipse to its foci on the semimajor axis.
		error ratio - The ratio of the number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks incorrectly received to the total number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks sent during a specified time interval.
		extinction coefficient - The sum of the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient.
	www.yenra.com /glossary/e.html (7917 words)

	Alpine Research Optics - High Performance Laser Optics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In particular, a polarizer of this new type designed for operation at 1064 nm has an operating range of 65 nm and an extinction ratio of over 500:1.
		Previously available devices offering this extinction ratio possessed bandwidths of less than 10 nm.
		When working with monochromatic laser sources, a broad bandwidth coating offers greater temperature stability, as well as the ability to operate over a wider range of incidence angles and hence with highly divergent or convergent beams.
	www.arocorp.com /pr_031802.htm (233 words)

	Untitled Document
		The dual-loop control of both average power and extinction ratio provides consistent optical performance by compensating for temperature variations and aging effects in the laser diode.
		Operating at a 3.3 V supply voltage, the ADN2843 also augments the power, integration and cost advantages of directly-coupled applications-those where the laser and laser driver are packaged together for maximum space and power benefits, such as small form factor (SFF) modules-without sacrificing driver performance.
		That on-board control of power and extinction ratio reduces the external component count to three preset pots (power set, extinction ratio set, and alarm level set), a handful of capacitors and an inductor.
	www.analogzone.com /avp_0128.htm (649 words)

	Definition: extinction ratio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		): The ratio of two optical power levels,
		is the power level generated when the light source is "off." Note: The extinction ratio may be expressed as a fraction or in dB.
		This HTML version of Telecom Glossary 2K was last generated on Wed May 8 15:36:48 MDT 2002.
	www.its.bldrdoc.gov /projects/devglossary/_extinction_ratio.html (78 words)

	Catalogue: III/130
		III/130 Wavelength Dependence of Galactic UV Extinction (Aiello+ 1988) ================================================================================ Atlas of the Wavelength Dependence of Ultraviolet Extinction in the Galaxy Aiello S., Barsella B., Chlewicki G., Greenberg J.M., Patriarchi P., Perinotto M.
		Ser., 73, 195-208 (1988)> =1988A&AS...73..195A ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Extinction ; Spectra, ultraviolet Description: A collection of data for 115 extinction curves derived from low-dispersion IUE spectra are presented with normalization to E(B-V)=1.
		The electronic Atlas of Extinctions contains the list of the stars used, their association membership, and the normalized extinctions for 88 wavelength values between 1260 and 3000 Angstroems.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /cgi-bin/Cat?III/130 (323 words)

	Fiber Optics Online: Digital Marketplace for the telecommunications industry
		Automatic extinction ratio measurement device PCA2000B measures and displays extinction ratio in real time.
		Extinction ratio (dB), direction of principal axis (q degrees) and ellipticity (g degrees) are displayed in real time.
		Extinction ratios of a laser beam propagating in free space and the beam issuing from a fiber can be measured easily.
	www.fiberopticsonline.com /nl/76982/1056271 (191 words)

	LEOSS - Polarimetric temperature sensor: extinction ratio and sensing length examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		LEOSS - Polarimetric temperature sensor: extinction ratio and sensing length examination
		We theoretically and experimentally investigated the influences of the sensing and lead fiber length, the extinction ratio of the input polarizer and the coherence properties of the light source for polarimetric temperature measurements.
		We have shown that there is a possibility to construct a relatively simple and inexpensive fiber optic polarimetric thermometer for absolute temperature measurements by using a low ER polarizer and a low coherent source.
	leoss.feri.uni-mb.si /mag_miha.html (277 words)

	Polarization Maintaining WDM
		The polarization maintaining (PM) WDM for EDFA multiplexes polarized signal with pump and maintains the output signal with high extinction ratio.
		It utilizes advanced micro-optic filter technology to yield wideband, low insertion loss, high polarization extinction, high return loss in a compact package.
		The polarization maintaining (PM) WDM multiplexes PM signals (1300/1550) and maintains the output polarization with high extinction ratio using advanced micro-optic filter technology.
	www.microopticsinc.com /pmwdm.html (199 words)

	(WO 03/107081) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING EXTINCTION RATIO IN A LIQUID CRYSTAL POLARIZATION CONTROLLER ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		(57) A polarization controller (500) includes: a liquid crystal cell (102), a mechanism for determining a compensation voltage (502); and a voltage driving circuit (508) for applying the compensation voltage to the liquid crystal cell (102), where the application of the compensation voltage optimizes an extinction ratio of the liquid crystal cell (102).
		The controller (500) controls the extinction ratio using an applied voltage (506) to compensate for temperature changes, liquid crystal cell gap variations, and other errors of the liquid crystal cell.
		This controller (500) is aimed at liquid crystal devices used in a wide ambient temperature range and is also useful to compensate for the fabrication errors of the liquid crystal switches.
	wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/107081.031224&... (255 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)