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Topic: Extracellular

Related Topics

Intracellular

Extracellular fluid

Interstitial fluid

Blood plasma

Electrolyte

Potassium

Hurling

	The Extracellular Matrix
		The cells of connective tissue are embedded in a great amount of extracellular material.
		The extracellular matrix of cartilage and bone is secreted by specialized cells derived from fibroblasts:
		Most normal vertebrate cells cannot survive unless they are anchored to the extracellular matrix.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/ECM.html (752 words)

	Extracellular Matrix
		The extracellular matrix consists of all the material in a multicellular organism that is not part of a cell.
		Perhaps the most critical part of the extracellular matrix is its provision of an appropriate and nutrient-filled environment for the cells, and to both carry nutrients to the cells and waste products away from them.
		The extracellular matrix contains integrins, which are cellular adhesion molecules that stick to particular places on the cell membrane.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Extracellular_Matrix (220 words)

	Extracellular - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means "outside the cell".
		This space is usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
		The term 'extracellular' is often used in reference to the extracellular fluid (ECF) which composes about 15 litres of the average human body.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extracellular (213 words)

	The Extracellular Matrix of Animals
		The vertebrate extracellular matrix was once thought to serve mainly as a relatively inert scaffold to stabilize the physical structure of tissues.
		We focus on the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, but the origins of the extracellular matrix are very ancient and virtually all multicellular organisms, make it; examples include the cuticles of worms and insects, the shells of mollusks, and, as we discuss later, the cell walls of plants.
		The extracellular domains of these transmembrane proteoglycans carry up to three chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate GAG chains, while their intracellular domains are thought to interact with the actin cytoskeleton in the cell cortex.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.3532 (8975 words)

	PA-03-167: AGING MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The extracellular matrix is involved in normal tissue function on a number of levels, including regulation of cell fate, growth and function within the tissue.
		The extracellular matrix may have an influence on vascular function and neurological function, and the converse may also be true.
		Objectives and Scope This PA is intended to encourage basic research into aging effects on extracellular matrix and how those changes in extracellular matrix composition and organization contribute to the altered function seen with aging in the musculoskeletal system and skin.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-03-167.html (3807 words)

	Extracellular fluid Summary
		The extracellular fluid filtered from the blood vessels (arterial capillaries) into the extracellular matrix flows among the cells transporting nutrients and chemical messengers and receives from cells metabolites, ions, proteins, and other substances, and is then reabsorbed by either the venous or the lymphatic capillaries.
		The regulation of extracellular fluid volume is crucial to avoid edema and for the maintenance of arterial pressure.
		In humans, the normal glucose concentration of extracellular fluid that is regulated by homeostasis is approximately 5 mM.
	www.bookrags.com /Extracellular_fluid (607 words)

	EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM)
		The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structural entity surrounding and supporting cells that are found within mammalian tissues.
		Accompanying fibril formation is the oxidation of certain lysine residues by the extracellular enzyme lysyl oxidase foming reactive aldehydes.
		Marfan's syndrome manifests itself as a disorder of the connective tissue and was believed to be the result of abnormal collagens.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/extracellularmatrix.html (820 words)

	Extracellular Calcium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The extracellular space is not empty, but instead comprises a complex network of proteins and a variety of molecular species.
		One extracellular species, calcium, holds a prominent position as one of the most important messengers known in the brain.
		As opposed to the traditional view that extracellular calcium exists at a stable concentration, we explore the hypothesis that calcium concentrations may change.
	nba.uth.tmc.edu /homepage/eagleman/calcium.html (981 words)

	Cancer Cell International \| Full text \| Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the extracellular DNA delivered ...
		It is demonstrated that the extracellular DNA fragments in several minutes reach the nuclear space, where they are processed so that their linear size increases from about 500 bp to 10,000 bp.
		It was found that extracellular DNA is imported into plant mitochondria, where it is accumulated and is either transcribed or used as a substrate for repair synthesis [17].
		The amounts of extracellular DNA delivered to cell compartments are estimated as tenths of a percent to percents of the DNA present in the culture medium.
	www.cancerci.com /content/6/1/23 (7044 words)

	Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular Recordings in the Hippocampus In Vivo -- Henze et al. 84 (1): 390 -- ...
		The path of the extracellular electrode is marked by blood on withdrawal of the tetrode.
		of the extracellular spike decreased, the slope of the positive-going
		The relationship between the late notable inflection on the extracellular spike and the peak of the intracellular action potential is indicated by the dotted vertical line.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/1/390 (7364 words)

	Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a biologically active tissue composed of a complex mixture of macromolecules, that in addition to serving a structural function, also profoundly affects the cellular physiology of an organism.
		Eukaryotic cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation are examples of biological processes influenced by the composition and structural organization of surrounding extracellular matrices.
		The ECM not only affects the behavior of cells of the host organism, but also can serve as a substrate for the attachment and colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.
	www.labs.ibt.tamhsc.edu /hook (155 words)

	Simultaneous Recovery of Extracellular and Intracellular DNA Suitable for Molecular Studies from Marine Sediments -- ...
		to extracellular DNA (3, 5, 7, 8, 23).
		The adsorption of extracellular DNA in the sediment
		The results are for intracellular and extracellular DNA fractions from sediments collected in the deep western Mediterranean Sea (WMS), in the Adriatic Sea (AS), and in the southern Pacific Ocean (SPO).
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/1/46 (3981 words)

	Extracellular glutathione peroxidase induction in asthmatic lungs: evidence for redox regulation of expression in human ...
		Extracellular glutathione peroxidase induction in asthmatic lungs: evidence for redox regulation of expression in human airway epithelial cells -- COMHAIR et al.
		Extracellular glutathione peroxidase induction in asthmatic lungs: evidence for redox regulation of expression in human airway epithelial cells
		in response to increased intracellular or extracellular ROS in
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/15/1/70 (5909 words)

	Extracellular matrix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology, extracellular matrix (ECM) is any material part of a tissue that is not part of any cell.
		Extracellular matrix is the defining feature of connective tissue.
		The integrins transmit mechanical stimuli from the ECM to the cytoskeleton.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extracellular_matrix (286 words)

	Mechanisms for maintaining extracellular glutamate levels in the anoxic turtle striatum -- Milton et al. 282 (5): 1317 ...
		Effects of anoxia on extracellular levels of inhibitory and excitatory amino acids measured by intracerebral microdialysis in the striatum of freshwater turtles exposed to 4-h anoxia at 25°C. Time 0 indicates the start of ventilation on 99.99% nitrogen.
		Massieu, L, Morales-Villagran A, and Tapia R. Accumulation of extracellular glutamate by inhibition of its uptake is not sufficient for inducing neuronal damage: an in vivo microdialysis study.
		Muscarinic receptors regulate extracellular glutamate levels in the rat striatum: an in vivo microdialysis study.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/5/R1317 (4250 words)

	Extracellular Cyclic AMP and Adenosine Appearance in Adipose Tissue of Sus scrofa: Effects of Exercise -- Carey et al. ...
		Extracellular Cyclic AMP and Adenosine Appearance in Adipose Tissue of Sus scrofa: Effects of Exercise -- Carey et al.
		The fate of extracellular cAMP in adipose tissue is unknown.
		The role of cyclic AMP as a precursor of extracellular adenosine in the rat hippocampus.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/229/10/1026 (3547 words)

	Extracellular ATP stimulates volume decrease in Necturus red blood cells -- Light et al. 277 (3): C480 -- AJP - Cell ...
		Despite recent reports concerning the physiology of extracellular ATP, there is a paucity of data on the role of ATP in RVD.
		Blockade by glibenclamide of the flow-evoked endothelial release of ATP that contributes to vasodilation in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat.
		Calcium mobilization and entry induced by extracellular ATP in the non-sensory epithelial cell of the cochlear lateral wall.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/3/C480 (6655 words)

	The Extracellular Transport Signal of the Vibrio cholerae Endochitinase (ChiA) Is a Structural Motif Located between ...
		C are required for its extracellular transport (14).
		Endochitinase is transported to the extracellular milieu by the eps-encoded general secretory pathway of Vibrio cholerae.
		Extracellular secretion of pullulanase is unaffected by minor sequence changes but is usually prevented by adding reporter proteins to its N- or C-terminal end.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/8/2225 (5565 words)

	Fibulin-5 Is a Novel Binding Protein for Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase -- Nguyen et al. 95 (11): 1067 -- ...
		Vascular expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase in atherosclerosis.
		Extracellular superoxide dismutase is a major determinant of nitric oxide bioavailability: in vivo and ex vivo evidence from ecSOD-deficient mice.
		Human extracellular superoxide dismutase is a tetramer composed of two disulphide-linked dimers: a simplified, high-yield purification of extracellular superoxide dismutase.
	circres.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/95/11/1067 (4338 words)

	Electrical Resistances of Interstitial and Microvascular Space as Determinants of the Extracellular Electrical Field ...
		Note that the extracellular electrode at the base of the muscle remains in place, whereas the position of the apical electrode is changed.
		Kléber AG, Yan G-X. The effect of the finite extracellular resistance on impulse conduction in the ventricular myocardium.
		Electrical uncoupling and increase of extracellular resistance after induction of ischemia in isolated, arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscle.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/92/3/587 (4435 words)

	The extracellular versus intracellular mechanisms of inhibition of TCR-triggered activation in thymocytes by adenosine ...
		The extracellular versus intracellular mechanisms of inhibition of TCR-triggered activation in thymocytes by adenosine under conditions of inhibited adenosine deaminase
		Extracellular adenosine antagonizes the TCR-induced apoptosis of thymocytes in the absence but not in the presence of normal levels of ADA activity.
		Effects of extracellular adenosine on survival of TCR-transgenic thymocytes were examined in the presence of different concentrations of specific antigenic peptide as indicated.
	intimm.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/2/179 (5740 words)

	Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors in Modulating Extracellular Adenosine Levels -- Andresen et al. 291 (1): 76 -- Journal ...
		Adenosine, and in some samples cAMP, in the extracellular fluid were measured by HPLC, using fluorometric detection.
		Effects of 10 nM DPCPX on extracellular levels of adenosine in normal rat cardiac fibroblasts and in rat cardiac fibroblasts coincubated with 200 ng/ml pertussis toxin or 1 µM AMPCP.
		Effects of 10 nM DPCPX on extracellular levels of adenosine in control rat cardiac fibroblasts and in cardiac fibroblasts treated with 10 µM isoproterenol.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/291/1/76 (2896 words)

	Extracellular ATP Inhibits Root Gravitropism at Concentrations That Inhibit Polar Auxin Transport -- Tang et al. 131 ...
		Extracellular ATP Inhibits Root Gravitropism at Concentrations That Inhibit Polar Auxin Transport -- Tang et al.
		In animal cells, extracellular ATP is a regulatory molecule.
		An alternative explanation for the results described is that extracellular ATP is functioning as a signal in plant gravitropism.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/131/1/147 (5458 words)

	Basic Sciences - Extracellular Matrix Pathology
		The research goal of the Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, LP, CCR, NCI is to further our understanding of the mechanisms of cell-extracellular matrix interactions which regulate cell behavior during tumor progression and angiogenesis.
		These processes require remodeling of the extracellular matrix that occurs in a spatially and temporally controlled fashion.
		All TIMP family members are secreted into the extracellular milieu and have a similar size core protein of 182-194 amino acids with 12 cysteine residues that form six intramolecular disulfides.
	home.ncifcrf.gov /ccr/lop/Research/extracellular/default.asp (1566 words)

	Extracellular Matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is the collective term for the fibers and ground substance which house the cells of the tissue.
		Extracellular matrices can exist in three states: solid, semi-solid, and liquid.
		Blood and lymph are connective tissues with liquid extracellular matrices.
	www.scientia.org /cadonline/Biology/specialcells/extracell.ASP (165 words)

	InterPro: IPR008154 Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This entry represents an extracellular domain that is usually found at the N-terminal of amyloidogenic glycoproteins such as amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP, or A4).
		The N-terminal region is similar in structure to cysteine-rich growth factors and appears to function as a cell surface receptor, contributing to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion, axonogenesis and cell mobility [ 3 ].
		Cellular component is the part of a cell of which a gene product is a component; GO includes the extracellular environment of cells; a gene product may be a component of one or more parts of a cell.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR008154 (3331 words)

	The Extracellular Matrix
		All epithelial cells as well as some other types (e.g., smooth muscle cells) are attached to a basal lamina (also known as the basement membrane) [View].
		The cells of connective tissue are embedded in a great amount of extracellular material.
		The extracellular matrix of cartilage and bone is secreted by specialized cells derived from fibroblasts:
	home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/E/ECM.html (752 words)

	Modeling Extracellular Field Potentials and the Frequency-Filtering Properties of Extracellular Space -- Bédard ...
		The extracellular potential was calculated from a conductance-based spiking neuron model (identical to that of Fig.
		The inset in C (Overlay) shows the traces at 5 and 1000 µm overlaid, which are almost superimposable (compare with inset in Fig.
		We assumed that the geometry of extracellular inhomogeneities
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/86/3/1829 (4836 words)

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