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Topic: FP programming language

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APL programming language

Kenneth Iverson

	Open Directory - Computers:Programming:Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Data structured languages are those in which the data structure is a main organizing principle, knowledge representation, model, for data and logic (code, programs) alike, in which both are stored and operated on, i.e., program data and logic are structured and operated on in the same way.
		This category is for programming languages which were created, and have as a main or major purpose, to educate and teach about language concepts, design, programming, and/or larger, more general system issues; and/or support other types of education (networking, math, physics); languages existing solely or in large part, to educate.
		Turing is a young, compiled programming language optimized for teaching programming to beginners, often as an alternative to Pascal, and used in high schools and universities across North America.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/desc.html (9527 words)

	[No title]
		The programming language fp uses a strict evaluation rule that if any argument to a function is an error, or "undefined", then the result of the function must be undefined.
		Below is part of the abstract syntax of a programming language (the syntax of expressions is not shown).
		A variety of formal techniques are used to describe the semantics of programming languages, such as operational, assertional, and denotational.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /phd/qualExams/96spring/plang.html (977 words)

	The Kvikkalkul Programming Language
		Program pointers cannot be used as ordinary operands in assignment statements and such.
		PROGRAM AND DATA LABELS Data areas and program pointer storage areas are denoted by numeric labels in the range 0--32767.
		It's still a language without letters and the smiley notation for operators in still in use, though for source text the angle brackets may be used instead of parentheses and + and = are valid substitutes for the -/- and :: operators.
	kuoi.asui.uidaho.edu /~kamikaze/doc/kvik.html (2680 words)

	John Backus
		Programming the SSEC was also a challenge, as there was no set way of doing it.
		The program was the first to include a scaling factor, which allowed both large and small numbers to be easily stored and manipulated.
		However, the inefficient computer programs of the time would hamper the 704’s performance, and Backus wanted to design not only a better language, but one that would be easier and faster for programmers to use when working with the machine.
	www.thocp.net /biographies/backus_john.htm (1136 words)

	ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14 N794
		A program that is correct in all other aspects, operating on correct data, containing unspecified behavior shall be a correct program and act in accordance with subclause 5.1.2.3.
		The program fragment 1Ex is parsed as a preprocessing number token (one that is not a valid floating or integer constant token), even though a parse as the pair of preprocessing tokens 1 and Ex might produce a valid expression (for example, if Ex were a macro defined as +1).
		Similarly, the program fragment 1E1 is parsed as a preprocessing number (one that is a valid floating constant token), whether or not E is a macro name.
	www.vmunix.com /~gabor/c/draft.html (11367 words)

	XML.com: Functional Programming and XML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		XSLT is more or less the transformation language of DSSSL, in an XML syntax, which is a proper subset of DSSSL which, itself, is a purely functional subset of the Scheme programming language (plus a large library).
		FP languages allow you to manipulate functions in arbitrary ways: building them, combining, them, passing them around, storing them in data structures, and so on.
		The other Big Thing about FP is that it tends to be the subject of quite a bit of academic research, to the point that FP, in general, tends to be dismissed as ivory tower nose blowing.
	www.xml.com /pub/a/2001/02/14/functional.html (1112 words)

	Programming Language Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The idea is that we are going to be looking at features from various computer languages (mostly Lispish ones), showing how they aid programming, and show how to use those ideas in languages that don't necessarily have direct support for them.
		I also had originally scheduled a class for packaging state (encapsulation) and interface programming (inheritance), but figured that that's something most people will probably already have exposure to, although maybe not as orthogonal subjects to each other (they are usually tought as basically the same thing).
		To say, "this is a great feature, but you have to totally change programming environments and rewrite your code in language X to use it" makes it completely pointless to most people.
	www.advogato.org /article/632.html (2748 words)

	FAQ for comp.lang.functional
		Comp.lang.functional is an unmoderated usenet newsgroup for the discussion of all aspects of functional programming languages, including their design, application, theoretical foundation, and implementation.
		Mercury is a logic/functional programming language, which combines the clarity and expressiveness of declarative programming with advanced static analysis and error detection facilities.
		Sisal (Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language) is a functional language designed with several goals in mind: to support clear, efficient expression of scientific programs; to free application programmers from details irrelevant to their endeavors; and, to allow automatic detection and exploitation of the parallelism expressed in source programs.
	www.cs.nott.ac.uk /~gmh/faq.html (5780 words)

	FP programming language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		FP programming language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		FP (short for Function Programming) is a ((computer science) a language designed for programming computers) programming language created by (additional info and facts about John Backus) John Backus to support the (additional info and facts about Function-level programming) Function-level programming paradigm.
		The values that FP programs map into one another comprise a (A group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used) set which is (additional info and facts about closed) closed under sequence formation:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fp/fp_programming_language1.htm (357 words)

	Lambda the Ultimate \| Programming Languages Weblog
		The rules: The code must be beautiful and it must be programming language related (and no, being written in a programming language isn't enough).
		If a program is a solution to a problem then knowing that it terminates for any input is an important aspect of it being a solution.
		The programming language Epigram is an example of an experimental language which is intended to be terminating (even though not all conditions are enforced in the current version), see http://www.e-pig.org/ for more information.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org (1627 words)

	The Limbo Programming Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A quick glance at the program reveals that the syntax of Limbo is influenced by C in its expressions, statements, and some conventions (for example, look at lines 13-14), and also by Pascal and its successors (the declarations on lines 4, 6, 9).
		The scope of an identifier is the lexical range of a program throughout which the identifier means a particular type of, or instance of, an object.
		Programming cleanliness suggests that its declaration be moved inside, but here that won't work; device control files in Inferno retain settings like `raw mode' only while they remain open.
	www.vitanuova.com /inferno/papers/limbo.html (12313 words)

	Information and Computation Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In particular, we consider whether a number of variants of FP are fully abstract and expressively complete.
		For example, we show that a version of FP with only one-sided sequences behave similarly to PCF in that the addition of parallel or is sufficient to make it fully abstract.
		However, the addition of parallel or to FP (with its two-sided infinite sequences) is not sufficient to achieve full abstraction.
	theory.lcs.mit.edu /~iandc/References/halpernw1995:246.html (145 words)

	FP programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		FP (short for Function Programming) is a programming language created by John Backus to support the Function-level programming paradigm.
		This allows for the elimination of named variables.
		Functions are either primitive (i.e., provided with the FP environment) or are built from the primitives by program-forming operations (also called functionals).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/FP_programming_language (322 words)

	file:///C:/courses/c403/lisp.txt
		This was fortunate, because the S-expr form allows LISP programs to be easily manipulated as data by other LISP programs, which fit with the needs of AI programming.
		Imperative vs. applicative languages - imperative - changeable memory, control is routed among assignment stmts applicative - functions applied to arguments produce a result; no variables needed in a pure applicative lang because the argument isn't changed.
		Goals - operate on data structures as a whole (as in APL) manipulate and prove programs algebraically eliminate variable and formal parameters - use functionals He also defines the FP functional programming language.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~bmurrill/courses/csc403/lisp.htm (2281 words)

	Business Software Review : Article 'Programming language' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer.
		A fifth-generation programming language is a programming language based around solving problems using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer.
		The main difference between fourth-generation programming languages and fifth-generation languages is fourth-generation languages are designed to build specific programs while fifth generation languages are designed to make the computer solve the problem for you.
	www.business-software-review.org /DisplayArticle47935.html (891 words)

	The Computer Language Shootout Benchmarks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Compare programming language performance on a few dozen flawed benchmarks and contribute faster more-elegant programs.
		We detail program compiler options and runtime options, and program source code and benchmarks and program output; and each language implementation version; and the measurement hardware and OS and measurement methods.
		Will you notice that on some benchmarks there are programs 500x slower than the fastest, on others the range is only 10x, and on others the range is only 2x?
	shootout.alioth.debian.org (200 words)

	Ketchikan Custom Business Software Development Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In most AOP languages, an aspect is comprised of one or more advice, which are code snippets (like methods), and a list of join points, which are points in the main program onto which the advice should be weaved.
		Such an expressive language allows developers to provide a broad specification that will automatically be used to enhance (by code weaving) existing as well as future classes.
		AspectJ is the most popular AOP language and it is an extension to Java programming language and developed at Xerox PARC by Chris Maeda, who originally coined the term "aspect-oriented programming" (no one remembers exactly when).
	www.1stcustomsoftware.com /states/alaska/software-ketchikan-alaska.php (2470 words)

	Abstracts of Joseph Y. Halpern's Publications
		For a wide class of programming languages P and expressive interpretations I, it is shown that there exist sound and relatively complete Hoare logics for both partial correctness and termination assertions.
		Since total-correctness assertions coincide with termination assertions for deterministic programming languages, this last result unexpectedly suggests that good axiom systems for total correctness may exist for a wider spectrum of languages than is the case for partial correctness.
		For such languages, it is important to be able to determine that there are enough rules to be able to compute the correct meaning of all expressions, but not so many that the system of rules is inconsistent.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /home/halpern/abstract.html (17982 words)

	Needle, An Object-Oriented Functional Language
		It is basically the language that I wish I could program in.
		In a conventional OO language, methods can do dynamic dispatch on the first argument -- the receiver or self argument.
		I gave a presentation for the LL2 language design workshop explaining why Needle is necessary.
	www.nongnu.org /needle (454 words)

	Mfx' Trash Heap: Languages
		I hope to design EL such that, after having studied it for one day (this might have to be extended to 1 weekend), a reasonably well- educated European should be able to read it without too much recourse to a dictionary.
		Both the language and the model have been substantially revised since these where written, so use them to get the flavour of what we're doing but don't rely on the details.
		I guess I should also warn you that UFO is not a pure functional language (by any of the definitions of pure I've seen here) although a statically identified subset of it is. We handle explicit state in an actor-like style.
	mfx.dasburo.com /t/languages.html (1221 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An Introduction to Programming Languages - A page for people who know one language and are wondering about learning another.
		Lambda the Ultimate - Programming Languages Weblog with news and discussion.
		The Retrocomputing Museum - Dedicated to programs that induce sensations that hover somewhere between nostalgia and nausea.The freaks, jokes, and fossils of computing history.
	www.dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages (124 words)

	The Hume Language: Home Page
		Hume aims to extend the frontiers of language design for resource-limited systems, including real-time embedded and safety-critical systems, by introducing new levels of abstraction and provability.
		Please note that as the language is still under design, this report may be incomplete or even incorrect in places.
		The Hume interpreter, documentatation and sample programs are now available for download.
	www-fp.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /hume (177 words)

	Hume Programming Language \| Lambda the Ultimate
		Stumbled across the Hume Programming Language while looking for some ML info.
		Hume provides a number of high level features including higher-order functions, polymorphic types, arbitrary but sized user-defined data structures, asynchronous processes, lightweight exception handling, automatic memory management and domain-specific metaprogramming features, whilst seeking to guarantee strong space/time behaviour and maintaining overall determinacy.
		The Hume people are trying to address this by limiting the available operations without sacrificing higher order programming.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/434 (325 words)

	Pointers to Language Information
		%I Prentice-Hall %D 1993 %K Erlang, text, book, parallel, concurrent, asynchronous message passing, functional, applicative, FP, programming language definition, PLD, www, HREF, FTP %X isbn: 0-13-285792-8 Erlang info %A R. Griswold %A M. Griswold %T The Icon Programming Language.
		%I Prentice-Hall %D 1990 %K Icon, programming language definition, PLD, text book, goal oriented, coroutine coexpression generator, SL5, www, HREF, FTP %X 2nd edn published 1990 ftp: cs.arizona.edu see books and articles on Icon and SL5 %A N. Wirth %T The Programming Language Oberon.
		%J SPE %V 18 %N 7 %P 671-690 %M JUL %D 1988 %K Oberon, programming language definition, PLD, operating system, www, HREF, FTP %X ftp: neptune.inf.ethz.ch see book by Wirth and Gutknecht '92 via: the programming language list %A R. Griswold %A J. Poage %A I. Polonsky %T The Snobol 4 Programming Language.
	www.csci.csusb.edu /dick/samples/other.pls.html (443 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Function points try to give a weight to these functionality measures.
		Each Function point (FP) is individually assessed for complexity and given a weight.¡Ò’ " Òó¨Function points¡¨WEX.
		¡’’ " ’ó!¡ª ¨!Function Points are Controversial¡""0ó"¨Function Points Controversy¡¨íPro: FP is programming language independent making it ideal for applications using conventional and non-procedural languages based on data more likely to be known early in the evolution of the project attractive as an estimation approach¡
	www.cs.buffalo.edu /~kershner/cse4-542/Metrics.ppt (191 words)

	[No title]
		.IP.tl 'Unix Programming \- Second Edition ''PS2:3'.QP Describes the programming interface to the UNIX version 7 operating system and the standard I/O library.
		Should be supplemented by Kernighan and Pike, ``The UNIX Programming Environment'', Prentice-Hall, 1984 and especially by the Programmer Reference Manual section 2 (system calls) and 3 (library routines).
		.SH Other Languages.IP.tl 'The Programming Language EFL''PS2:6'.QP An introduction to a powerful FORTRAN preprocessor providing access to a language with structures much like C..tl 'Berkeley FP User\'s Manual''PS2:7'.QP A description of the Berkeley implementation of Backus' Functional Programming Language, FP.
	www.mit.edu /afs/athena/system/usrdoc/ps2/00.contents (308 words)

	Sample: My Computer Languages Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Some useful places to start a search for information on computer languages.
		(ici): Quote: "ICI is a C-like, high level language originally developed by Tim Long and placed into the public domain.
		(BCPL): Basic CPL, parent of B, and so gradparent of C etc. A language where all data is 16 bits and that used a dot where C/C++ uses an asterisk.
	www.csci.csusb.edu /dick/languages.html (507 words)

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