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	F1 hybrid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		F1 hybrids are the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross mating of distinctly different parental types, the offspring of which produce a new, uniform variety with specific and/or desirable characteristics from either or both parents.
		Mules are F1 hybrids between horse and donkey.
		In agronomy the term "F1 hybrids" is usually reserved for agricultural cultivars where the parental types are two inbred and thus almost homozygous lines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/F1_hybrid (816 words)

	Hybrid Mice - The Jackson Laboratory
		Hybrid (F1) mice are produced by crossing mice of two different inbred strains.
		F1 hybrids are also more viable than their parent strains for many studies, including those involving some deleterious mutations, radiation, behavior, and bioassays for nutrients, drugs, pathogens, and hormones.
		Note: The B6129F1 hybrids are usually less appropriate controls than are B6129F2 mice because the parental alleles of F1 mice are not segregating as are those on a mixed B6;129 background.
	jaxmice.jax.org /info/hybrid.html (0 words)

	[No title]
		Hybrid vigor cannot be maintained at its maximum because it starts reducing with the first generation in which self-pollination may occur.
		Caviness (1970) stated that hybrid soybeans as a commercial crop was intriguing, but he doubted that it would ever materialize because the flowers were small and unattractive to bees, and had other discouraging characteristics, including the sparsity of nectar and pollen and the relative concealment of the flowers by the foilage.
		Hybrid alfalfa is produced on a limited scale now, and the discovery of cytoplasmic male sterility may greatly enhance the use of hybrid vigor in this important crop.
	gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov /book/hybrid.html (0 words)

	Brooklyn Botanic Garden: Heirlooms versus Hybrids—A Common-sense Approach
		Hybrid proponents dismiss the heirloom advocates as agriculture's version of tree huggers, inflexible ideologues standing in the way of progress by rejecting the superior disease resistance and commercial viability of hybrids.
		The term "F1 hybrid" means the first filial generation made by crossing two different parent varieties, the offspring of which produce a new, uniform seed variety with specific characteristics from both parents.
		Brassica family F1 hybrids (broccoli, cabbage, and related vegetables) are a first choice in my garden because they are much more resistant to pests, disease, and weather fluctuations and have been bred to be space-saving and compact.
	www.bbg.org /gar2/topics/kitchen/1999sp_heirlooms.html (0 words)

	Oregon State University-Horticulture-Hort 233 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hybrids which do fit in (b) and which will occupy the remainder of the discussion, are produced for use as a commercial crop as the F
		hybrid between two such inbred lines usually results in a restoration of normal vigor or a higher level of vigor or "heterosis".
		hybrid is as heterozygous as it is possible to be with the parents involved.
	oregonstate.edu /dept/hort/233/f1hybrids.htm (0 words)

	Hybrids & Heirlooms
		These hybrid seeds are often called "F1" or "F1 hybrids." The terms "hybrid" and "F1" are strictly defined in the seed industry and, when used in seed catalogs, do not apply to plants crossed in the wild.
		Hybrid plants are very consistent from plant to plant and year to year.
		Offspring of hybrids usually show an unpredictable mixture of characteristics from the grandparent plants instead of being similar to the parent.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /hortihints/0102a.html (0 words)

	National Garden Bureau : Great Gardeners Use Seed : Plant Genealogy
		To produce hybrid seed, pollen is moved, often by hand, but possibly by insects or the wind, from the anthers of one inbred plant (male) and placed on the stigma of the second inbred plant (female).
		Hybrids are often the preferred type of a variety for a number of reasons.
		The hybrid parents are chosen to complement each other and/or compensate for each other's flaws, creating a new variety that is better than the best qualities of each of the parents.
	www.ngb.org /seed/article.cfm?ID=13 (0 words)

	The Hybrid Delemma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hybridization is a tool essential to the science and art of plant breeding, that part of agriculture that makes possible the myriad variety of plants available for our gardens, and plays a crucial role in keeping Humanity a step or two (though sometimes it seems like less) ahead of mass starvation.
		Hybrid vigor is especially useful for those trying to grow plants in marginal conditions, since the F1s frequently out-perform non-hybrid varieties in tough times.
		These varieties are not as uniform as F1 hybrid varieties (although you won't always know this when you grow them), but have enough uniformity to provide reliable performance because they have been carefully selected over many generations (of plants and - sometimes - of gardeners) for specific combinations of traits.
	www.gardenguides.com /articles/hybrid.htm (0 words)

	INTERNATIONAL RICE COMMISSION NEWSLETTER 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The project "Development and Use of Hybrid Rice in Asia", funded by the ADB and coordinated by IRRI, was initiated in March 1998, under the framework of the International Task Force on Hybrid Rice (INTAFOHR).
		In China, F1 seed yield increased from 410 kg/ha in 1976 to 669 kg/ha in 1981, 2 252 kg/ha in 1991 and 2 500 kg/ha in 1995 (Yuan, 1998).
		The area of most concern for the future hybrid rice programme is the long-term maintenance of the genetic purity of F1 seed and parental lines (A, B and R lines).
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/y6159t/y6159t07.htm (0 words)

	GRAIN \| Agricultural research for whom? \| What is hybrid rice?
		Hybrids are produced by crossing two inbred- genetically fixed - varieties of a particular crop.
		Hybrids are special because they express what is called "heterosis" or hybrid vigor.
		However, the so-called heterosis effect disappears after the first (F1) generation, so it is pointless for farmers to save seeds produced from a hybrid crop.
	www.grain.org /research/hybridrice.cfm?id=57 (0 words)

	Full Text - Meiotic study of Zea mays ssp. mays (2n = 40) x Tripsacum dactyloides (2 n = 72)hybrid and its progeny
		Hybrids between maize and Tripsacum can be obtained with more or less success, according to the maize genotype used as female parent, through embryo rescue and induction of organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (Furini and Jewell, 1995; García and Molina, 1997).
		Other meiotic abnormalities were also observed in F1 plants, such as 2 or more nuclei in different stages in the same cytoplasm, spatial separation and asynchronous stages of Tripsacum and maize chromosomes (Figure 1b).
		F1 hybrid progeny plants with 2n = 56 and F1-like phenotypes showed cytogenetic characteristics similar to that described in F1 plants.
	www.ejbiotechnology.info /content/vol9/issue3/full/25/index.html (0 words)

	Designer Dogs, Hybrid Dogs, Designer Dog, Hybrid Dog
		Hybrid dogs can still have genetic problems because you are still crossing two first generation dogs, however the percentage of hybrid dogs with genetic problems is much lower than purebred dogs because the gene pool is mixed.
		While a simple F1 generation cross is said to produce the most hybrid vigor in the dog and the further down the multi-generation chain, the more vigor is lost in the hybrid; there are some benefits to multi-generation crossing.
		Note, the examples of the differences in coat only apply to the Goldendoodle hybrid, all other hybrids will vary in their own way depending on what is in the cross.
	www.dogbreedinfo.com /designerdogs.htm (0 words)

	GRAIN \| Briefings \| 2000 \| Hybrid rice in Asia: An unfold
		Hybridisation is a way of generating something akin to sterility in plants, such that the seeds from a hybrid crop cannot be advantageously saved for re-planting.
		Hybrid rice is grown principally in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
		Hybrids appear to produce high yields because they out-yield the parental lines they were crossed from by a significant margin.
	www.grain.org /publications/reports/hybrid.htm (0 words)

	Cottonwood hybrids gain fitness traits of both parents: a mechanism for theirlong-term persistence? -- Schweitzer et ...
		by having 0 Fremont alleles, F1 hybrids as 35, and backcross
		The intersectional hybridization of Fremont and narrowleaf cottonwood
		Orians C. 2000 The effects of hybridization in plants on secondary chemistry: implications for the ecology and evolution of plant–herbivore interactions.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/981 (0 words)

	Yorkipoo, Yorkie-Poo, Yorkie Poodle Hybrid, Yorkipoos, Yorkiepoos
		This hybrid cross is recognized by the American Canine Hybrid Club as the Yorkie-Poo.
		Not all of these designer hybrid dogs being bred are 50% purebred to 50% purebred.
		F1 = 50% Yorkshire Terrier and 50% Poodle - This is Yorkie to Poodle cross, this is first generation, resulting in healthier offspring.
	www.dogbreedinfo.com /yorkipoo.htm (0 words)

	.:: HARBEST AgriBusiness Corp. ::.
		This new hybrid is a purple-colored glutinous corn.
		This super sweet hybrid is vigorous, medium early (70-80 days), high yielding, and suitable for summer planting.
		This super sweet hybrid is medium early (70 days), widely adaptable, and ideal for the consumer market.
	www.harbest.com /seeds/corn.htm (0 words)

	Genetics of Postzygotic Isolation in Eucalyptus: Whole-Genome Analysis of Barriers to Introgression in a Wide ...
		hybrid was used as a pollen parent in the backcross to E.
		hybrid, the species origin of the favored marker allele is shown for each distorted region.
		hybridization barriers in Eucalyptus is a prerequisite for the
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/166/3/1405 (0 words)

	[Graft versus host reaction and hybrid resistance in experimental models and clinical practice]
		The F1 hybrid transplantation law states that F1 hybrids of two unrelated inbred strains of mice accept grafts from either parent strain while neither parent accept grafts from the F1 hybrid.
		Furthermore, irradiated F1 mice are refractory to the grafting of parental bone marrow, lymphoma cells and normal lymphocytes because of a restriction by non-co-dominant, besides that of codominant MHC-H2 genes.
		The cellular, humoral and genetic mechanisms involved in the GvH and hybrid resistance production are explained and discussed in the first, while in the second section of the present review, their equivalent in three human pathological situations are taken into consideration.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1989/aug/M8980721.html (0 words)

	Spontaneous heterosis in larval life-history traits of hemiclonal frog hybrids -- Hotz et al. 96 (5): 2171 -- ...
		Spontaneous heterosis in larval life-history traits of hemiclonal frog hybrids -- Hotz et al.
		Spontaneous heterosis in larval life-history traits of hemiclonal frog hybrids
		lineages the effects of hybridity and of clonal history are confounded.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/5/2171 (0 words)

	National Garden Bureau : Gardening : Today's Garden : Plant Genealogy
		An open pollinated plant has one parent; a hybrid has two parents.
		When a breeder has uniform, genetically stable inbred plants, he or she can consider creating new hybrids.
		This control of the cross-pollination is critical for hybrid seed production.
	www.ngb.org /gardening/todays/article.cfm?ID=13 (0 words)

	Natural resistance to parental T-lymphocyte-induced immunosuppression in F1 hybrid mice: implications for acquired ...
		The classical laws of transplantation which state that the major transplantation antigens are co-dominantly expressed do not account for the experimental observations that F1 hybrid mice can be genetically resistant to the growth of transplanted parental hemopoietic cells.
		The two phenomena are similar in that both: (a) mature relatively late in ontogeny; (b) can be over-ridden or saturated by excessive numbers of cells; and (c) the F1 host appears to recognize homozygous H-2Db of the donor.
		The findings that natural resistance can be demonstrated for T-lymphocyte suppression of immune potential is discussed with respect to the synergistic effects of graft-versus-host disease and infection and the possible role of such resistance in susceptibility to acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1983/dec/M83C0042.html (0 words)

	Brooklyn Botanic Garden: Tomato Terms—or, What is an F1 Hybrid, Anyway?
		Hyb alerts me that 'Celebrity' is an intentional cross made between two distinct and stable, or "pure," tomatoes, using one as the male parent and the other as the female.
		In contrast to a hybrid like 'Celebrity,' an OP (open-pollinate, or non-hybrid) is a variety like 'Brandywine', a superbly flavored tomato selected by 19th-century Amish farmers who named it after a Pennsylvania creek.
		There are many ways to sort tomatoes, including plant size, fruit color (red, orange, pink, yellow, bi-color, other), maturity date (early-, mid-, late-season), use (all-purpose, salad, slicing, canning, paste/sauce, juice, stuffing), commercial or home varieties, hybrid or OP, but the most common method combines size, shape and use.
	www.bbg.org /gar2/topics/kitchen/handbooks/tomatoes/2.html (0 words)

	Heterogeneity of the T Cell Response to Immunodominant Determinants Within Hen Eggwhite Lysozyme of Individual ...
		Heterogeneity of the T Cell Response to Immunodominant Determinants Within Hen Eggwhite Lysozyme of Individual Syngeneic Hybrid F1 Mice: Implications for Autoimmunity and Infection -- Moudgil et al.
		The increased expression of a hybrid MHC molecule
		hybrid Ia molecules restrict the response towards the glutamic acid A4 epitope.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/161/11/6046 (0 words)

	NCSU Tomato F1 Hybrid Parental Use Agreement
		Understands and agrees that any additional F1 hybrids using NC _____________ as a parent will require a separate agreement from NCSU for commercial seed production and sales for each hybrid.
		Releases NC _______________________ to all legitimate commercial entities who negotiate written agreements with NCSU to use it for development, seed production, and sales of approved F1 hybrid combinations.
		Will, to the extent reasonably possible, maintain the confidentiality of information that is 1) reduced to writing and marked by the Company as the Company's proprietary and confidential information and 2) which pertains to the use of NC ____________as a parental line and seed sales for hybrid tomato ___________.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /fletcher/programs/tomato/releases/hybrid.html (0 words)

	YoChonPage
		The F1 Hybrid is the healthiest cross possible due to "Hybrid Vigor".
		Our goal in breeding F1 Hybrid Puppies is to breed a Very Healthy Puppy with the desirable companion traits found in
		he F1 Hybrid Yochon is very healthy and are active little dogs.
	www.rollingmeadowspuppies.com /YoChonPage.html (0 words)

	NK Cells Can Trigger Allograft Vasculopathy: The Role of Hybrid Resistance in Solid Organ Allografts -- Uehara et al. ...
		the hybrid resistance phenomenon occurs in solid organ allografts.
		Hybrid resistance to parental DBA-2 grafts: independence from the H-2 locus.
		Critical role of NK but not NKT cells in acute rejection of parental bone marrow cells in F1 hybrid mice.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/175/5/3424 (0 words)

	General hybrid question - Hybridizing Forum - GardenWeb
		If Early Girl is crossed with another hybrid (making a four-way cross), it will also produce a generation of different uniform hybrids, maybe improved, maybe not, but different.
		The F1 has pairs of non identical chromosomes because it comes from a cross between 2 selected homozygous strains of tomato (AA,BB,CC etc crossed with aa,bb,cc, etc where A and a are two unlike chromosomes) It is not a 'hybrid' but a 'First Cross' (F1) of 2 selected strains.
		So the F1 generation of seedlings will be almost identical depending on how homozygous the parent plants are, and allowing for some crossing over of genes during meiosis.
	forums.gardenweb.com /forums/load/hybrid/msg1210474624191.html (0 words)

	The Photosynthetic ATP Synthase: Structure of its ...
		The photosynthetic ATP synthase: assembly of hybrid complexes
		We have developed genetic/biochemical assay systems of these subunits in the photosynthetic enzyme and assembled various hybrid complexes, which enable us to study the detailed mechanism of rotational catalysis as well as identify the participating structural elements.
		This hybrid enables us now to test for the first time rotational catalysis in an engineered photosynthetic F
	www.weizmann.ac.il /Biological_Chemistry/scientist/Elhanan/elhanan.html (0 words)

	Describes the diffrences between F1 & F2 Hybred Marijuana Plant Strains,
		F1 hybrid - is the first generation of a cross between any two unrelated seedlines in the creation of a
		F1 hybrids can be uniform or variable depending on the P1 parent stock used.
		F2 hybrid - is the offspring of a cross between two F1 plants (Clarke).
	www.onlinepot.org /grow/hybredplants.htm (0 words)

	Watermelon Seed F1 Hybrid Varieties at New England Seed Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Our large selection of flower seeds are the perfect choice for planting in your home, flower bed, greenhouse or field.
		On orders of 10 to 50 seeds 1 pk of Sugar Baby will be provided as apollinator.
		Triploid HYBRID (16-22 lb.) Tiger striped with bright red flesh.
	www.neseed.com /store/watermelonf1hybrid.html (0 words)

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