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14 point Program for the Prevention of Extrajudicial Executions Extrajudicial executions are fundamental violations of human rights and an affront to the conscience of humanity. The prohibition of extrajudicial executions and the essential safeguards for their prevention must not be suspended under any circumstances, including states of war or other public emergency. The prohibition of extrajudicial executions should be reflected in the training of all officials involved in the arrest and custody of prisoners and all officials authorized to use lethal force, and in the instructions issued to them. www.amnestyusa.org /page.do?n=777   (1041 words)

Extrajudicial punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Extrajudicial punishment is physical punishment without the permission of a court or legal authority. One interpretation behind the concept of extrajudicial punishment is that governments will break their own legal code when it is necessary for them to do so. Extrajudicial punishment is a typical feature of totalitarian and other politically repressive regimes using death squads for this purpose, but even self-proclaimed or internationally recognized democracies have been known to use extrajudicial punishment under certain circumstances. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extrajudicial   (582 words)

YCJA Explained - Resource Manual for Police- Extrajudicial Measures - Principles and Objectives   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Extrajudicial measures are often the most appropriate and effective way to address youth crime. Extrajudicial measures are presumed to be adequate to hold a young person accountable if the young person has committed a non-violent offence and has not previously been found guilty of an offence. Extrajudicial measures should be used if they are adequate to hold a young person accountable and they may be used if the young person has previously been dealt with by extrajudicial measures or has previously been found guilty of an offence. canada.justice.gc.ca /en/ps/yj/repository/workbooks/police/ejm/principles.html   (1111 words)

Fact Sheet No.11 (Rev.1), Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) The "situations of extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary execution" which the Special Rapporteur is requested to examine include all acts and omissions of State representatives that constitute a violation of the general recognition of the right to life embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. One of the most prevalent targets of extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions continued to be persons involved in struggles to secure land rights, to prevent or combat racial, ethnic or religious discrimination or to secure respect for their social, cultural, economic, civil and political rights. Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions can only be prevented if there is a genuine will on the part of Governments not only to enforce the safeguards and guarantees for the protection of the right to life of every person, but also to strengthen them further. www.unhchr.ch /html/menu6/2/fs11.htm   (5651 words)

YCJA Explained - Resource Manual for Police- Extrajudicial Measures - Types of Extrajudicial Measures   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Extrajudicial sanctions, known as alternative measures under the YOA, are a type of extrajudicial measure that is intended for more serious offences and offenders than would be dealt with by warnings, cautions and referrals. An extrajudicial sanction cannot be used if the young person denies in the offence or wishes to have the charge dealt with by the youth court. The fact that an extrajudicial sanction has been used with respect to a young person who is alleged to have committed an offence does not take away the power to lay a charge or to proceed with a prosecution. canada.justice.gc.ca /en/ps/yj/repository/workbooks/police/ejm/types.html   (2118 words)

University of Minnesota Human Rights Library Extrajudicial executions are related, in most cases, to excesses committed by officers of the National Police, who act beyond the bounds of their authority and abuse their power in actions that end in the death of the victims. On the one hand are the violations carried out by the security forces in the performance of the activities particular to their functions, and on the other are violations committed by the agents of those bodies when off duty. Even though extrajudicial executions are crimes that should be investigated by the authorities on their own initiative, the victims' next-of-kin have had to turn to the judicial authorities to investigate the facts; they have even asked the President of the Nation to take measures to put an end to such crimes. www1.umn.edu /humanrts/iachr/country-reports/dominican1999-ch4.html   (2023 words)

SPECIAL RAPPORTEURS ON RELIGION, EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLINGS, TORTURE URGE THIRD COMMITTEE DELEGATES TO BUILD CULTURE OF ... She reiterated her strong conviction that human rights could best be respected in a culture of democracy, and no democratic process was sustainable without the support of independent legal and judicial systems.  Without those basic ingredients, the right to life could not be guaranteed. She accepted that perhaps she should not include extrajudicial killings of persons on account of sexual orientation under the heading of "sexual minorities". The representative of Finland, supporting the statement made on behalf of the European Union, defined extrajudicial and summary killings, and noted that his delegation would be sponsoring the Committee's resolution on the matter. www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2002/gashc3714.doc.htm   (1169 words)

Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540 (1994). But the Court proceeds to discern in the statute an extrajudicial source interpretive doctrine, under which the source of an alleged deep seated predisposition is a primary factor in the analysis. Given the flaws with prior attempts to justify the doctrine, the Court advances a new rationale: The doctrine arises from the pejorative connotation of the term "bias or prejudice" in §§ 144 and 455(b)(1) and the converse of the term "impartiality" in § 455(a). I would apply the statute as written to all charges of partiality, extrajudicial or otherwise, secure in my view that district and appellate judges possess the wisdom and good sense to distinguish substantial from insufficient allegations and that our rules, as so interpreted, are sufficient to correct the occasional departure. www.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/92-6921.ZC.html   (3019 words)

The Manila Times Internet Edition | OPINION > Extrajudicial settlement of estates “Extrajudicial Settlement of Estate,” which connotes the partition and distribution of property[ies] left by the deceased, is governed by Rule 74 of the Rules of Court. Under the rules, the fact of the extrajudicial settlement or administration shall be published once a week for three consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the province. No extrajudicial settlement will be binding upon any person who has not participated therein or had no notice thereof. www.manilatimes.net /national/2006/oct/14/yehey/opinion/20061014opi3.html   (500 words)

Algeria-Watch: Extrajudicial Killings The term ‘extrajudicial killing’ signifies a type of killing that takes place outside of the legal framework (for example, the enforcement of the death penalty does not constitute an extrajudicial killing) and is conducted by state authorities or by non-state authorities with the endorsement or knowledge of the State. Neither the magnitude of the phenomenon of the extrajudicial killing, nor its standing as an execution, a campaign of revenge or a deterrent is discussed in the ONDH reports. In dealing with extrajudicial killings, it is necessary to differentiate between the different types of attacks, as well as to describe the motive of the perpetrators with regard to their acts. www.algeria-watch.org /en/aw/extrajudicial_killings.htm   (7605 words)

Éducaloi - Jeune pour jeunes - Other measures - Extrajudicial sanctions As well, an extrajudicial sanction will only be applied if people such as the Crown prosecutor believe it will be enough to hold the youth accountable for his actions. Since the offences that he committed are violent, the youth worker suggests that his extrajudicial sanction should include participation in an anger management workshop as part of a program to improve his social skills. Extrajudicial sanctions are like the “alternative measures” that were used under the old law (the Young Offenders Act). www.educaloi.qc.ca /en/jeunes/criminal_law/other_measures/308/imprimer   (1063 words)

[No title] The most important restrictions contained in other canons to consider when evaluating extrajudicial activity are Canon 1's mandate that a judge uphold the independence of the judiciary; Canon 2's prohibition against impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all activities; and Canon 7's restrictions on political activity. Under this directive, a federal judge's extrajudicial participation in an activity directed toward improving the law nonetheless may be impermissible to the extent that it enmeshes the judge in, or subordinates the judge to, the operation of a state or local government. Although in both cases we observed that such extrajudicial activity was law-related, it was prohibited because it could compromise the independence of the federal judiciary. www.uscourts.gov /guide/vol2/93.html   (1856 words)

The Supreme Court Historical Society Extrajudicial contact with a matter may inhibit the impartial consideration of that matter in the context of litigation. Finally, regardless of whether an extrajudicial activity affects judicial behavior, it may create doubt--an ambiguity--in the minds of those who must have confidence that judges will be fair, those without whose confidence the judicial fiat stands in danger of disrespect. Forbidding extrajudicial activity is, in a sense, at odds with the democratic notion that political society benefits from the participation of its members. www.supremecourthistory.org /04_library/subs_volumes/04_c12_j.html   (4727 words)

The Human Rights Blog: ASIA: Extrajudicial killings, disappearances, torture and other forms of gross human rights ... In response to local and international criticism of abductions, disappearances, extrajudicial killings, torture and other forms of serious crimes and gross abuses of human rights, the president has appointed a local commission of inquiry, and a group of people from the international community has been given permission to observe their work. Extrajudicial killings, in fact, have increased in 2006 as the government has failed to stop the killings. Violations continue to be committed by all sides, including abductions, torture and extrajudicial killings, and this violence will persist while the culture of impunity that has accompanied the widespread abuses of the past continues in the country. www.humanrightsblog.org /archives/003182.html   (5139 words)

cam016 Amnesty condemns extrajudicial executions in Cameroon These executions were put in relation to other well-documented extrajudicial executions by special police forces in the northern city of Maroua in 1998 and 1999. A government minister denied all allegations of a mass grave, stating that the bodies recently found were buried as apart of a large number on 12 August by a hospital regularly relieving its morgue from non-retrieved bodies. It is accused of the large-scale extrajudicial executions after conducting what in many cases appear to be indiscriminate round-ups of criminal suspects. www.afrol.com /News/cam016_ai_massgrave.htm   (787 words)

India: Extrajudicial killings under the spotlight Extrajudicial killings are not isolated occurrences in India; as former civil servant and social activist S.R. Sankaran puts it, they are part of a “deliberate and conscious state administrative practice” for which successive Indian governments must bear responsibility. As observed by the US State Department, “court action in cases of extrajudicial killings is slow and uncertain.” The reality of the Indian judicial system is that long delays are the rule rather than the exception, and such delays are measured in years rather than months. The failure to ensure that cases of extrajudicial killings are concluded within a reasonable period of time contributes to the climate of impunity that allows extrajudicial killings to continue to occur throughout India. www.hrdc.net /sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF71.htm   (1453 words)

Angola: Extrajudicial executions and torture in Cabinda - Amnesty International   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Unarmed civilians are being extrajudicially executed and tortured in the context of a little known war in Cabinda, where government soldiers are facing armed factions of the Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda [1]. They must ensure that all suspected cases of extrajudicial execution and all complaints and reports of torture are promptly and impartially investigated and that those responsible are brought to justice. Ensure that all law enforcement officials are aware of their obligations under national and international law, to protect the right to life and to respect the right not to be tortured or subjected to other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR120021998?open&of=ENG-2F3   (3703 words)

Uttar Pradesh - Police Brutality Unchecked In the 1960s, the euphemism 'encounter killings' began to be used to describe extrajudicial killings because of the frequency with which officials would claim that the deceased had been killed in an 'encounter' with police. Entrenched problems within India's judicial system contribute to the climate of impunity that allows extrajudicial executions to occur, and court action in cases of extrajudicial executions is slow and uncertain. The crisis of custodial deaths and extrajudicial executions in Uttar Pradesh is a problem of such enormous proportions that a systematic and thorough intervention is required. www.hrdc.net /sahrdc/hrfeatures/HRF82.htm   (1162 words)

Extrajudicial killings & human rights abuses in the Philippines In an open letter to President Arroyo on 7 September 2006, the IFI Executive Commission, in which Bishop Ramento was a member, called on the president to voluntarily step down because of the failure of her government to stop the increasing number of extrajudicial killings in the Philippines. In response to a series of questions relating to the spate of extrajudicial killings in the Philippines and the CHR's actions concerning these, the members of the CHR stated that they only have the power to investigate case but could only make recommendations for prosecutions as a result of their investigations. Ensure that individuals and organisations are able to carry out their work without risks, threats, impediments, and that these individuals are not killed as a result of or in connection with their work, notably if this work is related to the freedoms of expression and opinion, political freedoms and human rights. www.article2.org /mainfile.php/0505/253   (7721 words)

Algeria-Watch: Extrajudicial Killings The term ‘extrajudicial killing’ signifies a type of killing that takes place outside of the legal framework (for example, the enforcement of the death penalty does not constitute an extrajudicial killing) and is conducted by state authorities or by non-state authorities with the endorsement or knowledge of the State. In dealing with extrajudicial killings, it is necessary to differentiate between the different types of attacks, as well as to describe the motive of the perpetrators with regard to their acts. In the cases of numerous extrajudicial killings, the families first learn that their relatives were „terrorists“ and that they were killed in armed confrontations with security forces through the media. www.algeria-watch.de /en/aw/extrajudicial_killings.htm   (7605 words)

Extrajudicial Killings Remain a Problem in Afghanistan - 2002-10-23   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25) Her 10 day mission here is to prepare a report on the situation in Afghanistan to be presented to the U.N. Human Rights Commission in March. Jehangir says she received reports of extrajudicial killings, dating back 23 years and continuing to the present day. Jehangir is recommending that an impartial and comprehensive commission be set up to investigate and document extrajudicial killings, over the past 23 years. www.voanews.com /english/archive/2002-10/a-2002-10-23-39-Extrajudicial.cfm   (521 words)

Scoop: Extrajudicial Killings in the Philippines Today, our Philippine allies are enjoying solid economic growth, working on a peace agreement with Muslim separatists in Mindanao, looking to bolster their democracy via Congressional elections in May, and achieving unprecedented success against al Qaeda-linked terrorists responsible for the deaths of hundreds of innocent civilians and the gruesome murders of American citizens. Extrajudicial killings, committed by the security forces, the NPA, or others, were common during the Marcos dictatorship, and have continued, albeit with less frequency, since that time. Addressing extrajudicial killings in a serious, effective way and ensuring that Philippine authorities bring those responsible to justice is important to our relationship and, of course, to the Philippines’ own democratic development. www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0703/S00306.htm   (1981 words)

Preventing extrajudicial executions (1998) The Rwandese authorities have denied that extrajudicial executions form part of government policy and have claimed that in instances where they have occurred, they have been the isolated actions of undisciplined soldiers. Amnesty International welcomes the fact that some members of the security forces have been arrested in connection with extrajudicial executions and urges the government to ensure that such steps are taken as a matter of routine, and not only on exceptional occasions. The government should disclose the number and identity of RPA soldiers arrested for alleged participation in extrajudicial executions, including details of the specific crimes of which they are accused and the progress of their case files. amnesty.org /ailib/intcam/rwanda/V2.htm   (461 words)

Extrajudicial Sanctions Program - Extrajudicial Sanctions - Corrections - Alberta Solicitor General and Public Security ... The goal of the extrajudicial sanctions program is to reduce the degree of formal criminal justice intervention into the lives of young persons. Sanctions should be negotiated bearing in mind the circumstances of the youth such as his or her age, full-time attendance in school or other day programs and the time available in which to comply with the agreement. Young persons who wilfully fail to complete the terms or abide by the conditions of their extrajudicial sanctions agreement, including the victim/young person agreement, will be unsuccessfully terminated from the program and reported to the Crown agent. www.solgen.gov.ab.ca /corrections/extrajudicial_sanctions.aspx?id=2732   (1392 words)

Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions-Annual Reports- These reports contain a description of his/her activities and working methods, summaries of communications between the Special Rapporteur and Governments and, if appropriate, observations on the situation of the right to life in specific countries. The report is publicly discussed by the Commission on Human Rights at its annual session, a discussion in which representatives of both Governments and non-governmental organizations actively participate and which so far has always led to the adoption of a resolution on the subject. Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions: Report by the Special Rapporteur. www.ohchr.org /english/issues/executions/annual.htm   (639 words)

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