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Topic: FMLN

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Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front

Coordinadora Revolucionaria de Masas

San Salvador

Schafik Handal

Chapultepec Peace Accords

El Salvador

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Alfredo Cristiani

Raymond Bonner

In the News (Wed 11 Nov 09)

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	Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1980 the FMLN was formed as an umbrella group of four left wing guerilla organizations and the Salvadoran Communist Party to fight the Salvadoran government.
		The FMLN was named after the rebel leader Farabundo Martí, who led workers and peasants in an uprising to transform Salvadoran society after the devastation caused by the eruption of the volcano Izalco in 1932.
		The FMLN's candidate in the March 21, 2004 presidential election, Schafik Jorge Handal, won 35.6% of the vote, but was defeated by Antonio Elías "Tony" Saca of the Nationalist Republican Alliance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/FMLN (2488 words)

	‘‘As befits the outcome without victors or vanquished, the FMLN enters the peace by opening its fist into a hand ...
		In exchange for the phased demobilization of the FMLN’s army, the Accords called for a wide ranging series of institutional changes in El Salvador that were aimed at providing political guarantees for the FMLN to safely enter civilian political life, at healing the wounds of war and at amplifying democracy in El Salvador.
		The speeches of then President Cristiani and the FMLN’s Schafik Handal at Chapúltepec shared a strong sense of the social and political ills that led to the war, and a commitment to engage in partnership the shared goals of reconstruction, development, and shaping a deeper, participatory democracy.
		There are indications that the FMLN has not mastered the difficult tasks of being both a cadre organization, which tends to close it off from society, and one which must get enthusiastic "volunteer" work from "cadre" on whom it has a weaker hold than during the military discipline of the war years.
	www.hemisphereinitiatives.org /chapultepec.htm (19116 words)

	AMER.BOU
		The FMLN, which termed the attacks a "limited military operation," claimed that it launched the operation to "punish" the Salvadoran military and "accelerate" the peace negotiations, which had bogged down principally over the issue of military reform.
		At least in the short run, however, the assault, which the FMLN declared on December 31, may have weakened the prospects for peace.
		In one case, the FMLN and Salvadoran armed forces engaged in two hours of fighting around a school where 40 children were trapped.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1990/WR90/AMER.BOU-07.htm (4493 words)

	AMW
		Although the FMLN pledged to conduct a trial of two combatants it detained for the murder of the two U.S. advisers, it had yet to do so almost a year after their deaths.
		Although FMLN guerrillas were likely to have been present in the village at the time of the attack, the casualties indicate that the military fired indiscriminately and without sufficient concern for the civilian population.
		The FMLN was responsible for several summary executions and other abuses in 1991, perhaps none so infamous as the January 2 execution of two wounded U.S. servicemen after their helicopter was shot down over eastern El Salvador.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1992/WR92/AMW-08.htm (6353 words)

	Equipo Nizkor - Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador
		FMLN attempted to boycott the elections with transport stoppages, kidnappings and murders, and by car-bombings.
		FMLN continued its policy of "ajusticiamientos" (summary executions) and threats against mayors, forcing them to leave office; one third of the territory of El Salvador was affected.
		Members of FMLN admitted to the Commission that they had laid mines with little or no supervision, so much so that civilians and their own members who were not sufficiently familiar with the location of minefields had been affected.
	www.derechos.org /nizkor/salvador/informes/truth.html (18266 words)

	El Salvador - Political Flags
		The deputy coordinator is Francisco Jovel, member of the general command of FMLN during the civil war.
		FMLN's goal was to recreate El Salvador as a Communist state.
		In fact, the ability of both Castro's government and the Sandinistas to successfully perpetuate and win a Communist revolution was proof to FMLN that their objective was not impossible.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/sv}.html (1383 words)

	Revolutionary management in El Salvador, by Karim Bourtel
		Appointed by Silva, Eduardo Linares, a former FMLN commander, assumed control of the CAM in 1997; at the time he described it as "an appendage of the national police force, undermined by violence, lack of discipline and abuse of power".
		The people’s desire for a new president might not translate into a FMLN victory, even though the FMLN increased its share of the vote in the 2000 municipal and legislative elections while Arena’s support fell, a trend that began in 1997.
		The FMLN is currently gaining valuable experience in grassroots democracy: the administrative skills it demonstrates at the council level (especially in San Salvador), and its ingenuity and talent at overcoming rightwing obstacles, will prove that the party is ready to govern.
	www.mondediplo.com /2002/03/09salvador?var_recherche=FMLN (2919 words)

	Accuracy In Media - AIM Report
		The FMLN offensive, which bore an uncanny strategic resemblance to the Tet Offensive in Vietnam of January 1968, started the night of Nov. 11 when their death squads tried to murder Cristiani and top government leaders in their homes.
		He wrote that the rector was long considered an FMLN supporter by the military, "hated by the far right and often denounced" as an apologist for the communists.
		FMLN cited this bombing as the pretext for launching its November offensive, a claim the media reported.
	www.aim.org /publications/aim_report/1989/12a.html (3786 words)

	Chapter VII: El Salvador: Peace Agreements: Library and Links: U.S. Institute of Peace
		The separation of forces shall take place in two stages, so that the Salvadorian armed forces (FAES) fall back progressively from their present positions until deployed as they would normally be in peacetime and the FMLN forces are concentrated progressively in designated locations within conflict areas as determined in annex D.
		When they leave those places in order to be reintegrated, within a framework of full legality, into the civil, political and institutional life of the country, their personal weapons shall also be deposited in the locked warehouses referred to in the preceding paragraph.
		FMLN shall dispose of the remains of the destroyed weapons.
	www.usip.org /library/pa/el_salvador/pa_es_01161992_ch7.html (1796 words)

	FMLN Leader Dies of Heart Attack
		FMLN standard bearer and former presidential candidate Shafik Handal died yesterday at the age of 75 after suffering a heart attack at the airport upon arriving home from attending the inauguration ceremony of Bolivia’s newly elected president, Evo Morales.
		Handal was a senior leader of the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front, or FMLN, the rebel group that fought a series of U.S.-backed right-wing governments throughout the 1980s.
		After the Peace Accords, the FMLN became a political party and Shafik was elected to the National Assembly where he served as a representative until his death.
	www.crispaz.org /news/list/2006/0125.htm (416 words)

	EPICA: Ecumenical Program in Central America and the Caribbean
		Tendencies on March 16 indicate a municipal prevalence of the FMLN, as well as a shared majority with ARENA in the legislature, which means a drastic modification of the power relations which prevailed to date.
		A first aspect to notice is that the FMLN has apparently won a greater number of legislative deputies in these elections (at least 28 compared with 21 in 1994), although this was not precisely because its level of support increased proportionately.
		In the 1994 elections for deputies, the FMLN received a total of 287,811 votes, while in 1997, with 58.7% of the votes counted, its vote count is currently 230,542.
	www.epica.org /Library/democratization/uca.htm (1547 words)

	americas.org - FMLN Wins Big (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		FMLN campaign director Facundo Guardado said he expected FMLN seats to total 31 and ARENA, 30.
		Though the election was basically non-violent, four FMLN activists were shot and two of them killed by a dozen masked men carrying an arsenal of M-16 machine guns and other weapons in the FMLN municipality of Nejapa on February 20.
		On February 28, David Rodríguez, the FMLN legislative candidate in La Paz, was shot but not seriously injured.
	www.americas.org /item_12080 (250 words)

	Green Left - FMLN selects presidential candidates
		She was a member of the Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRTC) and one of the founders of the FMLN in 1980.
		Since 1994, she has been an elected member of the National Assembly, and was joint coordinator of the FMLN from 1995 to 1997.
		The FMLN has attempted to develop a platform based on months of consultation with its grassroots members and all sectors of the social movements.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1998/339/20048 (899 words)

	AllRefer.com - El Salvador - Left-Wing Extremism - Background to the Insurgency \| El Salvadoran Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The FMLN insurgency was rooted in the 1960s when reform- minded groups emerged to challenge the alliance of the right-wing military and the landowning oligarchy.
		The FMLN also reverted to classic guerrilla tactics and increased its use of land mines, which it called "popular armament." In mid-1985 the FMLN, in addition to kidnapping or assassinating numerous military and government officials, began kidnapping and assassinating mayors and burning their offices.
		According to the FMLN high command, the chief purpose of its raid on the army's basic training center in eastern La Union Department in October 1985 was to kill or capture United States soldiers serving there.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/el-salvador/el-salvador130.html (2393 words)

	Chapter VI: El Salvador: Peace Agreements: Library and Links: U.S. Institute of Peace
		Adoption of legislative or other measures needed to guarantee former FMLN combatants the full exercise of their civil and political rights, with a view to their reintegration, within a framework of full legality, into the civil, political, and institutional life of the country.
		Cessation of the armed conflict implies the commitment and the right of FMLN to full political participation, without any restrictions other than those deriving from the new institutional and legal framework established by the agreements reached during the negotiations.
		Legalization of FMLN as a political party, through the adoption of a legislative decree to that end.
	www.usip.org /library/pa/el_salvador/pa_es_01161992_ch6.html (412 words)

	NotiCen: Central American & Caribbean Political & Economic Affairs, including Cuba (formerly EcoCentral); March 16, 2000
		FMLN moves ahead of ARENA in legislative count In the previous mid-term election, the FMLN made important gains in the unicameral congress, winning 27 seats to ARENA's 28 (see EcoCentral, 1997-04-03).
		FMLN coordinator general Fabio Castillo called the move a "political error." He and some political observers such as Alberto Arene suggested the administration's handling of the strike would cost ARENA votes.
		FMLN leaders said ARENA was distorting their economic proposals and waging a dirty campaign in the media by starting rumors of FMLN-sponsored political kidnappings and arms caches.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/claea/h00/claea.20000316.html (2231 words)

	Roush \| El Salvador
		The FMLN was represented in the consultative group meeting which met shortly before the signing of the Peace Accords to discuss the Salvadoran government's reconstruction plan.
		The FMLN had not seen the plan prior to the meeting and was not pleased with all aspects of it; however, it agreed to the plan so that the Salvadoran government could ask for donor support.
		The FMLN, which had not been a party to the demobilization planning, refused to allow its people to be dealt with on an individual basis, claiming that it feared for the safety of its sympathizers if the Salvadoran government knew their names.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_5/roush.html (6254 words)

	FMLN Mayor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ortiz, a national leader in the FMLN, addressed the need for reform within the party and its role in promoting positive change in the context of the current political and social climate in El Salvador.
		The discussion turned on the role of new leaders in the FMLN and the party's likely position within Salvadoran politics in the next electoral cycle.
		Ortiz said he intends to turn the attention of the FMLN to what he considers El Salvador's top problem: the extreme poverty that has provoked large numbers of Salvadorans to emigrate to the United States in search of work.
	www.iadialog.org /summaries/oct04/ortiz.asp (281 words)

	Green Left - EL SALVADOR: FMLN resists wave of repression
		A visit to the home of FMLN deputy Blanca Flor Bonilla by police in riot gear and masks, who threatened her safety in front of her children, left the popular organisations fearing the worst from the Saca government’s support for violent repression and death-squad tactics.
		The FMLN is Arena’s major opposition and governs more than half the population at the municipal and state level and has the single biggest number of deputies of any party in the National Assembly.
		The FMLN has pledged to continue to operate as a party of the people and the social movements, committed to peaceful democratic processes and to continued disarmament in El Salvador, especially of the repressive forces of the state.
	www.greenleft.org.au /2006/675/6234 (885 words)

	N A C L A
		The death of longtime FMLN leader Jorge Schafik Handal on January 24 and the massive outpouring of support that followed—an estimated 100,000 people overwhelmed the streets of El Salvador for his funeral—led to a bump in the polls for the FMLN and helped galvanize the left ahead of the elections.
		In 2003, for instance, the FMLN supported a nine-month strike by healthcare workers that ultimately succeeded in blocking the privatization of the country’s public hospitals.
		While the Popular Social Bloc pledged to help the FMLN win more deputies and mayors, other movement activists have taken a different position, seeking to maintain a greater level of autonomy and distancing themselves from the FMLN—even though most of their members are party militants or supporters.
	www.nacla.org /art_display.php?art=2662 (505 words)

	Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN)
		In 1932 Farabundo Marti together with workers and peasants utilised the devastation caused by the volcanic eruption of Izalco to lead an uprising in an attempt to transform Salvadoran society.
		Since 1988 the FMLN increased urban terrorism in the capital.
		The FMLN also receives significant financial support from front groups and sympathetic organizations in the United States and Europe.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/para/fmln.htm (298 words)

	americas.org - FMLN’s Guardado Resigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Neither the “revisionist” nor the “orthodox” group within the FMLN fully supported his candidacy.
		FMLN vice presidential candidate Nidia Díaz, also present at the Guardado press conference, blamed a minority faction within the FMLN for the prevention of consensus within the party.
		The FMLN plans an extraordinary convention May 9 to renew the leadership.
	www.americas.org /item_10964 (114 words)

	FMLN leader dies
		FMLN leaders in New York told WW, "We have lost an important leader today." Emergency memorial services are taking place in New York City on Jan.
		Handel was a tireless liberation leader who in the 1980's helped lead an armed struggle against neo-colonial and imperialist occupation led by the U.S. He was a very good friend of Cuba and a personal friend of Fidel Castro.
		The FMLN has never given up the anti imperialist struggle and much of that was due to Commander Schafik's leadership.
	www.workers.org /2006/world/fmln-0202 (204 words)

	What Is at Risk in El Salvador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Like other terrorists, the FMLN is a direct threat to the lives of Americans, murdering, for example, four off-duty Marines and two U.S. businessmen in an outdoor restaurant in San Salvador in 1985, and forcing the evacuation of Americans from El Salvador last week after FM]LN terrorists seized an American diplomat in San Benito.
		The FMLN's war against this legitimately elected government is a war against the people of El Salvador who chose it.
		The FMLN wants to establish a centralized economic planning system of the type that has produced nothing but poverty and backwardness in Eastern Europe, Nicaragua, the Soviet Union, and other socialist countries where it has been tried.
	www.heritage.org /Research/LatinAmerica/EM256.cfm (956 words)

	americas.org - FMLN Struggles Internally (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The FMLN electoral tribunal refused to reverse the results but annulled elections in seven other municipalities due to apparent fraud.
		In a Central American University poll measuring public support for the parties, ARENA won 17.9 percent; the FMLN, 14.9 percent; and the National Coalition Party (PCN), 1.2 percent.
		The UCA wrote that the FMLN elections were disastrous for the party’s image.
	www.americas.org /item_10376 (265 words)

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