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Topic: F stop

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	F-number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each 'stop' is marked with its corresponding f-number, and represents a halving of the light intensity from the one before, corresponding to a decrease of the diaphragm aperture diameter by a factor of √2, and hence an halving of the area of the aperture.
		Modern lenses use a standard f stops scale that corresponds to the sequence of the powers of √2: f/0.7, f/1, f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22, f/32, f/45, f/64, f/90, f/128, etc. Note that the values of the ratios are rounded off, to make them easy to write down.
		For example, the aperture that is one third stop smaller than f/2.8 is f/3.2, two thirds smaller is f/3.5, and one whole stop smaller is f/4.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/F_stop (832 words)

	Photospot: The F Number - Demystified :: a photo blog about learning Photography using Digital Camera
		F number is an indicator of aperture of camera, it denotes the diameter of the aperture as a fraction of the focal length of the lens.
		Moving one full stop to a higher F number reduces the light to half and moving one full F stop to lower number means doubling the amount of light.
		An f/ number of 1 would mean the diameter of the lens opening is the same as its focal length (focal length of 50 mm and opening of 50 mm) is optically impossible.
	photospot2004.blogspot.com /2004/07/f-number-demystified.html (1428 words)

	F clef - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about F clef
		It was introduced as a visual aid in plainchant notation, and takes the form of a stylized letter centred on a particular line to show the pitch of that line.
		The standard clefs for most instruments are G (treble) and F (bass) clefs.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /F+clef (143 words)

	F-number -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For example, f/16 means that the aperture is equal to the focal length divided by sixteen; that is, if the camera has an 80 mm lens, the light that reaches the film arrives through an opening that is 5 mm (80 mm/16) in diameter.
		Photographers sometimes express (The act of exposing film to light) exposure ratios in terms of 'stops'.
		Since all lenses absorb some portion of the light passing through them (particularly (A camera lens that magnifies the image) zoom lenses containing many elements), for exposure purposes a t-stop is sometimes used instead of f-stop.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/f/f-number.htm (777 words)

	F Stop numbering
		However, the amount of light let in by the aperture depends on its area, which is related to the square of the diameter (pi r squared).
		Thus whole stops increase in multiples of root 2 (rounded to two significant figures), half stops go in multiples of root(root 2) - or 1.189207 approx., and 1/3rd stops in mutiples of the sixth root of 2 (1.122462 approx).
		For example, f/4.0 and f/5.6 are 1.6 "f numbers" apart, but are 1 stop apart.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=008vQf (448 words)

	F/stops - Full Stops, Half Stops, and Third Stops Table
		With EV 10 we overexpose by a 1/3 stop and with EV10.5 we underexpose by 1/5 stop.
		It is hardly possible to use a narrow margin of 1/6 of a stop, and we should settle for 1/4 stop as a reasonable margin of accuracy.
		A stop is defined as the iris opening which will admit either twice or half as much light as the adjacent stop.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/fstops.html (2743 words)

	f stop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He saw high until f stop a round wet were smiling attacked windmills.
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	online.search-hq.com /f-stop.html (750 words)

	Large format photography: how to select the f-stop
		"F" is given in decimal f-stops, as on a hand-held meter, for example 16.6 is 16 and 0.6 (aka between 1/2 and 1/3) of a f-stop.
		As a general approach (ie independently from the constraints), the drawback of this approach is that it relies on the choice of an acceptable circle of confusion, which in turn depends on a number of factors, including the dimensions and display of the final print.
		The more you stop down, the more you gain sharpness for the out of focus points at the depth of field limit, but at one point, diffraction effects outweight whatever gain is obtained.
	www.largeformatphotography.info /fstop.html (4698 words)

	F/stop Isn't Really an "F" Word - Photo Tips @ Earthbound Light
		An aperture of f/4 can therefore be considered an abbreviation of "f 1/4." An interesting consequence of this ratio is that as you increase the size of the opening, the fraction gets smaller, whereas smaller openings will give you smaller f/stops.
		You may already know that a stop is defined as being the doubling or halving of any value.
		One last thing that is helpful to know about apertures is that the term "stopping down" refers to making the hole smaller, which as you now know, results in bigger numbers (f/11 is a smaller hole than f/4 for instance).
	www.earthboundlight.com /phototips/fstop.html (668 words)

	S. T. O. P. - Safe Tables Our Priority - fighting foodborne illness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		S.T.O.P. Spokesperson and professional biostatistician Barbara Kowalcyk responded to the report in a press release on April 15, stating "We're thrilled that the food safety reforms S.T.O.P. and others have fought so hard for a decade to earn appear to be working.
		S.T.O.P. made history on September 22, 2004 in DC when victims presented speeches at the U.S. House of Representatives by invitation of the Congressional Food Safety Caucus.
		S.T.O.P. was joined by moderator Dr. Pamela Russo of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, who affirmed the immense burden that foodborne disease places on American families and thanked the panelists for their courage and commitment.
	www.stop-usa.org (809 words)

	F Stop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The lens usually has two measurements of F stop or aperture: the maximum aperture (minimum F stop) when the lens is fully open and the minimum aperture (maximum F stop) just before the lens completely closes.
		A low minimum F stop will mean the lens can pass more light in dark condition, allowing the camera to produce a better image at night.
		A high maximum F stop may be necessary where there is a very high level of light or reflection.
	www.securityideasvar.com /index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=968 (171 words)

	Christian Guitar Resources - Christian Tabs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		F Dm F Dm Not trying to sell you, I’m only trying to tell you Gm7 C Gm7 C That His love is for real, it’s there for you to feel.
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		F Dm F Dm You’re not the only one who feels like everthing you’ve done is Gm7 C Gm7 C Measured in pain; come in from the rain.
	www.christianguitar.org /csongplain/5756 (472 words)

	PhotoNotes.org Dictionary - f stop
		Since f stop values are relative to the focal length each camera lens should let the same amount of light through at the same f stop value regardless of focal length.
		The letter f is frequently italicized for good looks, and a slash is often placed between the letter f and the numerical f stop value to indicate that the f-stop value is a fraction of the focal length.
		The letter f stands for “focal,” “factor” or focal length”; depending on who you talk to, and the number is also often stated as a ratio.
	photonotes.org /cgi-bin/entry.pl?id=Fstop (493 words)

	The meaning of f stop, depth-of-field
		F stop refers to the size of the lens opening while the shutter is open.
		One final guideline, depth-of-field decreases the closer you are to the subject you are focusing, so that if you are a macro photographer, taking pictures of flower blooms for example, the depth-of-field in such a closeup is only fractions of an inch, even with a small aperture opening like f/16 or f/22.
		The Italians are reportedly responsible for inventing the series of numbers we have come to know as f stops.
	www.acecam.com /message/3694.html (1216 words)

	JimDoty.com - Flash Basics
		As an example, if the f stop reading on the meter is f/8, multiply f/8 times 11 feet and you get a guide number of 88 for that flash with that film speed.
		Multiply this f stop by 11, this is the Guide Number (GN) for your flash with 100 speed slide film.
		Divide the distance of the flash into the GN and the answer is the f stop.
	jimdoty.com /Tips/Flash_Basics/flash_basics.html (2279 words)

	F STOPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is what he told me, "All a full stop means is either cutting the exposure in half or doubling the exposure, it's too simple to forget.
		When we put a filter over the lens that's rated at a full stop, we're just cutting the light in half.
		The shutter speeds aren't random, they're marked off in 1 stop increments, like 1/30th of a second is one full stop slower than 1/60th of a second." The light bulb over my head came on and I got it.
	www.jamesarnett.com /3-2-1-1.html (383 words)

	Photography today f stop digital compare slr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The photography today f stop digital compare slr details accessible since the internet was made available has improved in character.
		Welcome to my photography today f stop digital compare slr web page, which is packed with help that you are welcome to explore and explore.
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	www.digital-photography-info.com /photography-today-f-stop-digital-compare-slr (480 words)

	F-stop Printing
		Each stop darkens or lightens the image on the film by the same amount.
		If you want to darken or lighten a print it makes sense to do so in “stops” just as you would when using a camera, and it’s exactly this principle which is built in to all our exposure timers and meters.
		If you know that the grade change requires an extra quarter stop of exposure you can set that on the timer and save the need for another test - it doesn’t matter what the grade 2 exposure time was, increasing it by a quarter stop will always have the same result.
	www.rhdesigns.co.uk /darkroom/html/f-stop_printing.html (947 words)

	BetterPhoto.com Q&A: F/stop - What is That?
		With most lenses, there are stops at the aperture ring when reaching full sizes, such as f = 1.4, 2.0, 2.8, 4.0, etc. With the aperture ring, one can alter the size continuously in manual operation.
		Your lens probably has a number of stopping point [indents] at f-numbers such as f/2, f/3.5, f/4 f/5.6, f/6.3, f/8, f/11, f/16 and f/22.
		In fact, moving one stop, halves the amount of light allowed to reach the film plane.
	www.betterphoto.com /forms/qnaDetail.asp?threadID=2359 (328 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A full stop or period, also called a full point, is the punctuation mark commonly placed at the end of several different types of sentences in English and several other languages.
		(Period is an older name than full stop, now used primarily in North America; in other English-speaking countries the newer usage has largely replaced the older.) In modern English language typographical usage, some debate has arisen around the proper number of trailing spaces after a full stop to separate sentences within a paragraph.
		Academic usage descriptivists tend to support the notion that a single space after a full stop should be considered standard because of the growing common usage by non-experts.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Full_stop (544 words)

	Canon Digital Photography Forums - Lowest F stop???
		I try to set the AV mode to the lowest f stop, which ends up being 5.6.
		Actually when I got my first SLR, a 50mm f/1.8 was all I used for at least 6 months, even then I only added a 135mm f/2.8 to the mix, zooms for me were still a couple of years down the track.
		I've been contemplating a 28mm f/1.8 or 35mm f/2 for those types of pics, but I haven't been as impressed with the sharpness from either of those Canon lenses compared with the 50mm f/1.8.
	photography-on-the.net /forum/printthread.php?t=54208 (879 words)

	Stop the War Coalition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Stop the War Coalition wish to congratulate Harold Pinter on winning the 2005 Nobel Prize for Literature.
		He has been a strong supporter of the anti-war movement and was a recent signatory on the letter we delivered to Tony Blair on 15 September.
		Walter Wolfgang, a Vice President of CND and vice Chair of Labour CND and a member of the Stop the War Coalition steering committee, was forcibly ejected from Labour's conference on Wednesday for heckling Jack Straw.
	www.stopwar.org.uk (1070 words)

	Stop Bullying Now
		There are ways to stop bullying, based on decades of research.
		There is little need to describe why people want to stop childhood bullying.
		The Stop Bullying Now intervention is based on Dan Olweus's research and on social worker Stan Davis's thirty-five years of experience with children, families, and schools.
	www.stopbullyingnow.com (409 words)

	F-stop Printing, page 2
		Each press of a button alters the time by a fraction of a stop allowing you to move the exposure up and down the grey scale in an easy predictable way.
		The size of each step is adjustable, and you might want to use a smaller step when working on a harder paper grade for example.
		A typical grade 0 paper has a range of about 5 stops so using 1/3 stop steps gives you about 15 steps from white to fl.
	www.rhdesigns.co.uk /darkroom/html/f-stop_2.html (686 words)

	Stop Messenger Spam, windows MSN pop-up spam, Messenger Service, Stop Spam, Spam Filter
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	www.jcrdesign.com /junkemail.html (4109 words)

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		If the abuse does not stop with one message, I escalate by adding more and more up-line service provider's postmasters to the list.
	www.mall-net.com /spamfaq.html (2876 words)

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