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	Brewster Buffalo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Brewster Buffalo, or Brewster F2A, is a fighter aircraft that was the first monoplane used by the United States Navy.
		Although it was becoming clear that the F2A was already becoming inadequate compared to the latest German fighters, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands purchased several hundred of the land-based versions.
		Though reinforced by the Commonwealth Buffaloes, retreating from Malaya, the Dutch squadrons were unable to stem or even slow the superiority of Japanese forces at ground level, and they flew their last mission on March 7.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brewster_Buffalo (1280 words)

	Brewster Buffalo -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Brewster Buffalo, or Brewster F2A, is a (A high-speed military or naval airplane designed to destroy enemy aircraft in the air) fighter aircraft that was the first (An airplane with a single wing) monoplane to equip a (Click link for more info and facts about U.S. Navy) U.S. Navy squadron.
		The aircraft originated with a Navy request of 1936 for a new generation of (A large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for take-offs and landings) aircraft carrier-based fighters.
		The plane, never called as "Buffalo" in Finland, was known simply as the "Brewster" fighter, or sometimes nicknamed as the "Sky Pearl" (Taivaan helmi) or "Pearl of the Northern Skies" (Pohjoisten taivaiden helmi).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/br/brewster_buffalo.htm (1188 words)

	Axls Planes Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Also operating the Buffalo in the Far East was the Militare Luchvaart-Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger (Royal Netherlands Indies Army Air Corps.) In 1940, the Dutch Government-in-exile had sent a purchasing commission to the United States to obtain Wright Cyclone-powered aircraft to defend the Netherlands Indies (present-day Indonesia) against Japanese expansion.
		And, although the Buffalo was an older design than the Zero, that does not mean that a skilled pilot was not capable of achieving success in one.
		Approximately 60 to 70 Buffalos were lost in air combat, 40 were destroyed on the ground, twenty were lost in various non-combat related accidents, four were transferred to the Dutch, and six were evacuated to India(they later fought alongside the Flying Tigers in the Burma-China theatre.
	www.studenten.net /customasp/axl/profile.asp?cat_id=3&ple_id=294 (2387 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo Variants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By this time, the Navy had become disenchanted with the Buffalo, and had become specially irritated at Brewster's frequent production delays and its seeming never-ending management difficulties, and the F2A-3 was to prove to be the last version of the Buffalo to enter Navy service.
		When Buffalos were withdrawn from front-line units, they were sent to Navy training air stations such as NAS Miami.
		Buffalos in the training role were often fitted with pneumatic 12-inch tail wheel tires, a detachable gun camera mounted on the starboard forward fuselage and a rearview periscope was mounted on the canopy framing.
	www.kotfsc.com /aviation/f2a-v.htm (2534 words)

	Brewster Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Brewster Buffalo, or Brewster F2A, is a fighter aircraft that was the first monoplane to equip a U.S. Navy squadron.
		Although it was becoming clear that the F2A was already becoming inadequate against the latest German and Japanese fighters, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands purchased several hundred of land-based versions.
		However, the Buffalo was clearly not going to survive against Messerschmitts, so they were sent to the Far East, equipping RAF, RAAF, and RNZAF squadrons in Singapore and Malaya, where they proved equally incapable of surviving against the Japanese opposition.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Brewster-Buffalo.htm (1068 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo
		The Brewster B-239 (U.S. Navy designation F2A) was created in response to the United States Navy's request for a modern aircraft to replace the Grumman F3F pursuit plane.
		This was due to the utter surprise and confusion that caused by the initial Japanese surprise attack.
		The U.S. had been replacing its Buffaloes; due mostly to the difficulties Brewster Aeronautical was having producing the fighter in adequate numbers.
	www.chuckhawks.com /brewster_buffalo.htm (1792 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The first monoplane fighter to equip a squadron of the US Navy, the Brewster F2A Buffalo originated from a US Navy requirement of 1936 for a new generation of carrier-based fighters.
		Of those which were ordered for the RAF, which gave the type the name Buffalo, deliveries began in July 1940.
		Buffaloes with the most successful combat record were a small number of almost 100 which had been ordered for the air arm of the Netherlands East lndies' army, which saw action in Java and Malaya.
	www.kotfsc.com /aviation/f2a.htm (861 words)

	Hasagawa 1/72 Brewster F2A-2 Buffalo
		The Buffalo became the first monoplane fighter to equip the US Navy and one of the first all-metal (save for fabric covered control surfaces) monoplane carrier based fighters around the globe.
		The F2A-2's were a second version of the Buffalo with more powerful engine, improved propellor and built-in flotation gear, which entered service in September 1940.
		Brewster Buffaloes were known for their dramatic losses in the Pacific War against the Japanese, in particular at the Battle for Midway.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/portland/971/Reviews/usaaf/buffalo.htm (816 words)

	Aviation History: The Beleaguered Buffalo
		The Buffalo performed adequately in foreign hands at least early in the war, but, like most aircraft of its generation, was clearly inferior to later designs.
		These Buffalos were all variants that were heavier and slower than the Finnish Buffalos, due to increased armor and fuel.
		The Marine Buffalos at Midway were the heaviest variant of all over 6500 lb., loaded up with a maximum speed of only 321 mph and a very sluggish climb.
	www.internetmodeler.com /awn/97-november/buffalo.htm (1261 words)

	Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo "Battle of Midway" Review by Steven Eisenman (Special Hobby 1/48)
		With VS-201 on the USS Long Island, the —3 Buffalo was relegated to neutrality patrols in the Atlantic, and was kept on after war with Germany was declared in anti-submarine patrols until April 1942.
		It seems that the Navy was quite happy to rid itself of the —3 Buffalo, as it suffered from landing gear failures, due to its increased weight.
		The Squadron/Signal In Action on the Buffalo indicates that there was a small emergency ration hatch on the bottom portion of the first frame on the left side of the rear portion of the canopy.
	kits.kitreview.com /sh48032reviewse_1.htm (1188 words)

	TAMIYA 1/48 Scale Model - Aircraft Series "U.S. Navy Brewster F2A-2 Buffalo"
		It was not until September 1940 that they started to receive their Buffalo's with Fighting squadron two (VF-2) and Fighting squadron three (VF-3) re-equipping with the -2 in early 1941.
		VF-2 modified all of their Buffalo's by eliminating the tall fuselage radio antenna mast and replaced it with a short stub mast bolted to the left wing.
		The F2A-2 Brewster Buffalo provided introduction to high speed monoplane fleet operations, and continued in service with the U.S. Marine Corps and as trainers until late 1943.
	www.zootoyz.net /en-us/p_335.html (281 words)

	Brewster F2A
		Although the Buffalo is best known for its horrible combat record (mostly against the Japanese A6Ms), when it was first designed in 1938 it was one of the best carrier-based airplanes ever seen.
		Its first try at airplanes was the F2A itself, and the new challenges of building aircraft for the first time delayed the construction of the prototype F2A by two years.
		By the time the US became involved in WW2, the Buffalo was hopelessly inferior to the A6M Zeroes and 21 of them were shot to pieces in the Japanese attack on Midway Island in 1942.
	members.tripod.com /Air_Museum_ww2/id16.htm (317 words)

	Cybermodeler Online - Tamiya 1/48 Brewster F2A-2 Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Brewster succeeded in with their new design that was named 'Buffalo' and orders came in from overseas for this new fighter.
		In the hands of the Finnish Air Force, the Buffalo was achieving 3:1 kill ratios against Stalin's fighters, while in the Pacific, the aircraft was faring better than its Japanese counterparts.
		Tamiya's 1/48 Brewster F2A-2 Buffalo kit is one of their early offerings and has been for years the only Buffalo available in injection-molded styrene.
	www.cybermodeler.com /hobby/kits/tam/kit_tam_f2a.shtml (1122 words)

	Jerry Rutman Brewster Buffalo B239 Finnish Export rewiewed by Ray Peterson
		The Buffalo was designed and built by the Brewster Aeronautical Corporation, first prototype taking flight in December of 1937 as part of a Naval contract to replace the F3f biplane fighter.
		During its combat career in Finland the Buffalo is credited with 496 enemy aircraft destroyed against the loss of nineteen Buffalos, for a victory ratio of 26:1.
		It compares quite well, the major differences being the kit is about a 1/16th of an inch too long at the very tip of the fuselage's tail, about a 1/16th shallowness in the fuselage at the very front of the windscreen, and some variance in the shape of the wingtip.
	www.largescaleplanes.com /reviews/Kits/WW2/Rutman/Buffalo/Buffalo.html (1980 words)

	Brewster SB2A Buffalo aircraft profile. Aircraft Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939-1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The F2A Buffalo was the first monoplane carrier fighter of the USN, designed in response to a requirement issued in 1935 with specifications for a replacement for the Grumman F3F biplane equipping ythe USNs four carriers.
		Flight testing the Brewster Buffalo These are excerpts from reports from the UK to the USA and subsequently archived at the National Air and Space Museum.
		Of the 27 Buffalo with the FAA only one is known to have been shot down- Aircraft AX813 failed to return from a patrol, after being shot down North West of Sidi Barrani on 17 June 1941 (Lt KL Keith taken POW, died of wounds 26 June 1941).
	www.fleetairarmarchive.net /Aircraft/Buffalo.htm (1135 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo by Jack McKillop
		The F2A was an all-metal, single-engine, single-seat, mid-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear and tail hook for carrier operations.
		As the Navy squadrons transitioned from the F2A to the F4F, the Buffalos were assigned to the U.S. Marine Corps.
		This was the Buffalo’s last combat with U.S. forces in World War II; the aircraft was relegated to training duties in the U.S. for the remainder of the war.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/aviation/f2a_buffalo.htm (1850 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo
		Soon after, the "Buffalo" was removed from combat units and assigned to advanced training duty only.
		Buffalos also served with the RAAF and NEIAF in the Pacific during WWII.
		Two RAF squadrons, 21st and 453rd served in Singapore with Buffalos.
	www.pacificwrecks.com /resources/tech/aircraft/buffalo.html (115 words)

	Brewster Model 239 Buffalo
		I was reading about Finland's defence against the Soviet Union's invasion during WWII, and how the Brewster Buffalo - one of the most maligned fighters in both USN and RAF service - achieved incredible kill ratios in Finnish service.
		Only problem is, the only Buffalo model is an F2A-2 (so far as I know.) To model the correct aircraft, I had to do some work.
		I finished the aircraft in a "winter" scheme serving 1942 (with yellow ID markings as applied to all German cobeligerents.) The kit itself, while not up to what I'm used to from Tamiya, is still a wonderful kit.
	airmodeller.tripod.com /48Fn239.htm (334 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The F2A was the first monoplane carrier fighter of the USN, designed in response to a requirement issued in 1935.
		It entered service in 1939, but already in 1941 it was being replaced by the F4F, and the only US unit to use it in combat was an USMC squadron defending Midway.
		The F2A was not a bad aircraft, but a poor basis for further development.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /~pettypi/elevon/gustin_military/db/us/F2ABUFFA.html (158 words)

	Tamiya 1/48 F2A-2 Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Had the Allied pilots had more than a few months to get used to their Buffalos, and had proper tactics been used to take advantage of the airplane's strong points, the record might have been different, though the overwhelming odds would likely have produced the same end result.
		He went on to say that the difference between the F2A-3 Buffalo and the F4F-4 Wildcat performance-wise was not so much that if he had flown the F2A-3 at Guadalcanal using proper tactics, he believed he would have scored as he did in the Wildcat.
		I think that the Buffalo, along with the Zero series Tamiya released around the same time, were the first of what became the "super kits" we are all familiar with today.
	m2reviews.cnsi.net /reviews/allies/us/cleaverf2a.htm (1853 words)

	Brewster F2A Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Maligned by many, the Brewster Buffalo was the US Navy's first all metal monoplane carrier borne fighter.
		Such was the state of the world in 1940/41 that even an aircraft as the Buffalo was sought by many foreign air forces.
		The complete history of the Buffalo along with the different variants is covered along with wartime operations with the various services and countries.
	modelingmadness.com /scotts/books/kagero/buffalo.htm (376 words)

	Completely Scale RC Main Page
		Brewster F2A Brewster XF2A-1 Brewster F2A-1 Brewster B-239 with Finland Brewster F2A-2 Brewster B-339B Brewster 339 in Netherlands East Indies Brewster Buffalo Mk I Brewster F2A-3 Brewster 339-23...
		Brewster F2A Buffalo by Jack McKillop The F2A Buffalo, built by the Brewster Aeronautical Corporation in the Long Island City section of the Borough of Queens, New York City, was the first...
		The demise of the biplane fighter for carrier duty was heralded by the arrival of Brewster's F2A Buffalo.
	completelyscale.00freehost.com /buff1.html (1425 words)

	Military Factory - Brewster F2A Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Other versions of the F2A were subsequently employed against the Japanese by the British Royal Air Force and the Netherlands East Indies Army Air Corps.
		By the beginning of the Pacific War, the F2A, by then also known by the popular name "Buffalo", was passing out of carrier squadron service in favor of the F4F-3.
		The "Buffalos" were transferred to the Marines, who assigned them to units defending Pacific island bases.
	www.militaryfactory.com /aircraft/popup.asp?aircraft_id=143 (415 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Marine pilots flying the Brewster F2A Buffalo — one of the Marine Corps’ less successful fighters of World War II — felt a “sense of outrage” when they were outclassed by Japanese Zero fighters, the late James Gilmartin, a retired Marine lieutenant colonel, said in a 1987 interview.
		The F2A was “overweight, unstable and not very maneuverable” when it flew against the Zeros in early 1942 at Midway Island in the Pacific, Gilmartin said.
		It built the Buffalo to meet a 1936 Navy requirement for a carrier-based fighter, but after the initial XF2A-1 model made its first flight in December 1937, the Navy ordered only 54 production F2A-1s, each powered by a 950-horsepower Wright XR-1820 Cyclone radial engine.
	www.marinetimes.com /print.php?f=0-MARINEPAPER-552776.php (508 words)

	Warbird Alley: Brewster Buffalo
		Used in the defense of Burma and Singapore, the Buffalo was overmatched by the Japanese and eventually withdrawn from service.
		Though unloved by the British, Australians, Americans, Belgians and Kiwis, 44 Buffaloes were flown by the Finnish LLv24 Squadron, and the aircraft was beloved and found to be very effective in the hands of its Finnish pilots.
		A Finnish variant of the F2A, the VL (Valtion Lentokonetehdas) Humu was intended as a replacement for the Finnish Air Force's worn-out F2A-1 Buffalo fighters, which could not be replaced due to poor wartime availability of imported combat aircraft.
	www.warbirdalley.com /buffalo.htm (518 words)

	Brewster F2A-3
		The F2A-3 (Brewster Model B-439) was the last version of the Buffalo to enter US Navy service.
		Training accidents were common and by 1943, there were few Buffalos left.
		Jim Maas, F2A Buffalo in Action, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1987.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher1/f2a_8.html (992 words)

	Tamiya 1/48 Brewster F2A-2 Buffalo
		Many countries used the Buffalo early in the war and the fighter was able to give a good accounting of its self in the hands of a capable pilot.
		The Japanese pilots that encountered the Buffalo referred to it as the “Flying Beer- Barrel” due to its short and stubby airframe.
		The US Marines put several Buffalos in the air at the famous battle of Midway and while most of them where shot down they were fighting against overwhelming odds.
	www.internetmodeler.com /2002/october/aviation/tam_f2a.htm (746 words)

	Tamiya 1/48 F2A-2 Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Brewster Buffalo was the first US monoplane fighter to be flown off a carrier.
		It is less well known that the Buffalo actually served with distinction with the Finnish Air Force.
		Armed with a variety of weapons, ranging from 1x.50 cal and 1x7.62mm in the early models to 4x.50cal in the later version, the Buffalo was no powerhouse of firepower.
	m2reviews.cnsi.net /scotts/allies/us/f2apreview.htm (764 words)

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