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Topic: Extremophile

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	Extremophile Summary
		"Extremophiles" is a term that refers to bacteria that are able to exist and thrive in environments that are extremely harsh (harsh, that is, in comparison with those environments classically envisioned as being hospitable to bacterial growth).
		An extremophile is an organism, usually unicellular, which thrives in or requires 'extreme' conditions that would exceed optimal conditions for growth and reproduction in the majority of mesophilic terrestrial organisms.
		Examples of extremophilic metazoa are the Pompeii worm, the psychrophilic Grylloblattodea (insects), antarctic krill (crustaceans) and the Tardigrade.
	www.bookrags.com /Extremophile (2073 words)

	Visual Insight Publications
		Extremophiles are nature’s pioneers, organisms that not only survive but thrive in the harshest environments.
		Extremophiles are simple organisms; they are single-celled or in a filament of identical cells in alignment.
		Through the study of extremophiles, though, scientists have discovered that there are special proteins (also known as “molecular chaperones”) that are either manufactured or mobilized at times when conditions stress an organism almost to the point of death.
	www.visualinsight.net /extremeophile.html (2937 words)

	Boing Boing: Extremophile mining for bio-ideas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bio-miners are looking closely at extremophiles, organisms that thrive in adverse environments, for exploitable bio-ideas.
		The gold rush mentality is endangering the extremophile habitats, though, and may cost humanity the lessons they have to offer us.
		Extremophiles comprise principally bacteria, which have the remarkable ability to thrive in conditions that would be hazardous to other lifeforms - extremes of temperature, radiation, salinity, and metal toxicity...
	www.boingboing.net /2004/02/02/extremophile_mining_.html (188 words)

	extremophiles
		The majority of known extremophiles are varieties of archaea and bacteria.
		The discovery of extremophiles points out the extraordinary adaptability of primitive life-forms and further raises the prospect of finding at least microbial life elsewhere in the Solar System and beyond.
		Chemoautotrophs, which obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic chemicals, might be particularly suited to alien environments.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/E/extremophile.html (480 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Antarctica's resources 'at risk'
		The UN University says "extremophiles", creatures adapted to life in the polar wastes, are being relentlessly hunted in what is virtually a new gold rush.
		Extremophiles comprise principally bacteria, which have the remarkable ability to thrive in conditions that would be hazardous to other lifeforms - extremes of temperature, radiation, salinity, and metal toxicity.
		Dr A H Zakri, the institute's director, said: "Biological prospecting for extremophiles is already occurring and is certain to accelerate in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3444753.stm (591 words)

	biology - Extremophile
		Thus, strictly, "extremophilic" labels should be used to describe the environment that an organism thrives in, regardless of how "normal" or "extreme" they may seem to human beings.
		When used in the context of describing organisms that thrive in environments that are extreme from human perspectives, many extremophiles are members of the Archaea family, and indeed the terms are occasionally used interchangeably to describe the many extremophilic bacteria and eukarya.
		Examples of extremophilic metazoa are the psychrophilic Grylloblattodea (insects) and antarctic krill (crustaceans).
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Extremophile (320 words)

	History of Extremeophiles
		Thermophiles were the first extremophile to be discovered, but other extremophiles have been found living in ice, deep under the surface of the ocean, in salty environments, and in environments with both high and low Ph levels.
		It was discovered that each type of extremophile had enzymes that were resistant to extreme heat, saline, acids, high/low Ph, and high barometric pressure.
		Since extremophiles use proteins in different ways than other microorganisms do, scientists are working on adding a sixth kingdom in the classification of life just for the extremophiles.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0212089/hisextrem.htm (261 words)

	Who Are The Extremophiles?
		An extremophile is an organism that thrives under "extreme" conditions.
		In this module, however, you will find that extremophiles come in all shapes and sizes, and that our understanding of the phylogenetic diversity of extreme habitats increases daily.
		Most terms used to describe extremophiles are generally straightforward.
	serc.carleton.edu /microbelife/extreme/extremophiles.html (478 words)

	Untitled Document
		Extremophiles are microbes that live in conditions that would kill other creatures.
		It was not until the 1970's that such creatures were recognized, but the more researchers look, the more they discover that most archaea, some bacteria and a few protists can survive in the harshest and strangest of environments.
		The extremophiles that live around the mid-ocean ridges live at extreme depths too, where the hydrostatic pressure is enormous.
	www.theguardians.com /Microbiology/gm_mbm04.htm (2380 words)

	Dr. M. Kurz - Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The true *extremophiles* or extremists are mainly microorganisms.
		Extremophile organisms close the gap between biology and technical processes.
		One of those "extremophile" species is Halomonas elongata, a salt tolerant (moderately halophilic) bacterium.
	www.uni-bonn.de /~mkurz/pre.html (584 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An extremophile is an organism that lives and flourishes in an environment where nothing else can live.
		When the students began their study of extremophiles, it was obvious we had only one resource and that was the Internet.
		Students Kelly Hughes, Aubrey Jarman and Lauren Carlton with their clay model of the tubeworm, an extremophile that is found around the Black Smoker vents in the deep parts of the ocean.
	www.ncsu.edu /kenan/fellows/2002/jthibodeaux/project.html (239 words)

	NASA Astrobiologist Identifies 'Extreme' New Life Form
		NASA studies extremophiles - organisms that live and thrive in conditions inhospitable to most life on Earth - to gain insight into the possibilities for life across the cosmos.
		Extremophiles are hardy life forms that exist and flourish in conditions hostile to most known organisms, from the potentially toxic chemical levels of salt-choked lakes and alkaline deserts to the extreme heat of deep-sea volcanoes.
		The bacterium - identified over a period of years and published in January 2005 - is a never-before-seen "extremophile," an organism that lives and thrives in conditions inhospitable to most life on Earth.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/life-05o.html (1129 words)

	Keratin munching extremophile discovered!
		The extremophiles continue to amaze and astonish one with their singularly unique abilities.
		One more such extremophile has been shown to do what has been considered a rather novel feat of acheivement, the ability to degrade keratins.
		Riessen et al at the Institute of Technical Microbiology, Technical University, Hamburg, Germany have recently isolated a new species of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria with keratinolytic activity growing at temperatures between 50 degrees C and 90 degrees C. The bacteria were isolated from samples collected on the island of Sao Miguel in the Azores (Portugal).
	www.petspourri.com /veterinarian40.htm (256 words)

	UMBI.News \| University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The American Type Culture Collection workshop, "Extremophile Research: Theory and Techniques," was under the auspices of George Mason University's Institute for Bioscience, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology and UMBI.
		Extremophiles are a diverse collection of microorganisms that grow in habitats of saturated salt concentrations, extremely low redox potential, extremes of pH, or high or low temperatures.
		Studies of proteins in high-temperature extremophiles that will help sense blood glucose levels will be supported for the next three years with a grant from the American Diabetes Foundation.
	www.umbi.umd.edu /nande/umbinews/01/4-4.html (1225 words)

	Fraunhofer IBMT - Extremophile Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The algal culture collection CCCryo of the workgroup Extremophile Research of the branch Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips comprises more than 240 strains of psychrophilic (cold-loving) and mesophilic (warmth-loving) snow and soil algae from arctic and antarctic environments.
		Next to basic research regarding phylogenetic studies several other projects are currently pursued relating to adaptation strategies of these extremophilic microorganisms.
		In a mass culture project several algal strains are being screened as to their suitability for an industrial-scale production of carotinoids and other secondary metabolites such as vitamin E in photobioreactors.
	www.ibmt.fhg.de /ibmt3zb_extremophile_research.html (176 words)

	Extremophile bacteria suggest possibility of life on other plants
		An extremophile is an organism which lives under 'extreme' conditions that would exceed optimal conditions for growth and reproduction most terrestrial organisms.
		On earth, extremophiles have been found living in rocks (Endoliths, Hypoliths), deep-sea volcanic vents (Hyperthermophiles), and extremely alkaline (Alkaliphiles) or acidic (Acidophiles) environments.
		Since Earth-like conditions are in known planetary systems, most astrobiologists expect extraterrestrial life to be largely microbial, with an extremophile-type of existence.
	news.mongabay.com /2006/1022-princeton.html (1196 words)

	Wild Things: The Most Extreme Creatures \| LiveScience
		Extremophiles are also a multimillion dollar-a-year business - some of them are employed to eat oil and help clean up spills.
		Microbial extremophiles have recently been discovered thriving in the extremely hostile environments in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea.
		Another recent extremophile study discovered microbes in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park using hydrogen as their primary fuel source, refuting the popular conception that sulfur is the main source of energy for microbes living in thermal features.
	www.livescience.com /animals/050207_extremophiles.html (1695 words)

	The Worst Jobs in Science - Popular Science
		The team recently made scientific history at Searles with the discovery of an "extremophile" microbe thriving in some of the most putrid, nauseating, arsenic-saturated mud on Earth.
		To harvest that mud, once thought to be sterile, the researchers suffer through 125-degree days, blinding sun reflecting off the salt-caked lake, and so much noxious gas that it makes their eyes water.
		Aside from earning Oremland the honor of documenting the arsenic-eating extremophile in the journal Science, his work is a step toward finding other microbes that could potentially clean arsenic contami-nation from the nation's freshwater supply.
	www.popsci.com /popsci/science/806ffb24a5f27010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd/7.html (324 words)

	Extremophile genomes \| nodalpoint.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This story at Daily Science reports that the genome of Halobacterium NRC-1 has been sequenced by an NSF funded team of researchers.
		The organism, an extremophile has a taste for living in very salty water.
		It is the potential to answer that question that makes extremophiles a cool target for genomics.
	www.nodalpoint.org /extremophile_genomes (240 words)

tags -->Centre For Extremophile Research</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The Centre for <b>Extremophile</b> Research is based at the University of Bath. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> It comprises faculty staff from the Departments of <a href="/topics/Kingdom-(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)" class=fl>Biology </a>& Biochemistry and Chemistry. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> In addition to its fundamental research, the Centre provides a platform from which the biotechnological potential of <b>extremophilic</b> <a href="/topics/Organism" title="Organism" class=fl>organisms</a> and their products can be commercially exploited.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.bath.ac.uk /cer</font> (134 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.wordspy.com/words/extremophile.asp">Word Spy - extremophile</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Similar high-pressure zones on <a href="/topics/Earth-science" title="Earth science" class=fl>Earth —</a>; under the Antarctic ice, for instance — are suitable only for specially adapted <a href="/topics/Organism" title="Organism" class=fl>organisms</a> known as <b>extremophiles</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The most extreme conditions tolerated by <b>extremophiles</b> are found one mile down, on the ocean floor, at cracks in the <a href="/topics/Earth-science" title="Earth science" class=fl>Earth's</a> crust called <a href="/topics/Hydrothermal-vent" title="Hydrothermal vent" class=fl>hydrothermal vents</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <a href="/topics/Organism" title="Organism" class=fl>Organisms</a> there must live without any light, at <a href="/topics/Pressure" title="Pressure" class=fl>pressures</a> 600 times greater than atmospheric <a href="/topics/Pressure" title="Pressure" class=fl>pressure</a> and tolerate temperatures up to 110 degrees Celsius.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.wordspy.com /words/extremophile.asp</font> (206 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.uth.tmc.edu/bmb/faculty/DeMoss/DeMoss.html">Dr. John A. DeMoss</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> This obligate autotroph derives most of its energy from the <a href="/topics/Oxidation" title="Oxidation" class=fl>oxidation</a> of ferrous iron to ferric iron and grows optimally at <a href="/topics/PH" title="PH" class=fl>pH</a> 2 and, consequently, is employed by the <a href="/topics/mining" title="mining" class=fl>mining</a> energy to extract low levels of commercially important elements (uranium, gold, <a href="/topics/Copper" title="Copper" class=fl>copper</a>) from the slag heaps of primary <a href="/topics/mining" title="mining" class=fl>mining</a> operations. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Bonnefoy and her colleagues at the CNRS have developed a procedure for mobilizing genetic elements from this <b>extremophile</b> into E. coli where protein products can obtained and purified at normal <a href="/topics/PH" title="PH" class=fl>pH's</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Furthermore, they have identified an operon which encodes a putative pathway of ferrous iron <a href="/topics/Oxidation" title="Oxidation" class=fl>oxidation</a> which includes a set of outer membrane and periplasmic cytochomes c, a periplasmic <a href="/topics/Copper" title="Copper" class=fl>copper</a> protein and a cytochrome oxidase presumed to be located on the inner membrane.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.uth.tmc.edu /bmb/faculty/DeMoss/DeMoss.html</font> (302 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/001486.html">WorldChanging: Tools, Models and Ideas for Building a Bright Green Future: Extremophile Protein Cleans Wastewater</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> If you haven't heard the term, <b>extremophiles</b> are living creatures -- typically <a href="/topics/Bacteria" title="Bacteria" class=fl>bacteria </a>-- which are able to thrive in environmental conditions long thought to be too hot/too cold/too acidic/too radioactive/too deep in solid stone/etc. for life to exist. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> (The plenitude of <b>extremophiles</b> on <a href="/topics/Earth-science" title="Earth science" class=fl>Earth</a> is one reason why xenobiologists are starting to think that Mars may actually harbor life.) It turns out that the <a href="/topics/Kingdom-(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)" class=fl>biology</a> that lets <b>extremophiles</b> live in nasty circumstances can often be of great use for what's called bioremediation. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Now comes a report at Genome News Network that a protein extracted from an <b>extremophile</b> <a href="/topics/Microbes" title="Microbes" class=fl>microbe</a> found in a geyser at Yellowstone National Park may provide a cheap, efficient, and natural method of cleaning hydrogen peroxide out of industrial wastewater.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.worldchanging.com /archives/001486.html</font> (292 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-10/dne-iue101304.php">INEEL uses extremophile bacteria to ease bleaching's environmental cost</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Chemical engineer Vicki Thompson and biologists William Apel and Kastli Schaller from INEEL will be recognized at the R&D Magazine awards banquet in Chicago on Oct. 14, 2004. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Since the 1980s, cloth and paper manufacturers and other industries have experimented with using hydrogen peroxide instead of toxic chlorine bleach to whiten and disinfect products. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The INEEL team stumbled on T. brockianus in 160-degree Yellowstone pools as part of its <b>extremophile</b> research, studying <a href="/topics/Organism" title="Organism" class=fl>organisms</a> named for their love of extreme living conditions that would snuff out most living creatures.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/dne-iue101304.php</font> (930 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><script language="JavaScript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br> <p style="margin-left:30px;font-size:13px;"><b>Try your search on: <a href="http://www.qwika.com/find/Extremophile">Qwika</a> (all wikis)</b></p> <form action=http://www.factbites.com/search.php><table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td background="/images/f1.gif"><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 background="/images/b.gif"><tr><td><img src="/images/f2.gif" width=38 height=37 alt=" "/></td><td><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td><a href="/"><img src="/images/f3.gif" width=95 height=37 alt="Factbites" border=0 /></a><img src="/images/b.gif" width=15 height=1 alt=" "/></td><td valign=bottom><input type=text size=30 name=kp><img src="/images/b.gif" width=2 height=1 alt=" " /><input type=submit value=" Find » " class=b2></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><span class=f> <a href="http://www.factbites.com/about_us.php">About us</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/why_use_us.php">Why use us?</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/reviews.php">Reviews</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/press.php">Press</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/contact_us.php">Contact us</a> <br />Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with <a href=http://www.factbites.com/terms_and_conditions.php>terms</a>.</span></td></tr></table><img src="/images/b.gif" width=450 height=1 alt=" " /></td></tr></table></form> </body></html>