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	Bio.F. Sherwood Rowland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sherwood Rowland, Donald Bren Research Professor of Chemistry, came to the University of California, Irvine in 1964 as the first chair of the Department of Chemistry.
		Rowland is a specialist in atmospheric chemistry and radiochemistry, and was, with colleague Mario Molina, the first scientist to warn that chlorofluorocarbons released into the atmosphere were depleting the earth's critical ozone layer.
		Rowland was awarded the American Chemical Society 1993 Peter Debye Medal in Physical Chemistry, and the 1994 Roger Revelle Medal for the American Geophysical Union.
	www.jspsusa.org /FORUM1997/bio.rowland.html (463 words)

	The National Interest: 27 February 2005 - Teaching the President about Climate Change*
		Sherwood Rowland: At that time, the White House apparently had two factions that were in disagreement about this, and one of the factions believed that global warming was important and that something should be done about it.
		Sherwood Rowland: My answer certainly would be that especially over the last 50 years that the changes are being driven in large part by the activities of mankind.
		Sherwood Rowland: The answer is undoubtedly yes, not only for carbon dioxide but for nitrous oxide, for methane, for tropospheric ozone, and up until the Montreal Protocol put a limit on it, the chlorofluorocarbon bases, the CFCs.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/talks/natint/stories/s1310737.htm (1879 words)

	F. Sherwood Rowland
		Sherwood Rowland is a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
		Rowland: Well, the question of nuclear winter is - the whole phrase "nuclear winter" has to do with the interference with the arrival of sunlight at the surface of the earth, and this interference can come about by putting into the atmosphere something which will absorb sunlight before it reaches the surface.
		Rowland: Well, it's certainly true that when you have a large volcanic explosion, the volcano El Chichon which went off very recently, immediately put particles into the atmosphere which spread worldwide and were picked up in the stratosphere everywhere.
	sun3.lib.uci.edu /racyberlib/Quest/interview-f_sherwood_rowland.html (3310 words)

	The My Hero Project - F. Sherwood Rowlandfsrowland
		Little did Rowland know that this small beginning would lead to the research concluding that man-made chemicals were having a dangerous effect on the earth's atmosphere shedding much attention on the impact of chorofluorocarbons (CFC's), and methane gas on the atmosphere and the ozone layer.
		Rowland eventually received a professorship at the University of California Irvine, and became the chair of the Chemistry department in 1965.
		Rowland's research became the foundation for the enacting of several laws regarding the manufacture of CFC's, and a growing public awareness of the ozone layer problem.
	myhero.com /myhero/heroprint.asp?hero=fsrowland (755 words)

	Vanderbilt Register: Nobel Prize Laureate to visit Vanderbilt Feb. 10
		Rowland, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine, is a specialist in atmospheric chemistry and radiochemistry.
		Rowland and Molina, who worked at UCI with Rowland during 1973 to 1975, researched the impact of CFCs on the ozone layer while Crutzen dealt primarily with stratospheric effects of Nitrogen oxides.
		Rowland's current projects focus on investigating hydrocarbon and halocarbon composition of the atmosphere from aircraft in remote locations and on the surface in heavily polluted cities.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /News/register/Feb3_97/vr2.html (667 words)

	The Ozone Depletion Theory
		Rowland was then head of the chemistry department at the University of California at Irvine, and Molina was his assistant.
		Sherwood Rowland (left) at a 1993 NATO Advanced Workshop on ozone depletion, where he got into difficulty answering a question on why there are no measured increases in UV if there is ozone depletion.
		Rowland put the blame on the measuring devices, but Dan erger (right), inventor of the devices, said that was not the case.
	mitosyfraudes.8k.com /INGLES/OzoneTheory.html (991 words)

	InterAcademy Panel on International Issues - F. Sherwood Rowland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SHERWOOD ROWLAND, F., is the Donald Bren Research Professor of Chemistry and Earth System Science at the University of California Irvine.
		Rowland shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone".
		Rowland is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine (U.S.) and the American Philosophical Society.
	www4.nationalacademies.org /IAP/iapGA.nsf/Participants/650CFE3CDCFAEC3385256D7200558446?opendocument (287 words)

	Today@UCI: Profiles
		Rowland's father went to graduate school at the University of Chicago where he met and married Rowland's mother who was an undergraduate there.
		Rowland's randomly-assigned graduate advisor was Willard F. Libby, a radiochemist who had just discovered the carbon-14 method of dating archaeological and geological objects, work for which he would receive the Nobel in Chemistry in 1960.
		Rowland says that moment of discovery, not winning the Nobel Prize for the discovery, was the most satisfying and exciting moment of his professional career.
	today.uci.edu /features/profile_detail.asp?key=90 (5640 words)

	Winner of 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry to speak at KU April 15 and 16
		Sherwood Rowland, a former University of Kansas chemistry professor and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry, will deliver the Department of Chemistry Werner Lecture, a technical/scientific lecture, at 3:30 p.m.
		Rowland was born in the small central Ohio town of Delaware, where his father was a professor of mathematics and chair of the mathematics department at Ohio Wesleyan University.
		Rowland completed his undergraduate work at Ohio Wesleyan and obtained his Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Chicago.
	www.news.ku.edu /2002/02N/AprNews/Apr1/rowland.html (419 words)

	Rowland, F. Sherwood
		Rowland was educated in his hometown at Ohio Wesleyan University (B.A., 1948) and at the University of Chicago (M.S., 1951; Ph.D., 1952).
		Rowland was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1978.
		Rowland and Molina theorized that CFC gases combine with solar radiation and decompose in the stratosphere, releasing atoms of chlorine and chlorine monoxide that are individually able to destroy large numbers of ozone molecules.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/721_13.html (263 words)

	Nevada Medal 1997
		Sherwood Rowland agreed to accept the 1997 Nevada Medal on September 11, 1995, and exactly a month later, was notified of his Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
		Rowland's theoretical insights and predictions have been verified by scientists throughout the world, and have done much to strengthen international efforts for the preservation of stratospheric ozone.
		Sherwood Rowland, this year's recipient, was involved in a startling discovery that holds serious consequences for all of us if not acted uponthe potential loss of the ozone layer protecting us from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.
	newsletter.dri.edu /1997/spring97/nevmednews.html (1838 words)

	Saving the Earth's Ozone Layer
		Rowland was supported by predecessors to the Office of Science for his research in hot-atom chemistry.
		Rowland and Molina, together with Paul Crutzen of the Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry in Germany, shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on the formation and decomposition of ozone.
		Social Impact: Rowland and Molina's work initially led to restrictions on CFC releases; after discovery of the ozone hole, an international agreement was signed to limit the manufacture and use of these compounds.
	www.er.doe.gov /Sub/Accomplishments/Decades_Discovery/19.html (317 words)

	Rowland, F. Sherwood -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Sherwood Rowland was a specialist in atmospheric chemistry and radiochemistry.
		Sherwood Rowland was born in Delaware, Ohio, …
		The 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Paul Crutzen, a Dutch citizen with the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; F. Sherwood Rowland of the University of California, Irvine; and Mario Molina of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9313299?tocId=9313299 (766 words)

	NOBEL PRIZE TO OZONE RESEARCHERS
		Molina and Rowland published a landmark article in Nature showing the threat to the ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases, which were being used widely in spray cans, refrigerators, and plastic foams.
		Molina and Rowlands' hypotheses was highly controversial when first proposed and brought a storm of protest from industrial producers of ozone.
		The next important development in ozone chemistry came in 1974, when Molina and Rowland published their widely noted Nature article on the threat to the ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases - "freons" - used in spray bottles, as the cooling medium in refrigerators and elsewhere and plastic foams.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA06/nobchem.html (1129 words)

	UNC Asheville -- Public Information -- Official News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Rowland, an American chemist, shared the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for research on the depletion of the Earth’s ozone layer.
		Rowland will explain how the world’s population is affecting ozone depletion and global warming by releasing gases into the atmosphere.
		Rowland holds a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Chicago and has been a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine since 1964.
	www.unca.edu /news/releases/2004/squibb.html (380 words)

	Narrative Page 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In December of 1973, both Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland were professors of chemistry at the University of California at Irvine.
		Molina approached Rowland with some calculations he had derived which indicated that CFCs which made their way into the upper atmosphere could break down and destroy the precious ozone layer.
		Rowland looked over the calculations and saw that Molina’s work had potential to be correct.
	bengu-pc2.njit.edu /trp-chem/ozone/ram.html (228 words)

	Leon Pape Lecture 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sherwood Rowland is an environmental chemist whose work is definitively global.
		Rowland has been elected to membership in the National Academy of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the American Philosophical Society, and since 1994, he has served as foreign secretary of the National Academy of Sciences.
		In 1992, Rowland was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and served as chair of the AAAS Board of Directors in 1993.
	www.calstatela.edu /univ/ppa/newsrel/lpape97a.htm (514 words)

	Los Padres Section, ACS, Earth Odyssey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sherwood Rowland grew up in a family of avid readers.
		Professor Rowland credits an excellent set of teachers from the Delaware, Ohio, public school system for his accelerated promotion through his early schooling, graduating high school a few weeks before his sixteenth birthday.
		Rowland states, "Almost everything I learned about how to be a research scientist came from listening to and observing Bill Libby.
	members.cox.net /~bobbieo/WERM/WERM_2001_Kspeakers.html (1065 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Ozone Depletion Phenomenon (1996)
		Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Crutzen awarded the Nobel prize for their work in atmospheric chemistry.
		In examining these fragments, Rowland and Molina were aided by prior basic research on chemical 74 Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina discover that CFCs can destroy ozone the stratosphere.
		Rowland and Molina did not have to carry out even a single laboratory experiment on the reaction rates of chlorine atoms.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/NI000196/html/5.html (1946 words)

	News and Information - The Ohio State University
		Sherwood Rowland, who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry with two other researchers, will answer the question “Why is Our Atmosphere Changing?” as the featured speaker of The Ohio State University Research Lecture, set for 4:30 p.m., Wednesday (6/12) in the Mershon Auditorium, 1871 N. High St., Columbus.
		A native of Delaware, Ohio, Rowland was awarded the Nobel for his work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.
		Rowland’s research was included in a report released this week by the Environmental Protection Agency that indicates human activities, such as oil refining, power plants and automobile emissions, are important causes of global warming.
	www.osu.edu /news/lvl2_news_story.php?id=151 (283 words)

	Meet Mario Molina
		In 1973 Mario Molina was a postdoctoral researcher working in the laboratory of F. Sherwood Rowland at the University of California at Irvine, just south of Los Angeles, when he made an unsettling discovery.
		But in the end, he would be vindicated, and in 1996 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, along with his old boss Rowland and Swedish scientist Paul Crutzen for the work they had done in helping unravel the mysteries and dangers of CFCs.
		Sherwood Rowland ÷ autobiography from the Nobel e-Museum.
	www.chemheritage.org /educationalservices/faces/env/readings/molina.htm (710 words)

	Ozone Depletion and Measuring O3 from Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland have all made pioneering contributions to explaining how ozone is formed and decomposes through chemical processes in the atmosphere.
		The next leap in our knowledge of ozone chemistry was in 1974, when Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland published their widely noted Nature article on the threat to the ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases - "freons" - used in spray bottles, as the cooling medium in refrigerators and elsewhere and plastic foams.
		Molina and Rowland realised that the chemically inert CFC could gradually be transported up to the ozone layer, there to be met by such intensive ultra-violet light that they would be separated into their constituents, notably chlorine atoms.
	aerial.evsc.virginia.edu /~jlm8h/class/TOMS.html (2495 words)

	Today@UCI: Press Releases:
		UCI atmospheric chemist F. Sherwood Rowland, whose groundbreaking work on ozone depletion earned him a Nobel Prize, will be honored at a ceremony on campus at 3:30 p.m.
		"Rowland's research and Nobel Prize not only focused the world's attention on the Earth's ozone layer, but also focused the world's attention on the other excellent research programs in the School of Physical Sciences and other schools at UCI," said Ronald Stern, dean of physical sciences.
		Rowland continues to have a hand in research on atmospheric chemistry issues at UCI, participating in scientific studies with Donald Blake, UCI professor of chemistry.
	today.uci.edu /news/release_detail.asp?key=587 (955 words)

	News from ICTP 96 - Dateline
		During the same period, he pointed out the possible threat to the ozone layer created by civil supersonic aircraft because of the releasing of nitrogen oxides in the middle of the ozone layer at altitudes of 20 kilometres.
		Sherwood Rowland, who is the foreign affairs chairperson of the US National Academy of Sciences, attended the first meeting of the InterAcademy Panel's (IAP) Executive Committee that took place at ICTP at the end of January (see page 14).
		With colleagues from the University of California at Irvine, Rowland is now analysing the air in some 25 megacities worldwide to identify the sources of urban pollution.
	www.ictp.trieste.it /~sci_info/News_from_ICTP/News_96/dateline.html (896 words)

	NRDC: The Ozone Depletion Story
		But Rowland and Molina theorized that short waves of ultraviolet light in the stratosphere, the part of earth's atmosphere 10-15 miles up, would dissociate CFCs, and that the free chlorine atoms would then enter into a catalytic chain reaction with ozone, an unstable form of oxygen that surrounds the globe at stratospheric altitudes.
		Stratospheric ozone levels fluctuate naturally based on wind dynamics and interactions with trace chemicals, but Rowland and Molina's insight was that the additional chlorine introduced by CFCs would gobble up extra ozone molecules, wreaking havoc to the ozone layer and exposing the earth and its inhabitants to great risk.
		Rowland and Molina, who were hounded mercilessly by the chemical industry for their disturbing theory, were vindicated in 1995 when they won the Nobel Prize for their discovery.
	www.nrdc.org /air/pollution/hozone.asp (899 words)

	UDLS Committee Members (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		F. Sherwood Rowland, Donald Bren Research Professor of Chemistry, came to the University of California, Irvine, in 1964 as the first chair of the Department of Chemistry.
		He holds a bachelor's degree from Ohio Wesleyan University, a master's and a doctorate from The University of Chicago, and a number of honorary degrees from universities in the United States and the United Kingdom.
		Dr. Rowland is a specialist in atmospheric chemistry and radiochemistry, and was, with colleague Mario Molina, the first scientist to warn that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere were depleting the earth's critical ozone layer.
	www.tamu.edu /provost/udls/rowland.html (510 words)

	F.Sherwood Rowland - Autobiography
		At that time, the Chemistry Department of the University of Chicago had a policy of immediately assigning each new graduate student to a temporary faculty adviser prior to the choice of an individual research topic.
		My randomly assigned mentor was Willard F. Libby, who had just finished developing the Carbon-14 Dating technique for which he received the 1960 Nobel Prize.
		F, on the cruise of the Shackleton to Antarctica.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1995/rowland-autobio.html (2697 words)

	The 1996 Pomona College Robbins Lectures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sherwood Rowland is the Donald Bren Research Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Irvine.
		In 1995, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.
		A native of Delaware, Ohio, Professor Rowland received his B.A. degree from Ohio Wesleyan University and M. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Chicago.
	www.chemistry.pomona.edu /Chemistry/RobbinsRowland.html (727 words)

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