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Topic: Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing

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	Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
		A standardized number of eye movement sets (9) and duration of eye movements (15 seconds) were utilized, and this does not readily equate with the necessary and usual tailoring of procedures to individuals during the delivery of therapy.
		However, it is possible that the EMDR procedure itself is flawed due to distraction encroaching upon habituation and interfering with extinction of the fear response (Devilly, 2001a), or that the addition of the superfluous "EM" and "R" components interferes with outcome.
		In 1989 Shapiro claimed that eye movements were the necessary (although not sufficient) ingredient of the procedure, and it was not until 1994 that this claim was adequately investigated and 1998 that a general consensus appeared to be reached.
	www.srmhp.org /0102/eye-movement.html (16263 words)

	EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation And Reprocessing) in Loughborough, Leicestershire with John Thornley at Mind & Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		EMDR is an innovative clinical treatment that has successfully helped over a million individuals who have survived trauma, including sexual abuse, domestic violence, combat, crime, and those suffering from a number of other complaints including depressions, addictions, phobias and a variety of self-esteem issues.
		EMDR is a complex approach to psychotherapy that integrates many of the successful elements of a range of therapeutic approaches in combination with eye movements or other forms of rhythmical stimulation in ways that stimulate the brains information processing system.
		With EMDR therapy it is unnecessary to delve into decades-old psychological material, but rather, by activating the information processing system of the brain, people can achieve their therapeutic goals at a rapid rate, with recognizable changes that don’t disappear over time.
	www.mind-body.co.uk /html/emdr.html (422 words)

	cspc
		The procedure as devised and refined by Shapiro (1989) consists of generating a series of rapid horizontal eye movements while concentrating on the memory to be desensitised.
		These rapid eye movements are generated by the therapist's finger moving horizontally from the extreme right to the extreme left of the client's visual field at a distance of 30 - 40 centimetres from the face.
		Without further sets of eye movements, the girl continued to speak whilst shaking and she related that the picture had changed and she could see herself as 3 or 4 year old girl standing by this fire and trembling all over.
	icspc.telhai.ac.il /material/articles/emdr.htm (2031 words)

	New Therapist magazine: The neurobiology of emdr
		Speculations on the neurobiology of Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR)
		EMDR stimulation (eye movements, auditory tones and tactile stimulation), with its constant alternating shifting of attention, mimics this startle reflex.
		EMDR stimulation may jump-start the REM sleep system, opening the processing system that facilitates the flow of information from the neocortex back into the hippocampus, allowing for semantic neocortical input and, by implication, the reprocessing of information that is defective or dysfunctional.
	www.newtherapist.com /neuroemdr9.html (1861 words)

	Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a tool used in certain forms of psychotherapy that intends to relieve the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), and other mental health problems using (in its original form) only eye movements similar to those which occur naturally in REM sleep.
		EMDR was developed by American psychologist Francine Shapiro, PhD in 1987 after she observed, during a walk in a park, that moving her eyes seemed to reduce the stress of disturbing memories.
		Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in child and adolescent psychotherapy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eye_Movement_Desensitisation_and_Reprocessing (2705 words)

	New Therapist: Francine Shapiro on EMDR
		Then in the reprocessing phase, the desensitisation and the installation phases, we're monitoring changes via shifts in insight, which is more psychodynamically oriented; changes in beliefs, which would be the cognitive orientation; changes in affect and physical sensations, which are more the neurobiological indicators.
		While the eye movement, or other stimulation, is used and has been investigated, it's important not to minimize the complexity of the entire EMDR methodology.
		The sensory stimulation (eye movements, taps and tones) have been evaluated in a number of very small studies that are individually incapable of drawing concrete conclusions.
	www.newtherapist.com /shapiro9.html (2629 words)

	EMDR Therapy- Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing Therapy
		Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or EMDR, is a powerful new psychotherapy technique which has been very successful in helping people who suffer from trauma, anxiety, panic, disturbing memories, post traumatic stress and many other emotional problems.
		EMDR is considered a breakthrough therapy because of its simplicity and the fact that it can bring quick and lasting relief for most types of emotional distress.
		EMDR is unusual because with something as simple as eye movements or tapping and accompanying free-association, it can achieve in relatively few sessions what other therapies would take years to achieve, if at all.
	www.depression-guide.com /emdr.htm (1086 words)

	EMDR \| EMDR Practitioners
		EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a technique that is used to lessen the amount of therapeutic time needed to process and resolve traumatic memories.
		EMDR is useful for releasing limiting beliefs and traumatic memories.
		Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, also known by its abbreviation EMDR, claims to relieve the symptoms of Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems using (in its original form) only movements of the eyes similar to those which occur naturally in REM sleep.
	www.getholistic.net /emdr.htm (589 words)

	EMDR
		It is thought that this mimics the rapid eye movement normally associated with dreaming and also one of the characteristics of being in a state of hypnosis.
		EMDR is fast, effective and provides a permanent therapeutic change in just a few sessions for conditions that may not have been shifted over many years.
		EMDR forms part of a programme designed to help you become more self confident; have more self belief; better able to make choices; be more in control of how you feel; be more in control of your life.
	www.hypnonlp.co.uk /EMDR.htm (463 words)

	Clinical hypnosis and hypnotherapy at The Heath London NW3, Director Felix Economakis, fully qualified clinical ...
		EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is a powerful psychological technique, which uses bilateral brain stimulation, such as eye movements, to reduce many types of emotional distress.
		EMDR appears to mimic what the brain does naturally on a daily basis during dreaming or REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.
		EMDR can be thought of as an inherently natural therapy, which assists the brain in working through distressing material.
	www.heath-psych.co.uk /emdr.htm (333 words)

	EMDR: Therapy of the future - NOW
		EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) is a powerful and relatively new form of psychotherapy that is challenging everything we believe or have assumed about emotions and the nature of change.
		EMDR Pro runs on most hardware and is available to any therapist that wishes to use EMDR software to ensure replicable therapy.
		What is remarkable is that during her research, Shapiro found that not only does EMDR desensitize painful memories but people spontaneously began to view themselves and the event in a healthier and more positive way.
	www.changingstates.co.uk /emdr.html (2310 words)

	EMDR
		EMDR is an acronym for a psychotherapeutic technique called Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing.
		EMDR is a treatment method used to heal the symptoms of trauma, as well as other emotional conditions, such as anxiety, phobias.
		The EMDR therapy uses bilateral stimulation, right/left eye movement, or tactile stimulation, or sound, which repeatedly activates the opposite sides of the brain releasing emotional experiences that are "trapped" in the nervous system.
	www.karenriley-hypnotherapy.com /EMDR (460 words)

	\|\| Daily News Online Edition - Sri lanka :: Print Page
		EMDR was discovered by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., clinical psychologist and a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, California USA.
		While walking her eyes spontaneously moved rapidly from side to side and it helped her to erase an apparent distress that she experienced on that day.
		Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing is indicated in anxiety, panic, disturbing memories, post traumatic stress and many other emotional problems.
	www.dailynews.lk /2006/04/01/PrintPage.asp?REF=/2006/04/01/fea05.asp (2169 words)

	Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing - EMDR
		EMDR is a remarkable treatment method used to heal the symptoms of trauma and other emotional conditions.
		EMDR is the most effective and rapid method for healing PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) as shown by extensive scientific research studies.
		ecause EMDR has the power to relieve any type of emotional block or fear, It can also be used to enhance the performance of athletes, actors, musicians, students, public speakers and executives by reducing performance anxiety and stage fright.
	www.accomplishchange.com /emdr.html (325 words)

	EMDR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Eye movements are just one way to kickstart the processing of the information that caused the trauma.
		Eye movement technique is taught so the patient can utilise the technique at any
		Similar to the normal fight or flight physiological changes we are used to, there are also psychological and emotion reactions which these eye movement techniques kick start and allow normal processing to continue.
	www.londontherapy.com /emdr.html (366 words)

	EMDR Research
		EMDR is the most thoroughly researched psychotherapy method for the treatment of symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
		A controlled comparison of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring, versus waiting list in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
		Sprang, G. The use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of traumatic stress and complicated mourning: Psychological and behavioral outcomes.
	www.energyhealing.net /research.htm (618 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing is a new from of psychological treatment, which was based on a chance observation made by Francine Shapiro in May 1987.
		At that moment she started making eye movements deliberately while concentrating on a variety of disturbing thoughts and memories and she found that these thoughts also disappeared and lost their charge.
		EMDR is now becoming accepted as a part of main stream psychological treatment.
	members.lycos.co.uk /sldocs/EMDR.html (536 words)

	Swift counselling, coaching, family therapy and conflict resolution :: EMDR — Eye Movement Desensitisation and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		EMDR — Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing — a new therapy for transforming trauma.
		EMDR is described as ‘The revolutionary new therapy for freeing the mind, clearing the body and opening the heart.’
		Sally Worthing-Davies provides EMDR and has seen clients experience remarkable healing of trauma in their lives, from such diverse circumstances as childhood sexual abuse, bullying, a history of failure to pass exams however well prepared, road traffic accidents, claustrophobia, extreme anxiety about health, violence suffered in childhood, and more.
	www.familytherapy.uk.com /services.php?article_id=60&category_id=4&s=3 (273 words)

	Comparison of EMDR and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies - EMDR Institute, Inc.
		In contrast, the EMDR study showed significant desensitization of a traumatic memory in one session.
		Sprang, G. The use of eye movement desensitizatioin and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of traumatic stress and complicated mourning: Psychological and behavioral outcomes.
		Chemtob, C.M., Tolin, D.F., van der Kolk, B.A., and Pitman, R.K. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
	www.emdr.com /compofemdr.htm (1514 words)

	PANIC ATTACKS, RELAXATION & LETTING GO
		EMDR is a technique which can help you look fears and phobias in the eye.
		EMDR was originated by Francine Shapiro, an American clinical psychologist, in 1987.
		EMDR is not suitable for everyone or for every problem.
	www.panicfree.co.uk /maureen2.html (518 words)

	Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) at Lynwode Manor
		Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) at Lynwode Manor
		The process of EMDR acts directly on the memories locked in the brain.
		EMDR can be particularly useful in helping a person process events or experiences which appear to be 'stuck' in the memory.
	www.lynwodemanor.co.uk /emdr.html (108 words)

	EMDR NeuroTek Corporation
		EMDR is a trademark of the EMDR Institute.
		EMDR FOR TRAUMA: EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND REPROCESSING
		EMDR and NLP, Chichester, West SussexEMDR: Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing.
	www.neurotekcorp.com (190 words)

	EMDR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a simple and rapid procedure used to treat anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
		EMDR was developed by American psychologist Dr Francine Shapiro, who is a Research Associate at the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto.
		EMDR is not a total treatment in itself.
	www.tne.net.au /~dlawton/emdr.htm (176 words)

	Anette Martinsen \| Rapid Eye Movement
		There is a relatively new therapy called Rapid Eye Movement Therapy, which is based upon Caring Rapid Healing (C.R.H.), which was devised by Ken Keyes Junior and based on E.M.D.R. therapy (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing).
		Rapid Eye Movement Therapy works in a similar way to the effects that occur during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.
		Close your eyes, and try to feel all the feelings that you had at the time and express them either out loud or say them in your mind.
	www.anettemartinsen.com /rem.htm (855 words)

	Review: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing is not better than exposure therapies for anxiety or trauma -- ...
		Review: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing is not better than exposure therapies for anxiety or trauma
		Is eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) effective for trauma or anxiety?
		Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) for anxiety and trauma
	ebmh.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/5/1/13 (644 words)

	Psychotherapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		therapy that relies on physical movements and expression as an extension of one's psyche.
		therapy that relies on the use of movement and motion for it's therapeutic effect.
		An exercise designed to mimic eye movements that naturally occur during REM (Rapid-Eye-Movement) sleep that is thought to relieve the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
	www.seratis.net /page3/page23/page23.html (1185 words)

	EMDR Institute, Inc.
		EMDR was given the highest level of recommendation (category for robust empirical support and demonstrated effectiveness) in the treatment of trauma.
		EMDR was placed in the "A" category as “strongly recommended” for the treatment of trauma.
		16 randomized controlled (and 8 nonrandomized) studies have been conducted on EMDR in the treatment of trauma.
	www.emdr.com (113 words)

	EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitisation and reprocessing, coaching, CBT, PTSD, cognitive behavioural therapy, anxiety, BDD, ...
		Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing works on the basis that our eye movements are directly associated with our thought processes and therefore related to emotional and mental stress.
		The technique was developed by Dr Francine Shapiro, when she discovered that controlled eye movements encourage the brain to process disturbing memories and help people suffering from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
		The eye movements, similar to those that occur during the period of dream sleep known, as rapid eye movement, stimulate the subconscious and allow clients to change their perception of past events.
	www.body-mind-coaching.co.uk /html/brochure2.html (363 words)

	What is EMDR?
		EMDR is a therapeutic technique, which involves concentrating on a troubling memory or emotion while gently applying bilateral stimulation, originally, but not necessarily, by moving the eyes rapidly back and forth.
		This rapid eye movement (which occurs naturally in dreaming sleep) seems to speed the healing process.
		EMDR is best known for resolution of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
	abusetraumacounsellingscotland.info /EMDR.htm (133 words)

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