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Topic: Extraterrestrial intelligence

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	Scientific American: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Since intelligence and technology have a high survival value it seems likely that primitive life forms on the planets of other stars, evolving over many billions of years, would occasionally develop intelligence, civilization and a high technology.
		Intelligence and technology have developed on the earth about halfway through the stable period in the lifetime of the sun.
		The Cyclops system not only would have enormous power for searching for extraterrestrial intelligence but also would be In extraordinary tool for radar studies If the bodies in the solar system, for traditional radio astronomy outside the solar system and for the tracking of pace vehicles to distances beyond the each of present receivers.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000B35F3-A4B2-1C59-B882809EC588ED9F (4514 words)

	Declaration of Principles (Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence)
		If the evidence cannot be confirmed as indicating the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence, the discoverer may disseminate the information as appropriate to the discovery of any unknown phenomenon.
		A confirmed detection of extraterrestrial intelligence should be disseminated promptly, openly, and widely through scientific channels and public media, observing the procedures of this declaration.
		Should credible evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence be discovered, an international committee of scientists and other experts should be established to serve as a focal point for continuing analysis of all observational evidence collected in the aftermath of the discovery, and also to provide advice on the release of information to the public.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/D/Declar.html (678 words)

	Peter Ericson \| Extraterrestrial Intelligence Discovered: Consequences for Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I have chosen the above definition of intelligence because it is the one we understand at least to some extent, but the reader should bear in mind that intelligence does not necessarily manifest in a form recognizable by us, thus falling outside the range of this essay.
		Even if the extraterrestrial beings are like us, the possibility that they have our view of right and wrong, justice, ethics, political systems, religion, and so on is infinitesimal because they most likely have not evolved under the same conditions that we have.
		The first contact with an extraterrestrial intelligence could be with an artificial intelligence sent out by a civilization or representing a civilization of intelligent machines that has "lived on" when their creators and their civilization died.
	pericson.com /etc/extraterrestrial-intelligence-discovered-consequences-for-society (2911 words)

	Extraterrestrial Intelligence in Our Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The fundamental importance of intelligent life in the universe can be confirmed by some of the thought-provoking mental exercises in chapter 2.
		Intelligent life forms that are destructively aggressive and irresponsible will usually eliminate themselves or revert back to primitive conditions before they achieve interstellar communication or travel (Harrison, 198l).
		Intelligent life will have countless billions of years to advance and change before there is any need to adjust to the various stages of the "end" of the physical universe.
	www.ufoindia.org /article_allantough_intelrole.htm (5460 words)

	Pharyngula::A little pessimism about Extraterrestrial Intelligence
		The Fermi Paradox is a conundrum proposed by pioneer physicist Enrico Fermi that questions the likelihood of Intelligent Extraterrestrial life.
		It begins with the Drake Equation or some derivative which guesstimates the possible number of intelligent civilizations in the universe, and then extrapolates expansion rates into the universe from a point location within the cosmos of that species or culture.
		Once an intelligence has ensconced itself in a comfortable shell of civilization, there's no further incentive to be smarter, and there's even pressure to be less clever and fit in.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/a_little_pessimism_about_extraterrestrial_intelligence (3437 words)

	Extraterrestrial Intelligence In the Solar System: Resolving the Fermi Paradox
		The assertion that extraterrestrial intelligences (ETI) do not exist, based on the apparent contradictions inherent in the Fermi Paradox, rests upon an unproven and untenable presumption: That ETI are not now present in the Solar System.
		Fermi's question "Where are they?" implicitly construes the absence of extraterrestrials on Earth as positive evidence of their nonexistence elsewhere in the Universe.
		The most easily observable extraterrestrial artifacts would be self-reproducing machine systems, the aftermath of their activity, or interstellar messenger probes.
	www.rfreitas.com /Astro/ResolvingFermi1983.htm (3958 words)

	Melvin Powers Wilshire Book Company – Extraterrestrial Intelligence: The First Encounter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		These and other questions are explored in Extraterrestrial Intelligence: The First Encounter—from the most practical issues, such as how the news of contact should be handled, to the most exciting and troubling questions of philosophy, religion, and science.
		Extraterrestrial Intelligence begins the search for a cosmic context for mankind.
		That intelligent life is natural and inherent on a cosmic scale can be understood through a combined study of astronomical and biological discoveries of the last five decades.
	www.mpowers.com /books/extraterrestrial.html (732 words)

	Naming extraterrestrial life
		Sir - The fields of extraterrestrial life, extrasolar planets, origin of life, theoretical biology, interstellar travel and communication, extraterrestrial intelligence and civilization, and SETI have no generally accepted collective nomenclature.
		This does not reflect the necessity for the extraterrestrial entities under study not to be native to Earth.
		The almost virgin xeno- prefix should be used to designate extraterrestrial entities (for example, xenobiont), concepts and subdisciplines (for example, xenobiology, xenosocialogy), and exo- reserved for life outside of but native to Earth as in human space colonies.
	www.rfreitas.com /Astro/NamingETL.htm (553 words)

	AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE DETECTION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE
		The second proposed agreement, concerning the sending of communications to extraterrestrial intelligence, was the subject of a paper by Billingham, Tarter, and Michaud, presented at the October 1990 Congress of the International Astronautical Federation in Dresden, Germany (this volume).
		Should credible evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence be discovered, the parties will establish an international committee of scientists and other experts to serve as a focal point for continuing analysis of all observational evidence collected in the aftermath of a confirmed discovery, and also provide advice on the release of information to the public.
		The drafters of a communication to extraterrestrial intelligence will consider detailed information about mankind to be a commodity of high value which will not be transmitted without due attention to human security and well-being, and to reciprocity.
	www.setv.org /online_mss/michaud92.html (2406 words)

	SETI: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Since the beginning of civilization, people have wondered if we are alone in the universe or whether there is intelligent life somewhere else.
		In the late twentieth century, scientists converged upon the basic idea of scanning the sky and "listening" for non-random patterns of electromagnetic emissions such as radio or television waves in order to detect another possible civilization somewhere else in the universe.
		You may want to view the full text and images of The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (NASA SP-419, 1977), which was edited by Philip Morrison, John Billingham, and John Wolfe.
	history.nasa.gov /seti.html (351 words)

	SETI Debate : Critique of SETI
		When answering this question, one must be aware of the fact that evolution never moves on a straight line toward an objective ("intelligence") as happens during a chemical process or as a result of a law of physics.
		Some grade of intelligence is found only among warm-blooded animals (birds and mammals), not surprisingly so because brains have extremely high energy requirements.
		As stated, rudiments of intelligence are found already among birds (ravens, parrots) and among non-hominid mammals (carnivores, porpoises, monkeys, apes and so forth), but none of these instances of intelligence has been sufficient to found a civilization.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /~pine/mayr.htm (1903 words)

	NOVA Online/Kidnapped by UFOs/Carl Sagan
		SAGAN: I personally have been captured by the notion of extraterrestrial life, and especially extraterrestrial intelligence from childhood.
		So, a kind of skepticism is routinely applied to the radio search for extraterrestrial intelligence by its most fervent proponents.
		It seems to me there is a big difference between the two approaches to extraterrestrial intelligence, although I'm frequently written to [to] say how could I search for extraterrestrial intelligence and disbelieve that we're being visited.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/aliens/carlsagan.html (1977 words)

	Cosmic Search Vol. 1, No. 3 - Extraterrestrial Politics
		The search for extraterrestrial intelligence may be the first step toward involving the human species in cosmic politics.
		The search for alien intelligences may be a transient phenomenon; social values and political leaderships change on time scales that are short compared to cosmic and biological evolution.
		The ultimate goal of a community of intelligence, the transcendental vision that gives purpose to the cosmic polis and guides its work, may be to assure the survival of int elligence in a universe that is indifferent to it.
	www.bigear.org /vol1no3/politics.htm (2368 words)

	Our Most Probable First Encounters of Extraterrestrial Intelligence Who, What, Why, When, Where, and How
		SETI and other searches for extraterrestrial intelligence involving signal detection only have a reasonable chance at successfully finding such a signal if that signal was/is maintained over a lengthy period, such as thousands of years, at minimum.
		The greatest probability may well lie with us never encountering an extraterrestrial intelligence, simply for reasons of the enormous distances and expenses involved, and marginal benefits to be gained by any race in such long range ventures from their homeworld(s).
		As described in the timeline, our galactic core offers a wealth of possible natural resources to attract intelligent star farers, such as an enormous natural fountain of anti-matter fuel, and oodles of singularities (fl holes) just waiting to have their gravity wells tapped for energy generation.
	www.jrmooneyham.com /ctctd.html (12449 words)

	Strange Loops - SETI: The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence
		That is no reason, of course, to assume that intelligent life is uncommon in the universe.
		So it appears right now that signals between intelligent life in other star systems are going to be limited to one-way communication unless we find some way around the cosmic speed limit (the speed of light, faster than which no information or matter can be transmitted according to current science).
		More direct, two-way communication with alien intelligence appears to be out of reach for the time being, and interstellar travel is still far off for an adolescent civilization like our own (which is still in danger of self-destruction).
	www.strange-loops.com /sciseti.html (2026 words)

	NASA - Extraterrestrial Intelligence
		Extraterrestrial (EHKS truh tuh REHS tree uhl) intelligence is intelligent life that developed somewhere other than the Earth.
		The effort to find evidence that there is extraterrestrial intelligence is often called SETI, which stands for Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence.
		SETI researchers believe that the best way to discover other intelligent life in the galaxy is to look for evidence of technology developed by that life.
	www.nasa.gov /worldbook/extraterrestrial_worldbook.html (443 words)

	Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence
		Recognizing that the search for extraterrestrial intelligence is an integral part of space exploration and is being undertaken for peaceful purposes and for the common interest of all mankind,
		The Secretariat, in conjunction with advice of the Union's Administrative Council, should explore the feasibility and utility of convening an Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference to deal with the matter, subject to the opinions of the member Administrations of the ITU.
		No response to a signal or other evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence should be sent until appropriate international consultations have taken place.
	members.tripod.com /bubblenojava/post-detection.htm (617 words)

	Historical Notes: History [of extraterrestrial intelligence]
		Particularly in the 1920s there had been occasional claims of extraterrestrial radio signals (see page 1196), but by the 1950s interest in extraterrestrial intelligence had largely transferred to science fiction (see page 1198).
		Following a certain amount of discussion in the physics community in the 1950s, the first explicit search for extraterrestrial intelligence with a radio telescope was done in 1960 (see page 1196).
		Some searches for extraterrestrial signals have continued in the radio astronomy community, but perhaps because of its association with science fiction, the topic of extraterrestrial intelligence has generally not been popular with professional scientists.
	www.wolframscience.com /reference/notes/1180a (479 words)

	Religion and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
		Yet moving from the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence to an expensive search for radio signals from advanced extraterrestrial civilizations should be based on a rational assessment of the probability that such beings exist.
		Two-way communication with extraterrestrial civilizations appears to be all but impossible, since anyone sending a message at the speed of light would have to wait at least a thousand years for a response.
		Extraterrestrial transmitters would have to be beamed toward Earth with higher power than the most powerful radio transmitters on Earth, since these can send signals discernible from cosmic noise only about 500 light years into space.
	www.asa3.org /ASA/PSCF/1998/PSCF9-98Spradley.html (6396 words)

	CETI (Communication with ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence)
		Unlike SETI, which is a passive, listening pursuit, CETI attempts to initiate a dialogue with intelligent extraterrestrials.
		Information affixed to the star-bound Pioneer (see Pioneer plaque) and Voyager (see Voyager interstellar record) spacecraft represent another form of attempted communication with alien intelligence.
		Over the years, a number of prominent scientists and other individuals have voiced their concern at the possible consequences of humans advertising their existence to civilizations of unknown disposition who may have technologies vastly superior to our own (see CETI, opposition to).
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/CETI.html (365 words)

	SETI
		The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence is a quest to answer one of life's most intriguing questions: Are we alone in the universe?
		Should the answer turn out to be YES, we are alone, then our race would be placed in a position of being the only creatures in existence capable of exploring such questions.
		We would be the supreme and only intelligence in the cosmos.
	www.activemind.com /Mysterious/Topics/SETI (476 words)

	Extraterrestrial Contact Act Bill
		(5) Immediately schedule and facilitate a globally-televised interaction between the Extraterrestrial Intelligence, the President, the representatives of the United Nations, NASA, SETI and the ECA in order to freely negotiate, establish, coordinate and conduct a protocol for peaceful, continuing, global and mutually beneficial relations with the Extraterrestrial Intelligence and its respective society.
		(1) The term ‘Extraterrestrial Intelligence’ means any consciousness, entity or sentient being, whether individual or collective, physically corporeal, incorporeal or inter-dimensional, whose point of origin is other than from Earth or Earth’s spatial or temporal plane of existence.
		The potential impact and effects of contact with an Extraterrestrial Intelligence on the social, political, economic, religious, cultural, psychological and other aspects of human society are difficult to predict and thus, these subjects are beyond the scope of this Act, excepting that --
	www.contactact.org /eca_bill.htm (940 words)

	ASRG and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The discovery of life on Mars or Europa would add priority to the search for Earth-like planets orbiting other stars in our galaxy, and to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
		For over 35 years the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) has concentrated on the microwave approach to the search for artificial signals.
		The intelligent origin of microwave signals is readily established by spectroscopy through the sharply defined bandwidth in which signals will likely occur, the Doppler shift, the fact that the signals will likely be highly polarized, and the fact that they will likely exhibit a well-defined and "unnatural" modulation.
	kerouac.pharm.uky.edu /ASRG/CURRENT/J94/argus.htm (566 words)

	Ernst Mayr on SETI- Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		Life originated on Earth about 3.8 billion years ago, but high intelligence did not develop until about half a million years ago.
		One is that high intelligence is not at all favored by natural selection, contrary to what we would expect.
		By the year 1900, no answer had been received, so they concluded that surely there was no intelligent life on Earth.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/search_for_life/seti/mayr.html (1782 words)

	SETI: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
		SETI, or the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, is a scientific effort aimed at determining if there is intelligent life in the universe beyond Earth.
		Searches for extraterrestrial intelligence can take many forms, but most use highly sensitive radio telescopes to "listen" for particular types of sounds emanating from outer space.
		What's amazing is that all this happens when the computer is not being otherwise used; when the user returns to their computer, the screensaver instantly gets out of the way and postpones its analysis until the next idle time.
	www.charityguide.org /volunteer/fifteen/seti.htm (452 words)

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