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| | Color changing karyotyping (CCK) |
 | | The same three dyes are used in the form of fluorescent nucleotides (for example, AMCA-, FITC and rhodamine-dUTP) and as labeled antibodies, to detect the haptenes (bio-, dig- or DNP-dUTP) used to label the chromosomes. |
 | | Thus, although in the first image, the chromosome labeled with FITC and the one labeled with FITC+DIG appear to have the same color (green), in the second image (after adding the Cy3-labeled anti-DIG antibody), the chromosome labeled with DIG-dUTP changes (shifts) its color from green to red. |
 | | Thus, imaging the FITC channel will permit visualizaton of only the FITC-detected, DNP-dUTP stained chromosomes, which are very bright and require significantly shorter exposure times. |
| info.med.yale.edu /genetics/ward/tavi/CCKprinciple.html (1308 words) |
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