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Topic: Extreme Reaction Force

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	Chemical reaction -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For example, consider the reaction CH → CO O (combustion of (A colorless odorless gas used as a fuel) methane in (A nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust) oxygen).
		Analysis of reaction rates is important for several appliations, such as in (The activity of applying chemistry to the solution of practical problems) chemical engineering or in (A chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates) chemical equilibrium study.
		A reaction is called (Click link for more info and facts about spontaneous) spontaneous if its thermodinamically favoured, by that meanig that it causes a net increase on global ((thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for doing mechanical work) entropy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chemical_reaction.htm (1430 words)

	Mechanical governor for fuel injection pump, with reaction force adjusting mechanism for governor control lever - ...
		As stated previously, the reaction force acting upon the control lever 7 due to biasing force of the main spring 21 serving as first biasing means gradually increases as the lever 7 moves from the release position of the accelerator pedal 30, i.e.
		In the reaction force-adjusting mechanism according to the invention, it is possible to obtain tbe force for reducing the reaction force, which is greater than that obtained by the prior art construction, because the ends 18a and 18b of the reaction force adjusting spring 18 are both movable.
		The reaction force adjusting spring 18 is interposed under tension between the first hooking pin 16 fixedly secured to a third corner 17b of the auxiliary control lever plate 7B and the second hooking pin 17 fixedly secured to the one end 8b of the first link lever 8.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4802451.html (3853 words)

	European Rapid Reaction Force
		Forces have been deployed under the auspices of the United Nations, but they have always been under the overall command of an officer of a national army of one of the countries involved (generally a Western country), not the U.N. per se.
		Other transnational groups such as the Organisation of African Unity have occasionally formed international forces, but they were composed of units of member countries' armed forces operating under their own commanders, not that of OAU officers not answerable to any government, and were mobilized in reaction to a specific crisis, not standing international units.
		Estimating the reaction in France, say, were a German general to be placed in overall command could be tricky, as it would certainly be if the reverse were to be true.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/european_rapid_reaction_force (487 words)

	Extreme Reaction Force - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Extreme Reaction Force (ERF) is the name of Camp Delta's alleged punishment squad, located on Guantanamo Bay, a United States prison camp reserved mostly for Illegal combatants, who are — according to the US — not protected by the Geneva Conventions.
		According to ex-inmates, an attack by the ERF would be prompted by minor disciplinary infractions, such as refusing to agree to the third cell search in a day.
		These frequent treatments lead to the creation of a new verb, coined by the prisoners: 'To be ERFed', meaning being slammed against a floor by a soldier wielding a riot shield, pinned to the ground and beaten up by five armed men.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Extreme_Reaction_Force (245 words)

	Effects of anteroinferior capsulolabral incision and resection on glenohumeral joint reaction force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The joint reaction force was measured with a 6° of freedom load cell for the intact condition and each of two test conditions: (1) incision and (2) partial resection of the anteroinferior capsulolabrum.
		Compression force for the two different capsulolabral lesions of the glenohumeral joint was the same, 133 N ± 13 N, a small 12% decrease compared to the intact condition (151 N ± 13 N).
		The glenohumeral joint reaction force was resolved into three orthogonal components: (1) force perpendicular to the glenoid (compression force), (2) force-directed anterior to the glenoid (anterior-directed force), and (3) force-directed superior to the glenoid (superior directed force).
	www.vard.org /jour/02/39/4/mcmahon.html (3673 words)

	Glossary
		Coriolis force -- A force which must be included in the calculation of motion in a rotating frame of reference, if the body moves in such a way that its rotation velocity changes.
		Inertial force A force which must be added to the equations of motion when Newton's laws are used in a rotating or otherwise accelerating frame of reference.
		A (small) body subject to a force accelerates; the acceleration is in the direction of the force and proportional to its magnitude, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body: F = ma.
	www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Sgloss.htm (11162 words)

	Extreme Reaction Force - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Extreme Reaction Force (ERF), also known as the Immediate Reaction Force (IRF), is a kind of mini-riot squad in Camp Delta.
		The ERF squad inundated the Baker with a rain of blows.
		The Baker found that the ERF squad did not respond to his safe word, did not respond to his explanation that he was a fellow GI.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Extreme_Reaction_Force (659 words)

	MY HELL IN CAMP X-RAY : Thunderbay IMC
		He claims punishment beatings were handed out by guards known as the Extreme Reaction Force.
		Prisoners who had never seen an "unveiled" woman before would be forced to watch as the hookers touched their own naked bodies.
		Jamal said victims of the Extreme Reaction Force were paraded in front of cells.
	thunderbay.indymedia.org /print.php?id=12831 (1636 words)

	My Way - News
		He told The Observer newspaper Sunday he had been repeatedly assaulted by Camp Delta's punishment squad, the Extreme Reaction Force, during his 22-month imprisonment.
		The U.S. military, whose interrogation techniques have come under fire amid revelations of abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib jail near Baghdad, has denied allegations of abuse at Guantanamo, where more than 600 people are being held without charge or access to lawyers.
		Shafiq Rasul and Asif Iqbal said in their letter to Bush that they were forced to squat with their hands shackled to the floor for hours during questioning, and that dogs, strobe lights and loud music were used to disorientate them.
	news.myway.com /top/article/id/403633\|top\|05-15-2004::18:06\|reuters.html (288 words)

	Guantanamo Bay Abuse Story- 'They Tied Me Up Like A Beast And Began Kicking Me' By David Rose
		While it is shocking, it is also credible: his description of his interrogations and the 'ERF' squad's violent reprisals closely matches that from other released prisoners, including his fellow Britons, while possibly his most important claim, that the ERF was always filmed, has been confirmed by the US military.
		Last night Lieutenant Colonel Leon Sumpter, the Guantanamo Joint Task Force spokesman, confirmed the videos existed, saying that all ERF actions were filmed so that they could 'be reviewed by the camp commander and the commanding general'.
		One way in which he infuriated the guards was by translating their conversations into Arabic for the benefit of other detainees, and he also helped organise a series of hunger and non-co-operation strikes when the prisoners would refuse to go to interrogation or their twice-weekly shower and 15-minute exercise period.
	www.countercurrents.org /hr-rose170504.htm (2412 words)

	Alex Jones' Prison Planet.com
		Jamal told how the men swung into action after he politely refused a jab an orderly was trying to give him because he didn't know what it was and he was fit and healthy.
		The squad was from the US military's Extreme Reaction Force, a unit trained to hand out beatings and known to prisoners at Guantanamo as ERF.
		When it came the full force of heavily protected men in riot gear, with batons and shields, was used against him.
	www.prisonplanet.com /120304terroroftorture.html (1681 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Vt. / Videotapes of special Guantanamo squad at center of controversy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One released British prisoner, 26-year-old Terek Dergoul, told The Observer newspaper of London last week that he was assaulted by a squad he knew as the "Extreme Reaction Force" and that all such attacks were filmed.
		Last week two released British detainees complained in a letter to U.S. officials that interrogators forced prisoners to strip and used loud music, strobe lights and dogs to extract confessions.
		Mulac called their claims "blatant lies," saying squad members were trained to settle confrontations without force and use only "minimal force" if necessary.
	www.boston.com /news/local/vermont/articles/2004/05/21/videotapes_of_special_guantanamo_squad_at_center_of_controversy (608 words)

	SOHH.com Global Forum - Guantanomo Detainee details torture
		Colin Powell, the US secretary of state, was last night forced to address allegations that the American military subjected British prisoners to psychological torture and beatings during their two years of detention at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.
		He alleged that men who were known to be devout or were younger and unmarried were taken from their cells to a separate unit and forced to watch the women strip.
		He also described a unit in the camp known as Extreme Reaction Force - ERF - and claimed they beat him with batons, fists and feet, shouting, "Comply, comply, comply" when he refused to have an injection of an unknown drug.
	forums.sohh.com /showthread.php?t=446144 (2840 words)

	Extreme Reaction Force - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Extreme Reaction Force (ERF) is the name of Camp Delta's punishment squad, located on Guantanamo Bay, a United States prison camp reserved mostly for Illegal combatants, who are — according to the US — not protected by the Geneva Conventions.
		An attack by the ERF would be prompted by minor disciplinary infractions, such as refusing to agree to the third cell search in a day.
		An ex-inmate describes one assault by a five-man ERF in these terms: 'They pepper-sprayed me in the face, and I started vomiting.
	education.music.us /E/Extreme-Reaction-Force.htm (410 words)

	House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 16 Jan 2003 (pt 3)
		We are not committing British forces to a standing structure—we and other member states are, on a voluntary basis, offering to make forces available to meet requirements identified in the Helsinki Headline Catalogue as necessary to enable the EU to undertake the full spectrum of Petersberg tasks.
		The general liabilities for members of the reserve forces, both volunteer and ex-regular, are set out in Part VI of the Reserve Forces Act 1996, particularly sections 52, 54 and 56.
		The liability of certain officers and former servicemen who are not members of any reserve force to be recalled for service is set out in Part VII of the Act and the power to authorise their recall is laid down in section 68.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030116/text/30116w03.htm (2016 words)

	European Rapid Reaction Force [WWW.STOPNATO.ORG.UK]
		Of course, national governments will continue to be answerable to national parliaments for the use of their forces.
		It is important to make the distinction between a force which includes EU member states and one which is under the political control of the European Union itself.
		Written Answers Greek Air Force Lord Hardy of Wath asked Her Majesty's Government: What types of military aircraft are available to NATO from the Greek air force.[HL2130] The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Defence (Lord Bach): The Greek Government have provided this information to NATO in confidence.
	www.mail-archive.com /antinato%40topica.com/msg03286.html (1314 words)

	American Leftist
		The Pentagon in 2002 was forced to shutter its controversial Office of Strategic Influence (OSI), which was opened shortly after the Sept. 11 attacks, after reports that the office intended to plant false news stories in the international media.
		Bernard, an Air Force intepreter responsible for monitoring North Vietnamese communications during the 1972 Christmas bombing of Hanoi, engaged in a work stoppage along with several of his associates, an action so threatening in its implications, even as past history, that it has been expunged from memory.
		Bernard's action paralleled equally serious actions of disobedience in the Air Force that impaired the bombing of North Vietnam and Cambodia, a companion to the disobedience, sabotage and racial conflict within the Navy during this period that disrupted its capacity to assist in the conduct of the air war.
	amleft.blogspot.com (9403 words)

	United for Peace of Pierce County, WA - We nonviolently oppose the reliance on unilateral military actions rather than ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Though replete with modern details, like being forced to listen to Fleetwood Mac and being threatened with injections, this is really a very old story.
		For me, the tale of this convert to Islam is somehow reminiscent of accounts the resolve that early Quakers showed to endured patiently whatever their tormentors chose to inflict.
		Their "cells" were wire cages with concrete floors and open to the elements -- giving no privacy or protection from the rats, snakes and scorpions loose around the American base.
	www.ufppc.org /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=287 (4578 words)

	US guards at Guantanamo tortured me, says UK man
		Over his two months in Afghanistan, he added, they starved him of food for nearly eight days, deprived him of light "for days on end", "effectively suffocated" him in an airtight box, and subjected him to beatings and being forced to live naked for long periods "as part of the humiliation process".
		Other severe assaults involved the camp's "extreme reaction force", a form of riot squad allegedly used to quell or punish prisoners.
		In a series of incidents, US personnel smeared another man's faeces in his face; he was nearly drowned when water from high-pressure hoses was forced up his nose; he had his head shoved into a flushing toilet; had his nose nearly broken; and was violently assaulted in the recreation yard.
	www.infowars.com /articles/ps/gtmo_us_guards_torture_uk_man.htm (1338 words)

	Evidence mounts of rumored Guantanamo torture tapes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tarek Dergal, a British citizen who spent 22 months in detention at Camp Delta is describing his abuse at the hands of members of what is known in the prison as the "Extreme Reaction Force (ERF)." Dergal said, "[the ERF] pepper-sprayed me in the face, and I started vomiting.
		Dergal also said that abuses at the hands of the ERF were videotaped, and Lieutenant Colonel Leon Sumpter, the Guantanamo Joint Task Force spokesman confirmed that tapes exist.
		Sumpter said all actions by the ERF were filmed and kept in an archive.
	newstandardnews.net /content?action=show_item&itemid=364&printmode=true (234 words)

	The Observer \| International \| US guards 'filmed beatings' at terror camp
		In the wake of the furore over the abuses photographed at Abu Ghraib jail in Iraq, US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has continued to insist they were the work of a few rogue soldiers, and not a systemic problem.
		Their attacks, he says, would be prompted by minor disciplinary infractions, such as refusing to agree to the third cell search in a day - which he describes as an act of deliberate provocation.
		Lieutenant Colonel Leon Sumpter, the Guantanamo Joint Task Force spokesman, confirmed this last night, saying all ERF actions were filmed so they could be 'reviewed' by senior officers.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,6903,1217973,00.html (982 words)

	New US torture revelations Former prisoners demand release of Guantanamo Bay videotapes
		He also revealed that every time the Extreme Reaction Force was unleashed against a prisoner it was recorded on digital video by military officers.
		Dergoul was captured by Northern Alliance forces in Afghanistan and handed over to the US military in exchange for a $5,000 cash payment.
		For a month last year he was taken every day to an interrogation room chained to a ring in the floor and then left alone for up to eight hours with the air conditioning running at the lowest temperatures and unable to go to the toilet.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2004/may2004/guan-m21.shtml (2048 words)

	Washington Week . Student Voices \| PBS
		I think he'd be a lot more respectful of these guarantees of protection if it were his head being smashed with a rock in some piss-stained concrete cell in Iraq, or his face being pepper sprayed to the point of vomiting, and his eyes being gouged at by the Extreme Reaction Force in Guantanimo.
		What's more, though, is that they all claim that when they were being ganged up on by the five-man ERF thug squad, there was a sixth man recording the whole event on a digital video camera.
		Yet, despite the fact that a Guantanimo spokesperson has confirmed that all ERF activities are archived on video, he does exactly that, as if unfazed by the forces of reality.
	www.pbs.org /weta/washingtonweek/voices/200405/0521edit4.html (809 words)

	AlterNet: Another Body Blow
		However, "on Sunday, a senior military officer said that statement did not apply to the prisoners being held at the airport, because 'we were not the authority' for the high-value detainees." The military was unable to say who was in charge, and the U.S. has taken no steps to call a halt to the procedure.
		Coalition forces are locked in battle with radical Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr's militia in southern Iraq.
		The three alleged that, at Guantanamo, to be "ERFed" meant "being slammed against the floor wielding a riot shield, pinned to the ground and beaten up by five armed men." But there is no reason for speculation and allegation to continue.
	www.alternet.org /story.html?StoryID=18711 (973 words)

	The Road to Abu Ghraib: II. Guantánamo: America’s “Black Hole”
		The detainee accounts of excessive or malicious force centered primarily around the use of these special squads, which according to a Guantánamo spokesman are actually known as the “Initial Response Force.”
		As is common in U.S. prisons, Guantánamo apparently used specially outfitted groups of guards to enter the cells of detainees disobeying orders in order to secure compliance or subdue them as necessary.
		Standard use of force requirements mandate that no more force should ever be used against prisoners than necessary to achieve legitimate security or safety objectives.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2004/usa0604/3.htm (1693 words)

	Soren Kierkegaard [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		In Socrates it is incarnated as "infinite negativity" - a force that undermines all received opinion to leave Socrates' interlocutors bewildered - and responsible for their own thoughts and values.
		That is, Socratic irony forces his interlocutors to reflect on themselves, to distance themselves critically from their immediate beliefs and values.
		At its most extreme, the aesthete is unhappily and utterly self-alienated by means of temporal dislocation.
	www.iep.utm.edu /k/kierkega.htm (11257 words)

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