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	Independence War in Cabinda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		FLEC controlled most of the region in 1975, and constituted a provisional government led by Henriques Tiago.
		FLEC has continued its political and military struggle for Cabindan independence since the invasion, with little success.
		On July 18, 2006 FLEC and the government of Angola signed a peace treaty giving the region greater autonomy and ending the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Independence_War_in_Cabinda (239 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Cabinda in Angola (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		FLEC denounced the agreement of Alvor ending the Angolan liberation movement which gave control of Cabinda to the MPLA government in Angola.
		FLEC rebels were thought to be in control of much of Cabinda's jungle interior, but the Angolan government still controlled Cabinda City, where one-half of Cabinda's population lives, and the oil wealth.
		FLEC accused the FAA (Armed Forces of Angola) of shelling regions of Cabinda with heavy artillery fire that killed 7 civilians and injured 19 others.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=54003 (3249 words)

	FLEC 3 (Cabinda, Angola) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		FLEC was largely inert during the war against the Portuguese and languished afterwards, although UNITA staged some attacks against oil installations.
		FLEC was reformed in 1984 and began operations against the MPLA regime.
		FLEC has had its own factional problems and there is (or was) also an organization calling itself 'UNALEC' (presumably, the National Union for the Liberation of the Enclave in Cabinda).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ao}flec3.html (421 words)

	Para Tours
		FLEC's aim is to free Cabinda from Angolan rule and use the petrodollars to develop the local economy and directly benefit Cabinda's inhabitants.
		FLEC ushered in the New Year in style in January 1996 kidnapping four foreigners employed by a mining company, releasing the three South Africans and the Sao Tome Principe citizen after a week of captivity.
		FLEC’s Brazzaville office trumpeted the action while claiming that since May 15, 1996 the FAA had deployed 5,000 troops in Cabinda in response to their attacks.
	www.cabinda.net /mercenary.htm (4233 words)

	Conflict Summary
		FLEC’s history is characterised by constant fragmentation and the rebels have during the course of the conflict split into a number of separate organisations.
		From 1989 and onwards the two FLEC factions that have been active in the conflict are FLEC-FAC, under the leadership of Henriques Tiago N'Zita, and FLEC-R (Renovada), initially led by Jose Tiburcio Luemba in 1997 replaced by Antonio Bento Bembe.
		The various FLEC factions initially received logistical support from Zaire, which had its eyes on Cabinda’s oil, but after President Neto of Angola and President Mobubu of Zaire signed an agreement to improve the two state’s relations, this source of support dried up.
	www.pcr.uu.se /database/conflictSummary.php?bcID=4 (1592 words)

	IA TR - June 12, 1998 - Page 3 - National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade®
		It is important to note that FLEC Article l0 (VII) may pose constitutional problems, given the great discretion the Commission possesses in determining the elements of monopolistic practices.
		Where a violation of the FLEC is found in administrative proceedings, monetary fines of up to one hundred thousand times the minimum wage in force in the Federal District may be imposed by the Commission.
		In particularly egregious cases, the Commission may impose, in lieu of the fine previously mentioned, a fine of up to 10 percent of the yearly sales obtained by the alleged predator during the prior fiscal period or l0 percent of annual sales or value of assets, whichever is higher.
	www.natlaw.com /bulletin/1998/r9806/980612c.htm (1080 words)

	[No title]
		FLEC received moral support from several African governments, including Zaire, Congo, Central African Republic, Gabon and Uganda, in the 1960s and 1970s.
		FLEC leaders were both pleased and annoyed to be left out of the peace process: pleased because they felt this to be a recognition of the separateness of their struggle and annoyed because they remained part of Angola proper.
		March 1993: FLEC rebels were thought to be in control of much of Cabinda's jungle interior, but the Angolan government still controlled Cabinda City, where one-half of Cabinda's population lives, and the oil wealth.
	www.chez.com /cabinda/history2.htm (2930 words)

	FLEC 1 (Cabinda, Angola)
		The original FLEC was founded in August 1963 by Luis Ranque Franque who, encouraged by Portuguese authorities to continue separatist activities, refused to join other Angolan independence movements.
		In mid-1992 increased incidents of FLEC initiated violence were reported in the province, with the situation further deteriorating during the runup tot the September elections.
		In December FLEC activists, citing the likelihood of further unrest, urged São Tomé and Principe expatriates to depart and in January 1993 Angolan officials charged "Congolese politicians" with supplying arms to the separatists.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ao}flec.html (1343 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Cabinda
		FLEC demands include the dissociation of Cabinda from Angola, the recognition of FLEC as the only Cabindan liberation movement, and formal recognition of the Cabindan people's right to self-determination.
		FLEC also protests to the UN over the alleged killing of over 100 students and villagers by MPLA and Portuguese troops.
		Gabon, Uganda and the Central African Republic openly support FLEC, but the majority of OAU members firmly oppose the Cabindan separatists and their demand for an independent state on the grounds that it would encourage separatism elsewhere.
	www.irinnews.org /webspecials/cabinda/chronology.asp (1066 words)

	International Spotlight: Angola
		However, FLEC, which came to represent solely the interests of Cabinda, was marginalized during talks held in the southern Portuguese town of Alvor, which paved the way for Angola's independence.
		FLEC was not allowed to participate in the talks, held between three Angolan nationalist groups – the MPLA, UNITA and FNLA – and the colonial authorities following the collapse of the fascist government in Portugal on April 25, 1974.
		The Cabindans were extremely unhappy about this, and FLEC took their grievances to the Organization of African Unity and to the United Nations.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-adv/specialsales/spotlight/angola/article10.html (941 words)

	Fraunhofer WKI - Veranstaltung
		The FLEC was the archetype of the European Standard ENV 13419-2, which has been published in 1999.
		Two years later, the FLEC 10 years' anniversary was celebrated on occasion of the 2nd International FLEC Symposium again in Copenhagen.
		It is our pleasure to invite you to Braunschweig to participate in the 3rd FLEC Symposium, which is now held as conference on FLEC and related analytics.
	www.wki.fhg.de /publikat/flec2004-neu.htm (375 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Angola: Web Special on Cabinda
		Negotiations between the government and various FLEC factions began during the 1980s, but these exploratory talks were characterised by mutual mistrust.
		In September 2002, the political bureau of FLEC challenged the Portuguese government - as it had done on previous occasions - to "assume with courage a clear political position on the question of Cabinda".
		FLEC has consistently argued that a referendum, in which only Cabindans would vote, could finally end the conflict.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/67072480001558c885256dbf00677d57 (2486 words)

	Angola: Between War and Peace in Cabinda (A Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper): Background
		FLEC sporadically attacked the relatively small number of government troops deployed in Cabinda as well as economic targets, including kidnapping foreign employees working in the province’s oil, timber, gold mining and construction businesses.
		FLEC combatants also emerged from the forest to claim the demobilization benefits offered by the government; FLEC’s sympathizers as well as its opponents acknowledge that the movement has been reduced to small roving bands of guerrillas with light arms, and no permanent logistical bases.
		FLEC was excluded from the talks as Portugal never recognized it as an interlocutor in the independence process.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/africa/angola/2004/1204/3.htm (1038 words)

	Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (Frente para a
		Emulating the FNLA, FLEC created a government in exile on January 10, 1967, in the border town of Tshela in Zaire.
		This led to a deterioration of the relations between the FLEC and Congo.
		FLEC had mounted 15 attacks on army targets between May and August 1997 in the enclave.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/para/flec.htm (758 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Cabinda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In 2002 it was widely believed that FLEC-FAC, a splinter group of the original FLEC movement, posed the most serious military threat to the government.
		FLEC had for years used territory in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Congo-Brazzaville as rear bases from which to launch attacks into Cabinda.
		Although the report cited abuses by both the Angolan security forces and FLEC, the overwhelming number of accusations were made against the FAA.
	www.irinnews.org /webspecials/cabinda/default.asp (783 words)

	Rubber Mat Rolls
		FLEC SPORT SURFACING is a non-laminated, one-piece floor covering consisting of polymerically bound recycled rubber with colored EPDM (highest quality colored rubber) granules and pigmented SBR (Styrene Butile Rubber).
		Sport Flec is suitable for both interior and exterior applications and is ideal for surfacing areas that require resilience, sound absorption, spike resistance and traction.
		Sport Flec is manufactured completely within the United states from premium recycled fl rubber particles and colored EPDM rubber pieces (highest quality colored rubber).
	www.ncnwest.com /rbr/sportflc.htm (454 words)

	Angola: Extrajudicial executions and torture in Cabinda
		This was a blow to armed FLEC factions and to the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, which had bases in these countries [2].
		According to non-government sources the FLEC attacks have usually been followed by raids by the government, apparently in retaliation, on villages in the vicinity of the attack.
		However, FLEC groups have reportedly abducted minors to join their military ranks and the government has, on a few occasions, accused separatists of deliberately killing government supporters.
	www.amnestyusa.org /regions/africa/document.do?id=B23C99759AF779518025690000692F1B (3832 words)

	Cabinda
		Since the early 1990s, the government of Angola has implemented various measures in order to appease the groups, such as encouraging FLEC members to lay down their arms and join the administration, a move that has met with at least partial success.
		By late December 1996 clashes between the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) and Angolan government troops continued as the respective forces attempt to capture territory previously held by the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
		In March 2001 FLEC-Renovada, an offshoot of the original FLEC group that is not usually violent, kidnaped five Portuguese employees of a construction company; they were released after 3 months.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/cabinda.htm (1798 words)

	Project Summary: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Altex, has identified an approach, called the Flexible Low Emissions Combustor (FLEC), that is projected to reliably burn poorly formed, inconsistently sized and high moisture plant waste at low emissions and without the need for labor.
		Given the potential of the FLEC to achieve efficient and environmentally clean combustion of plant waste at a cost 30% less than alternative methods, tests should be run to prove the concept for plant wastes of interest.
		Successful completion of the proposed effort will show that plant waste fired systems can be built to reliably generate energy at low cost and low emissions.
	eisg.sdsu.edu /Fullsums/01-16.htm (468 words)

	FLEC 4 (Cabinda, Angola)
		Now the FLEC is the "Frente de Libertação do Estado de Cabinda" (Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda) and is not to be confused with the Frente de Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (which also goes by the same acronym - see here for details of this FLEC).
		The detail of the flag is a representation of a padrao, a column of stone, carved in the upper segment with the Portuguese quinas and topped by the cross of Christ, that the Portuguese sailors used to carry around to leave at the lands they claimed for Portugal.
		that I know of from this third FLEC, which is basically a government in exile aimed at "organizing a national Cabindan conference reuniting all sensible entities that struggle for independence", as they say in the homepage.
	flagspot.net /flags/ao}flec1.html (639 words)

	ANTITRUST CONSIDERATIONS EVEN IF MEXICO IS NOT YOUR MARKET
		The main purposes of the FLEC are to protect the competition process and the free access to the market as well as to promote economic efficiencies through the prohibition, suspension and elimination of certain practices.
		An important issue in connection with the application of Mexican antitrust laws is the definition of "economic agent", as Article 3 of the FLEC contemplates that all economic agents participating in any areas of the economic activity shall be bound by the provisions of the FLEC.
		Now, since there is no other provision under the FLEC nor under its Regulations regarding what is to be understood as an "economic agent", we must conclude that virtually anyone and anything (either Mexican or foreign) participating in any economic activity (either in Mexico or abroad) will be required to comply with Mexican antitrust laws.
	www.maquilaportal.com /editorial/editorial146.htm (880 words)

	Angola Erstwhile Opposition: FLEC and the FNLA - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		FLEC waged an intermittent independence struggle between its establishment in 1963 and its virtual demise by the mid-1980s.
		Zaire's withdrawal of support and internal dissension in the late 1970s caused FLEC to fragment into five factions, three of which remained marginally active militarily in the late 1980s.
		A combination of the factions' internal divisions and lack of external support, on the one hand, and the heavy concentration in Cabinda of Cuban troops and FAPLA forces, on the other hand, reduced FLEC to little more than a nuisance.
	www.photius.com /countries/angola/national_security/angola_national_security_erstwhile_opposition~137.html (449 words)

	MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
		FLEC is a nationalist movement devoted to the creation of an independent state of Cabinda.
		Shortly after its founding, FLEC divided into three principle factions: "Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave - Renewed," "FLEC - Forces Amardas de Cabinda," and "Frente Democratica de Cabinda." These separate factions (some might say splinter groups) contain their own military wings to complement their political goals.
		In many ways, FLEC is comprised of several factions that operate independently of each other.
	www.tkb.org /Group.jsp?groupID=118 (603 words)

	[No title]
		1963 : creation of the Front for the liberation of the enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) in Pointe-Noire (Congo-Brazzaville), as a result of the merger of the Movement for the liberation of the enclave of Cabinda (MLEC), the Committee of action for the cabindese national union (CAUNC) and the Alliance of Mayombe (Alliama).
		Deterioration of the relations between the FLEC and Congo.
		Description of the FLEC flag - A spicy testimony - The Cabinda War : a scenario
	www.chez.com /cabinda/english/history.htm (827 words)

	Chronology
		May 1981: Six men were sentenced to death on charges of belonging to FLEC and of having carried out bomb attacks against strategic economic targets, schools and hospitals in Angola proper.
		The fighting is centred in an area about 70 km from the city of Cabinda but has spread to the capital.
		11 November 1998: FLEC accused the FAA (Armed Forces of Angola) of shelling regions of Cabinda with heavy artillery fire that killed 7 civilians and injured 19 others.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/angcabinchro.htm (3510 words)

	Cabinda (Angola) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		I have a photograph taken from an article in a Portuguese magazine of a member of a FLEC guerilla group, showing a flag to the photographer.
		The flag is clearly visible and held correctly, since in the same article was published the coat of arms of the so-called Republic of Cabinda and it is in the same position as the one in the flag.
		A guy from one of the FLECs (I think the FAC but I'm not sure) in Cabinda was interviewed by telephone bu one of the portuguese TV channels, and stated clearly "Frente de Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda".
	www.fotw.us /flags/ao-cabin.html (1034 words)

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