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Topic: FORTRAN IV

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Fortran programming language

FORTRAN II

FORTRAN IV

FORTRAN II programming language

FORTRAN 66

pre FORTRAN language

High Performance FORTRAN

9548 Fortran

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	Fortran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fortran III was designed in 1958, allowing for inline assembler code; but it was never released because the portability concept of a high-level language would be lost.
		Fortran 90 was a major revision, adding free source form, dynamic memory allocation, array operations, abstract data types, operator overloading, pointers, and modules to group related procedures and data together.
		Fortran 95 was a minor revision, adding features for parallel programming from the High Performance Fortran dialect, such as user-defined pure and elemental functions, and the forall construct.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fortran (1554 words)

	Fortran programming language
		FORTRAN was developed in the 1950-s by a team of IBM programmers and released in 1957.
		FORTRAN knew an implicit typing, that means that variable names beginning with I, J, K, L, M, N were always integer and the rest were reals.
		FORTRAN was developed by an IBM team lead by John W. Backus (see picture) and staffed with programmers like Sheldon F. Best, Harlan Herrick, Peter Sheridan, Roy Nutt, Robert Nelson, Irving Ziller, Richard Goldberg, Lois Haibt and David Sayre.
	www.thocp.net /software/languages/fortran.htm (581 words)

	Saugus.net: ForTran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		FORTRAN stands for formula translation and is the oldest computer language in the world.
		Its primary drawbacks are portability and ease-of-use -- often different FORTRAN compilers on different platforms behave quite differently in spite of standardization efforts in 1966 (FORTRAN 66 or FORTRAN IV), 1978 (FORTRAN 77), and 1991 (FORTRAN 90).
		It is somewhat amusing to note that when FORTRAN was first released back in 1958 its advocates thought that it would mean the end of software bugs.
	www.saugus.net /Computer/Terms/ForTran/view (127 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A fully automated solution was sought because Fortran based applications with half a million lines plus are not unusual, and because we wanted to provide the option that users could continue to maintain their programs using the native Fortran RMS syntax.
		While many old Fortran programs depend on this feature, (which is why it's there in the first place), it can mask uninitialized variable errors as the compiler may have to assume that the variable could have been set on a previous call.
		Fortran 90 removed that last clause for local variables, so that an "initially defined" local variable is implicitly SAVEd, but the catch about redefinition still applies to variables in named COMMON blocks.
	h18000.www1.hp.com /fortran/visual/dvf-news-4.txt (8423 words)

	Center for Fluid Mechanics, Turbulence and Computation, Brown University
		Fortran is one of the oldest programming languages around.
		Unfortunately, Fortran 90 compilers are not yet as capable as their Fortran 77 ancestors and produce less optimized code, but the gap should be closing.
		High Performance Fortran is a superset of Fortran 90 with special constructs to specify a data parallel mode of parallelism.
	www.cfm.brown.edu /tutorials/Fortran.html (1528 words)

	Using the F Programming Language in the Classroom
		I've been teaching a beginning programming course (at a 2 year college) in scientific programming, using the F language, for almost a year.
		Fortran 90 is a huge language, with the possibility that the same procedure could be written a number of different ways (all following slightly different syntax rules).
		I'd decided I wanted to use Fortran because it is still one of the easiest programs to teach, and yet provides the science or engineering student with a skill that will be of immediate usefulness when he or she gets that first job.
	www.fortran.com /F/orange_coast.html (993 words)

	Language Reference - FORTRAN
		FORTRAN is usually credited, Knuth and Pardo in 1977 credit Alick E. Glennie for his Autocode compiler for the Manchester I computer in 1952.
		FORTRAN included many features that were specific to the IBM 704, the first computer on which it was implemented.
		FORTRAN III was shortlived, and FORTRAN IV followed in 1962.
	www.isi.edu /~iko/pl/hw3_fortran.html (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A FORTRAN IV program (there is a simple example at the end of this section) consists of a set of independently compiled program units: each unit is a "routine." A program consists of a main routine and any number of subroutines (similar to simple C programs).
		Fortran IV’s control statements aren't as convenient to use as those of modern languages; they are small in number and not as "high level" or as easy to understand and use.
		Fortran IV simulation of Java's (and C++) while, do..while, and switch (case) statements: Although it may appear that FORTRAN IV's control structures are less powerful than those in modern languages, all the standard loop statements can be simulated in FORTRAN IV, using only the DO, GOTO and IF statements.
	comet.lehman.cuny.edu /phillipse/cmp339/fortran.doc (5917 words)

	Fortran Versions - Charles W. Johnson
		FORTRAN III was a minor revision of FORTRAN II, which allowed the inclusion of inline assembly language code for greater efficiency.
		Fortran 2000 will also be better adapted to the scientific computing niche by adding features to take advantage of parallel architectures, much like HPF.
		High Performance Fortran or HPF is a dialect of Fortran that was developed in 1992 to adapt Fortran 90 to the massively parallel architectures now common in high-end scientific computing.
	www.eskimo.com /~cwj2/kcollege/cs515/fortran/versions.html (659 words)

	The FORTRAN Programming Language
		Prior to the development of FORTRAN computer programmers were required to program in machine/assembly code, which was an extremely difficult and time consuming task, not to mention the dreadful chore of debugging the code.
		Since FORTRAN was so much easier to code, programmers were able to write programs 500% faster than before, while execution efficiency was only reduced by 20%, this allowed them to focus more on the problem solving aspects of a problem, and less on coding.
		FORTRAN was so innovative not only because it was the first high-level language, but also because of it's compiler, which is credited as giving rise to the branch of computer science now known as compiler theory.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/fortran/fortran.html (976 words)

	A brief history of FORTRAN/Fortran
		Fortran won the battle against Assembly language, the first in a series of battles to come, and was adopted by the scientific and military communities and used extensively in the Space Program and military projects.
		FORTRAN II, III, IV and FORTRAN 66 ---------------------------------- FORTRAN II (1958) was a significant improvement, it added the capability for separate compilation of program modules, assembly language modules could also be 'linked loaded' with FORTRAN modules.
		FORTRAN IV (1961) was a 'clean up' of FORTRAN II, improving things like the implementation of the COMMON and EQUIVALENCE statements, and eliminating some machine-dependant language irregularities.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/languages/fortran/ch1-1.html (851 words)

	FORTRAN - Webopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		FORTRAN IV was approved as a USASI standard in 1966.
		FORTRAN 77 is a version of FORTRAN that was approved by ANSI in 1978 (they had expected to approve it in 1977, hence the name).
		FORTRAN 77 includes a number of features not available in older versions of FORTRAN.
	itmanagement.webopedia.com /TERM/F/FORTRAN.html (183 words)

	Programming in FORTRAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1966 the language was standardized and FORTRAN IV was born.
		FORTRAN was designed for scientists and engineers, and has dominated this field.
		For the past 30 years FORTRAN has been used for such projects as the design of bridges and aeroplane structures, it is used for factory automation control, for storm drainage design, analysis of scientific data and so on.
	www.chem.ox.ac.uk /fortran/fortran1.html (191 words)

	[Beowulf] Threaded code (& Fortran) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fortran 90/95 is not your father's Fortran IV.
		Fortran has evolved to include a nice array language and abstract data types, so that C's advantage in handling data structures is reduced.
		Fortran now allows free source form (no column 7-72 limit), recursion, improved I/O, "implicit none" statement, and many other enhancements which deliver faster and more reliable development cycle in scientific computing.
	www.scyld.com /pipermail/beowulf/2004-August/010527.html (339 words)

	C:\BELLBO~1\COMPUT~1\HTMFILES\00000400.HTM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Optimizing compilers, such as FORTRAN IV-PLUS, do better than suggested by this model by eliminating or simplifying operations (for example, by constant expression elimination or moving invariant computations out of loops, and/or by keeping values in registers instead of main memory, especially across loops).
		Yet, when implemented in microcode in a manner comparable with the host PDP- 11 architecture, the performance is close to that achieved by the FORTRAN TV-PLUS compiler and also close to that of an "ideal" model.
		FORTRAN IV-PLUS V2 and the FP11-C were both released in early 1976 with each offering significant performance improvements.
	research.microsoft.com /users/gbell/computer_engineering/00000400.htm (523 words)

	Fortran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		>Fortran (also FORTRAN) is a statically typed, compiled programming language originally developed in the 1950s and still heavily used for scientific computing and numerical computation half a century later.
		One should, however, consider that the features of Fortran have been tuned to scientific and numerical work, and that many of its deficiencies have been addressed in more recent versions.
		For these reasons, Fortran is not often used outside scientific and engineering numerical work, but remains the language of choice for high performance numerical computing.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/F/Fortran.htm (1032 words)

	Fortran FAQ
		FORTRAN is generally the preferred spelling for discussions of versions of the language prior to the current one ("90").
		Building on the well-established strengths of the Fortran family of languages, it is carefully crafted to be both safe and regular, whilst retaining the enormously powerful numerical capabilities of its parent language, Fortran 90, as well as its data abstraction capability.
		I've tracked some of the discussions and it would appear that: a) For the mac, Language Systems Language Systems Corp. 100 Carpenter Drive Sterling, VA 20164 tel: 800-252-6479 (inside US and Canada) 703-478-0181 fax: 703-689-9593 BBS: 703-709-0134 langsys (Applelink) langsys (America Online) langsys@aol.com (Internet) b) For the PC it is harder.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/fortran-faq (10266 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		FORTRAN IV later on (in 1966) came to become the first ANSI standard for FORTRAN, called FORTRAN 66.
		Because of this, the design of the FORTRAN 66 system was naive, and some things had to be adjusted slightly later on.
		Fortran 90 incorporates MANY, MANY changes to Fortran, including support for argument intents, pointers, dynamic memory allocation, and a lot more.
	web.umr.edu /~fortran/docs/fortran_history.html (399 words)

	FORTRAN IV Reference Page
		All FORTRAN programs have the following format: PROGRAM statement variable declarations (optional) executable statements END statement SUBROUTINE or FUNCTION modules (optional) The original FORTRAN programs were prepared on a keypunch machine which punched holes into paper cards which had 80 characters maximum.
		While FORTRAN is very picky about the placement of certain program elements on a card, it is supremely disinterested otherwise.
		FORTRAN stores arrays in column-major order meaning that the earlier subscripts vary most rapidly in the actual stored data.
	www.cs.gordon.edu /local/courses/cs323/FORTRAN/fortran.html (1859 words)

	[No title]
		The arguments passed from the FORTRAN level do not have to be picked up all at once at the start of the calculation (3-word) portion of the program.
		The number of blocks required for a FORTRAN IV record depends, therefore, upon the number of variables in the I/O list, and may be minimized by supplying every direct access WRITE with sufficient data to nearly fill an integral number of blocks without overflowing the last block.
		However, FORTRAN I/O unit 0, which is not defined by the ANSI standard, may be specified for terminal I/O via the internal console terminal handler.
	www.dbit.com /pub/pdp8/doc/fivssm.doc (12446 words)

	Fortran
		Although in popular lore there are various Fortran dialects, such as the ancient Fortran-IV , which was then followed by Fortran-66 and Fortran-77 , to be eventually superseded by Fortran-8x (which never materialised), and, at long last by Fortran-90 and, more recently, by Fortran-95 , officially there is only one Fortran, the ANSI Fortran .
		Fortran also allows us to specify any precision we may wish for, within certain limits.
		High Performance Fortran, which is closely related to ANSI Fortran provides the easiest way to write parallel programs.
	beige.ucs.indiana.edu /P573/node37.html (1336 words)

	The historical development of Fortran
		The purpose of this is to show how Fortran has been developed from a cryptical, almost machine-dependent language, into a modern structured high-level programming language.
		The notation Fortran 66 started to be used in 1978, previously it was just called Standard FORTRAN or the IBM-notation FORTRAN IV was used also by other vendors.
		The new language F has been developed as a possible replacement of Pascal at the teaching of programming, but at the same it is a pure subset of Fortran 90 and Fortran 95.
	www.nsc.liu.se /~boein/f77to90/a7.html (1146 words)

	dBforums - Is there any point to learning Fortran IV?
		More than a decade ago I learned Fortran IV as part of a science degree.
		I've forgotten it all since then as I haven't programmed anything since.
		The current version of Fortran is Fortran 95.
	www.dbforums.com /t531531.html (1188 words)

	Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal
		I've long ago lost my dog-eared photocopy, but I believe this was written (and is copyright) by Ed Post, Tektronix, Wilsonville OR USA.
		With a combination of large ground-based Fortran programs and small spacecraft-based assembly language programs, they are able to do incredible feats of navigation and improvisation-- hitting ten-kilometer wide windows at Saturn after six years in space, repairing or bypassing damaged sensor platforms, radios, and batteries.
		Oh sure, some computer vendors have come out with Fortran 77 compilers, but every one of them has a way of converting itself back into a Fortran 66 compiler at the drop of an option card-- to compile DO loops like God meant them to be.
	www.pbm.com /~lindahl/real.programmers.html (3430 words)

	C:\BELLBO~1\COMPUT~1\HTMFILES\00000399.HTM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The performance improvements of the Phase 2 system with its extended virtual machine were obtained with a design, development, and testing effort of about three man-months.
		Since the analysis is a comparison of different FORTRAN implementations for a given machine, the basic execution times are assumed to be the same and neglected.
		For these statements, the size and memory cycles are easily determined by examination of the code generated by FORTRAN and FORTRAN IV-PLUS, respectively.
	research.microsoft.com /users/GBell/Computer_Engineering/00000399.htm (360 words)

	Computers & Geosciences Vol. 7 - Citations and links to programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		TI: A FORTRAN IV computer program for evaluating temperatures and oxygen fugacities from the compositions of coexisting iron-titanium oxides.
		TI: APL and FORTRAN programs for a new equation of state for H2 O, CO2 and their mixtures at supercritical conditions.
		TI: SOILTD; a FORTRAN subroutine to plot soil textural data on a triangular diagram using an X-Y plotter.
	www.iamg.org /CGEditor/cg1981.htm (854 words)

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