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	MacroScan - The FDI Policy
		There was no discussion of why FDI has been showing less interest in greenfield investment (the establishment of new industrial and service units) than in using the merger and acquisition (M and A) route to establish or increase its presence in the Indian market.
		As far as the volume of FDI is concerned, it is clearly not the presence or absence of FDI caps in each sector that matter as much as the environment for investment.
		The fundamental problem with FDI in India today is that while before 1991 all of it went into greenfield investment, it now appears to be increasingly concentrated in the M and A route.
	www.macroscan.com /cur/apr03/cur260403FDI_Policy.htm (1331 words)

	IPD's Capacity Building and Journalism Program; Economic Journalism Training
		FDI stock grows over time, and is defined to include all retained earnings of foreign-owned firms, which can be held in cash and or investments by the company.
		Inward FDI to developing countries increased from $8.4 billion in 1980 to $37.6 billion in 1990, to $204.8 billion in 2001.
		Thus FDI is said to be much less likely than debt capital to exacerbate a crisis situation, as happened in the Asian crisis in the late 90's.
	www.gsb.columbia.edu /ipd/j_fdi.html (3082 words)

	Foreign direct investment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the years after the Second World War global FDI was dominated by the United States, as much of the world recovered from the destruction wrought by the conflict.
		FDI has grown in importance in the global economy with FDI stocks now constituting over 20% of global GDP.
		As per the FDI Confidence Index compiled by A.T. Kearney for 2005, China and India hold the first and second position respectively, whereas United States has slipped to the third position.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/FDI (734 words)

	Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India
		Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows to developing countries are estimated to have gone up to U.S.$ 149 billion in 1997 from U.S.$ 130 billion in 1996.
		FDI in India in 1997-98 was lower at U.S.$ 5,025 million compared to U.S.$ 6,008 million in 1996-97 because of a decline in portfolio investment (Table 6.9).
		Although FDI flows were weaker, this overall decline in capital flows was mainly attributable to a net outflow in portfolio investment of U.S.$ 682 million during April-December, 1998 as against an inflow of U.S.$ 1742 million during the same period in 1997.
	www.indiaonestop.com /economy-fdi.htm (1714 words)

	FDI - a key concept in Economics and Management
		The "classical" FDI is a manufacture plant using foreign technology and management techniques to exploit low-cost local resources, with sales made to the present clients of the investor (thus, usually involving exports).
		On a sub-national level, FDI usually concentrates in the richest part of the country, where wages are higher, also because there the investor can find a better infrastructure and easier logistical accessibility from abroad.
		If FDI is targeted to an acquisition of a large inefficient firm, the priority of profits will possibly lead, in the short run, to waves of dismissals and a rise of unemployment.
	www.economicswebinstitute.org /glossary/fdi.htm (2314 words)

	About IPD \|\| Advisory Board
		FDI to Poland did decrease in 2002, but it was still over $8 billion, and FDI has generally been decreasing globally.
		This was seen as a turning point for Poland and after this FDI increased dramatically, and Poland quickly became and continues to be the dominant recipient of FDI in the region.
		FDI, then, clearly contributed to a negative balance of payments, though this might have been an inevitable by-product of industrial restructuring that FDI was promoting.
	www.gsb.columbia.edu /ipd/j_fdi_poland_bk.html (2008 words)

	Foreign Direct Investment, FDI in India, Real Estate Investment in India
		However, in 2005-06, while total FDIs in India were estimated at US$ 5.46 billion, the real estate share in them was around 16%.
		However, the flow of FDI investments has been thwarted by the 100 acre criterion; since acquiring such a large chunk of land was impossible in metropolitan cities and even satellite cities and state capitals.
		But a landmark decision taken by the Union government in 2005, where the minimum land area for development by foreign investors was lowered from the earlier floor of 100 acres to 25 acres has thrown open the lucrative parts of the Indian realty market to global investors.
	www.indianground.com /real_estate_fdi.aspx (948 words)

	Tempering FDI-inviting policies
		It is necessary to gradually adopt an "FDI shift strategy," meaning steadily removing the distortions created by FDI and alleviating the reliance of China's GDP growth on the FIEs.
		However, most studies on global FDI flows in general, and those to China in particular have demonstrated preferential treatments only play a minor role in multinational companies' location decisions of their overseas investment.
		FDI structures will be shaped by the new instruments and round-tripping FDIs is apt to decline and disappear eventually, reducing China's FDI figures statistically.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-09/29/content_378712.htm (961 words)

	Trade and Investment Division, UNESCAP
		FDI flows to Asia have risen dramatically over the past two decades as a result of increasing openness (declining post financial crisis but again rebounding post 2000).
		Also, FDI in services now account for the largest share, and this is presenting new kinds of challenges in terms of economic and social impacts.
		The objective of this consultative meeting on FDI was principally to bring together a select group of regional experts from research institutions, governments, and international agencies to discuss the key policy issues underlying the character and impact of FDI in Asian economies.
	www.unescap.org /apbf/fdi05.asp (792 words)

	Foundation for Democratic Initiatives::FDI::
		The Foundation for Democratic Initiatives (FDI), established in October 2001, is a Kosovo-based foundation that makes grants to NGOs and associations working to establish a prosperous democratic and tolerant society in Kosovo.
		Since its initiation, FDI has been a leader in the funding and promotion of programs in human rights, gender issues, ecology, public participation in government decision-making processes and market economy reform.
		As a reliable grant-making institutions, FDI ensures that funds entrusted to it are handled properly by using grant-tracking and financial systems that meet international standards; adhering to a conflict of interest policy and decision-making procedures designed to ensure transparency in the grant-making process; and, employing an experienced and qualified staff to oversee the process.
	www.fdi-kosovo.org /?id=20&sid=0 (213 words)

	Foreign Direct Investment in U.S. Energy 2001
		The share of total net FDI capital inflows to the United States going to the petroleum and natural gas industry in 2001 declined to 8.3 percent (Figure 4), as FDI inflows to the industry fell even faster than those to the economy as a whole.
		Net FDI capital inflows to the U.S. electric, gas, and sanitary services industry, which is used as a proxy for the electricity industry in this report, fell to $2.9 billion in 2001, although it remained above the levels of the 1994 to 1998 period (Figure 3).
		Gross property, plant, and equipment for the FDI affiliates in the United States in 1997 in the electric power generation, transmission, and distribution segments was 48 percent of the total for all utilities, while the water, sewage, and other systems segment was 27 percent, and the natural gas distribution segment was 24 percent.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/finance/fdi/fdisec2.html (1833 words)

	Bengtsson: Symbiosis...
		However, through FDI World Dental Federation, a member of CIOMS, a link to the dental industry could be traced.
		The leaflet says that an increasingly important task for the FDI is to co-ordinate the world's expertise, to produce and disseminate policies and "state-of-the-art" consensus reports.
		FDI is in the process of changing the membership dues for the industrial sector.
	www.gbg.bonet.se /bwf/art/symbiosis.html (2504 words)

	fDi Magazine: Watch and learn
		With FDI accepted as a catalyst for economic growth, the industrial development plans of developing countries seek to articulate strategies for winning greater shares of global and regional FDI flows.
		The significant role of FDI in socio-technological and economic development was recognised and confirmed by the UN Financing for Development Conference in Monterrey, Mexico, in 2002.
		FDI, and its policy environment, are therefore of crucial concern for policymakers in developing and industrialised countries alike.
	www.fdimagazine.com /news/fullstory.php/aid/1275/Watch_and_learn.html (1548 words)

	News - Most Attractive Foreign Direct Investment Destinations
		For the first half of 2004, U.S. FDI inflows are estimated to have reached $42.9 billion, more than the total inflows received for the entire year in 2003.
		FDI decisions will be tempered by the performance of the U.S. economy, the dollar, and the ability of the leadership in Beijing to engineer a soft-landing for Chinese economy.
		While leading corporate executives consider the overheating of the Chinese economy to be the third most important factor influencing their FDI decisions, this has not changed the strategic equation that investors consider the upside benefits to outweigh the risks in China.
	www.atkearney.com /main.taf?p=1,5,1,151 (3258 words)

	Intel® Flash Memory Software Builder: Intel® FDI
		Special algorithms in Intel FDI allow the system to store parameter data of widely varying sizes with great efficiency, and they allow discreet portions of the parameters to be updated rather than having to rewrite the entire parameter for every change.
		However, once FDI is ready to program or erase a data block on the component, it sends any information necessary to perform the operation to one of these routines, which then takes control of the system.
		Intel FDI updates its "logical block information" tables in RAM to reflect the new location of the data that was copied, and then it erases the block from which that the data was copied.
	developer.intel.com /design/flash/swb/fdi.htm (1568 words)

	FDI Flows: A Critical Look
		FDI entails direct control of the acquired domestic firm, which the typical domestic savers with portfolio ownership positions in the firm do not have.
		Krugman considered two potential reasons for a surge in FDI inflows after a financial crisis, while at the same time, other forms of capital inflows (loans or portfolio flows) dry up: 1) Assume that foreign firms are more efficient than their domestic counterparts.
		Claessens, M. Dooley, and A. Werner demonstrate that a common characterization of FDI as "cold" capital flows and foreign portfolio investments as "hot" capital flows, is inconsistent with the data.
	www.nber.org /reporter/spring02/razin.html (2077 words)

	Foundation for Democracy in Iran
		Opposition sources tell FDI that 3 women were killed when they tried to flee Revolutionary Guards troops and their car overturned, while a man was shot dead, apparently by Pasdaran troops.
		FDI's source says the launchers move only at night, and have been instructed to change their postions "in a radius of 30 to 35 kilometers." Before the new orders, the Shahab-3 units changed position on a weekly basis.
		FDI sources in Tehran said the IRGC leadership was "shocked" by the crash, which apparently resulted from a failure of both engines of the French-made executive jet.
	www.iran.org (8764 words)

	Foundation For Design Integrity
		FDI’s mission has its roots in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution, which states, “[The Congress shall have power] To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to the respective writings and discoveries.”
		Since FDI's founding in 1994, more than 150 members have come together to promote awareness within the industry about the importance of protecting original design, and to assist members in preventing the unlicensed duplication of their proprietary product designs.
		Membership in FDI is open to product designers, manufacturers, showroom operators, the media, design associations, students and educators, design professional such as architects and interior designers and all those who share and interest in promoting original design.
	www.ffdi.org (207 words)

	FDI, Facilities Development, Inc., Equipment Intelligence for the Healthcare Industry. FDI Plan.
		FDI brings to your healthcare team the equipment expertise you need in today's technology-driven world.
		With FDI, you benefit from two decades of success in planning, purchasing and installing of medical equipment throughout North America for major medical centers, community hospitals, nursing homes, medical office buildings, clinics, ambulatory care centers and specialty healthcare facilities.
		Throughout your project, FDI is committed to saving you time and money and providing unsurpassed consultative services.
	www.fdiplan.com (217 words)

	FDI
		Cent per cent FDI has been allowed for the development of townships and building materials and 51 per cent FDI in industrial and commercial projects.
		The Indian real estate sector has welcomed the FDI move as they see an opportunity to develop townships in India together with the foreign entrants.
		Interestingly, the real estate sector had not reposed much hope in FDI when the guidelines were first announced, with experts opining that not many foreign firms would bite the bait.
	www.abodesindia.com /articles/jun2001/FDI.htm (452 words)

	SSRN-The Merits of Horizontal versus Vertical FDI in the Presence of Uncertainty by Joshua Aizenman, Nancy Marion
		Vertical FDI takes place when the multinational fragments the production process internationally, locating each stage of production in the country where it can be done at the least cost.
		If vertical FDI is more likely to flow into emerging markets and horizontal FDI into mature markets, then the empirical finding that most FDI is horizontal rather than vertical might be due, in part, to the greater uncertainty associated with emerging markets.
		Aizenman, Joshua and Marion, Nancy Peregrim, "The Merits of Horizontal versus Vertical FDI in the Presence of Uncertainty" (November 2001).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=292247 (431 words)

	FDI Publications
		FDI is committed to furthering the healthcare industry's knowledge of equipment planning, procurement and installation.
		Barbara Bruning, Senior Project Manager with FDI, and Bud Bedingfield, Senior Project Manager with Kitchell Contractors, Inc., are giving a joint presentation at the Healthcare Facilities Symposium and Expo, scheduled October 24-26, 2006, in Chicago.
		FDI has provided its equipment planning, occupancy planning, and simulation modeling services to prestigious public and private hospitals throughout the United States and Canada.
	www.fdiplan.com /publications.aspx (509 words)

	Fujirebio : Legal Information
		While FDI attempts to keep the information presented on this Site current, medical information and knowledge change quickly, and this Site should not be considered error-free or as a comprehensive source of all information on a particular topic.
		Except as expressly stated and agreed upon in advance by FDI, no confidential relationship shall be established in the event that any user of this Site should make any oral, written or electronic communication to FDI (such as feedback, questions, comments, suggestions, ideas, etc.).
		If at any time FDI or the Site requires or requests that information be provided, and the requested information includes personal identifying information (e.g., name, address, phone number), FDI shall obtain, use and maintain it in a manner consistent with our Privacy Policy.
	www.fdi.com /legal.html (2436 words)

	MIGA's FDI Promotion Center -- Resources for Investment Promotion Practitioners
		Here you'll discover reference information that answers your immediate questions about many aspects of FDI promotion, resources to research prospective investors, tools and best practice examples to help structure your operations and activities, and E-learning (coming soon) to develop individual skills and increase knowledge of FDI promotion methods and tactics.
		FDI Promotion Center is designed to accommodate all levels of practitioners - from novice to very experienced - and a broad range of interest areas.
		Its content also helps policy makers seeking to better understand the benefits of FDI and the institutional requirements for successful promotional efforts.
	www.fdipromotion.com /index.cfm?pageID=2 (415 words)

	\|ngo2ngo\| FDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Foundation for Democratic Initiative (FDI), established in October 2001, is the primary partner in the implementation of the Kosovo NGO Advocacy Project (KNAP), a cooperative agreement between USAID and East West Management Institute (EWMI).
		FDI has become a leader in the promotion and funding of programs in human rights, gender issues, market economy reform, ecology, and civil society.
		FDI has established a formal partnership with the Prishtina-based youth organization The Forum, which is responsible for advocacy training and the KNAP Advocacy Resource Training Center.
	www.ngo2ngo.org /FDI_eng.htm (298 words)

	About FDI Medical Equipment - Natik, MA
		FDI Medical is uniquely positioned to provide manufacturers with a specialized sales force that can successfully distribute current products as well as launch new products across the United States.
		FDI Medical proudly represents products that promote a healthy lifestyle, and that aid in the management of chronic disease.
		FDI Medical, with its national network of distributors with specialized knowledge and marketing experience, is playing a vital role in this rapidly changing health care industry.
	www.fdimedical.com /aboutus.html (207 words)

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