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Topic: FSLN

	Encyclopedia: FSLN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The FSLN remains the country's leading political opposition to the current governing Liberal Constitutionalist Party (PLC).
		The FSLN was formally organized on July 23, 1961 by Carlos Fonseca Amador, Tomás Borge Martínez and Silvio Mayorga.
		In the 1970s, it began to attract significant support from the country's increasingly politicized peasantry and from other sectors of the population in response to the dictatorship's brutality and corruption, especially after the earthquake that leveled Nicaragua's capital city of Managua on 23 December 1972.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/FSLN (2773 words)

	Sandinista National Liberation Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The FSLN was formally organised on July 23, 1961 by Carlos Fonseca Amador, Tomás Borge Martínez and Silvio Mayorga.
		Daniel Ortega and Sergio Ramírez were elected president and vice-president, and the FSLN won 61 out of 90 seats in the new National Assembly, having taken 63 per cent of the vote on a turnout of 74%.
		The flag of the FSLN consists of an upper half in red, the lower half in fl and the letters F S L N in white.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandinista (3474 words)

	Revolution in Nicaragua
		Nevertheless, in 1984, Ortega and the FSLN won the presidential election with 67 percent of the vote, closely monitored by international observers.
		FSLN leaders couldn’t escape the centrality of class divisions in the "revolutionary alliance"--the fact that workers and "nationalist" employers had contradictory interests.
		The tragedy is that FSLN’s policies of accommodating to capital all but guaranteed defeat--and for many leftists in Latin America, the experience has discredited the very idea of revolution.
	www.socialistworker.org /2004-2/506/506_08_Nicaragua.shtml (1123 words)

	Carlos Fonseca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 1964 and 1966, the FSLN "concentrated on educational work and community organizing," creating literacy classes and campaigning to bring resources to working class neighborhoods in Managua.
		While Fonseca continued hold the top leadership position in the FSLN, he was out of the country for much of the mid-1960s period, having fled to Mexico and then Costa Rica.
		Fonseca, along with a few other FSLN leaders were "committed to the idea of including women," however, some of the other fighters were not comfortable fighting alongside women.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carlos_Fonseca (1034 words)

	The Citizen's Press : An Examination of FSLN Reformism in Nicaragua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The FSLN was committed to eliminating the unjust working conditions and a labour code was implemented guaranteeing: an 8 hour workday, protection of children and the elderly, a sustainable income for all workers and respect for worker dignity.
		In the face of this struggle people’s support for the FSLN remained strong and in the 1984 election Daniel Ortega (FSLN) was re-elected as president of the country.
		The FSLN implemented a series of progressive reforms in the areas of health, education, political rights and land in effort to improve the quality of life among the rural and urban poor.
	www.citizenspress.org /tiki-read_article.php?articleId=19 (3339 words)

	June 1999: Nicaragua: FSLN continues on self-destructive course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Dissident factions within the FSLN openly voiced their harsh criticisms of the FSLN leadership, especially its general secretary Daniel Ortega, while Ortega and his followers made every effort to quash voices of dissent.
		FSLN critics say the intention is to institutionalize a two-party system by changing the rules in order to eliminate the smaller parties.
		The FSLN emerged from the Assembly with a decision not to attend the Stockholm meeting of donor countries set up to consider plans for financing the reconstruction of the region in the aftermath of the hurricane (see article in this issue).
	www.rtfcam.org /report/volume_19/No_3/article11.htm (1799 words)

	TRANSCEND articles: The Rise and Fall of FSLN
		The FSLN’s principal founder, Carlos Fonseca Amador, had wisely and purposefully injected the legacy of Sandino to broaden the Front’s appeal and to underscore the importance of nationalism and anti-imperialism.
		The FSLN also stumbled in its handling of the legal opposition political parties and media, small-scale farmers, the Church hierarchy and the Miskito indigenous population.
		Despite all this, the FSLN urged teachers and health workers to rein in their demands and keep off the streets, so they would not upset the government’s 2003 negotiations with the IMF and the World Bank.
	www.transcend.org /t_database/printarticle.php?ida=418 (3328 words)

	FSLN Shut Out of National Assembly Leadership
		The FSLN bench in the National Assembly walked out moments before a new directorate was elected that returned Aleman supporters to leadership roles and shut out the FSLN entirely.
		Not only is the FSLN frozen out of the leadership, but Bolaqos will have an even more difficult time moving his legislative agenda which in the past he has done with the help of the FSLN against PLC opposition.
		FSLN General Secretary Daniel Ortega related the accords to the infamous Espino Negro agreement of 1927 when Liberal and Conservative forces made a pact with the US military in Nicaragua at that time, a pact that led Augusto C. Sandino to undertake the guerrilla struggle.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/47/409.html (1090 words)

	The Institute of World Politics > News & Publication > Tropical Chekists: The Sandinista secret police legacy in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Consequently, a September 1979 FSLN blueprint, aimed at creating the region’s largest standing army and an even larger militia, called for a “purge [of] the army at all levels, eliminating those elements who are incompatible with revolutionary measures,” followed by a massive military buildup, conscription, and mobilization under strict party control.
		The FSLN was caught in a dilemma of running a police state while allowing at least the appearance of pluralism, in order to continue attracting Canadian and European support.
		FSLN leader Daniel Ortega threatened against such talk and challenged, “Colonel Cerna comes from the Sandinista fight and was an essential part of the government that I presided over.
	www.iwp.edu /news/newsID.126/news_detail.asp (10298 words)

	FSLN and the Guerrillas
		The FSLN guerrillas launched a series of attacks throughout the country, but the better-equipped National Guard was able to maintain military superiority.
		Although the FSLN was not represented in the FAO, the participation of Los Doce in the FAO assured a connection between the FSLN and other opposition groups.
		In December 1978, the FSLN was further strengthened when Cuban mediation led to an agreement among the three FSLN factions for a united Sandinista front.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/nicaragua1.htm (2085 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Named for César Augusto Sandino, a hero of Nicaraguan resistance to U.S. military occupation (1927–33), the FSLN was founded in 1962 by Carlos Fonseca Amador, Silvio Mayorga, and Tomás Borge Martínez as a revolutionary group committed to socialism and to the overthrow of the Somoza family.
		Fonseca and Mayorga were killed, and the FSLN split into three tendencias, or factions, that differed over whether the group should organize revolutionary cells only in the cities, continue to gradually accumulate support throughout the country, or coalesce with other political groups in the growing rebellion.
		In 1984 the FSLN won more than 60 of 96 seats in a new National Assembly and sent Daniel Ortega to the presidency in an election that was widely criticized for its lack of safeguards for opposition parties.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9065474 (572 words)

	NDI - National Democratic Institute
		On August 22, 1979, the FSLN ruling junta proclaimed the Fundamental Statute of the Republic of Nicaragua which abolished the constitution, presidency, Congress, and all courts.
		Convinced that the FSLN government, assisted by Cuba and the Soviet Union, was a communist threat to Central America, the Reagan administration mobilized and unified the Nicaraguan opposition.
		Although the government held a presidential election in 1984 at the opposition's request, FSLN candidate Daniel Ortega won the election amidst opposition cries that the election was not fair.
	www.ndi.org /globalp/civmil/programscm/nicaragua/nicaraguacm_1992_97.asp (3086 words)

	Strengthening Democracy Or Illusion? — An Observer's Notes From the Nicaraguan Elections of 2001
		The causal mechanisms behind such a big FSLN defeat and consequent PLC victory (PLC 56.31%, FSLN 42.28% and Conservatives 1.41% in the presidential/vice-presidential vote as of 9/11/01) have their roots in the history and the culture of the country, some of it recent and some of it going back for hundreds of years.
		The FSLN were responsible for forcing a system of co-operativization on the rural zones which was unpopular amongst the majority of campesinos who wanted their own land, not to work on state lands.
		Both parties, PLC and FSLN made a calculation with the Electoral Law of 1999 that the smaller the electoral roll, the better the advantage to themselves; and in the instance of the municipal elections the FSLN got it right.
	www.yachana.org /reports/nica2001/cloke.html (3586 words)

	Nicaragua Sandinista Guerrilla Movement, 1961-79 - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		The FSLN was officially founded in Honduras on the symbolic date of July 26, 1961, the eighth anniversary of the launching of the Cuban revolution by Fidel Castro Ruz.
		For many observers, the FSLN first became a force to be reckoned with when it executed a spectacular raid and hostagetaking at a reception for the United States ambassador in Managua in December 1974 (see The End of the Anastasio Somoza Debayle Era, ch.
		The FSLN no longer was fighting alone but rather was organizing and controlling a national insurrection of citizens eager to join the anti-Somoza movement.
	www.photius.com /countries/nicaragua/national_security/nicaragua_national_security_sandinista_guerrilla~10088.html (417 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; January 26, 1996
		FSLN general secretary Daniel Ortega began plumbing for MRS support for his coming presidential campaign last July but was flatly rejected by Ramirez, who is also a presidential candidate (see NotiSur, 07/28/95).
		The results excluded the MRS from leadership positions and indicated that the FSLN had formed a strong alliance with government and pro-government forces that was rapidly undermining the advantageous position the MRS had occupied in the Assembly during the previous session.
		In the 1995 session following the breakup of the FSLN and the loss of a majority of its Assembly seats to the MRS, the FSLN was frozen out of the Assembly's executive committee and other important legislative committees, greatly reducing the party's ability to press its legislative agenda.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h96/notisur.19960126.html (4743 words)

	The End of Sandinista `Third Road' - Nicaraguan Revolution in Retreat
		But the FSLN's narrow nationalist vision of harmonious class collaboration within the artificial borders of the Nicaraguan mini-state, and its illusions in the possibility of peaceful coexistence with the viciously repressive regimes of the region, is both short-sighted and profoundly anti-revolutionary.
		The petty-bourgeois bonapartists of the FSLN place their faith in the goodwill of the bourgeois regimes of Latin America, not in the capacity for struggle of the masses.
		The FSLN is not a blank sheet of paper; it has its own history from which it cannot be easily detached, and while it could conceivably be forced to veer further to the left than it intends, it will not be transformed into a conscious Marxist leadership.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no5/no05nic.html (3625 words)

	RIC Query - Nicaragua (25 October 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The FSLN installed a Governing Council of National Reconstruction (JGRN, Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional) which nominally governed until elections were held in November 1984.
		Though neither the PLC nor FSLN held a majority of deputies in the National Assembly, their combined votes were enough to pass constitutional amendments.
		Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional): A populist left-wing party, born of the guerrilla movement that toppled the dictatorship of Anastazio Somoza Debayle in 1979.
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/NIC02001.htm (3121 words)

	Trotskyist Bulletin No.4
		The FSLN has modified some of its previous positions, agreeing to lift the state of emergency imposed in 1982, expedite the application of a wide ranging amnesty for its opponents, and hold cease-fire talks with the contras.
		While moving slowly, the FSLN has sought to enact major reforms in the interests of the workers and peasants.
		The FSLN is perfectly correct to respond to this desire and bend over backwards in an attempt to facilitate peace.
	www.bolshevik.org /TB/no4/tb4_03.htm (931 words)

	americas.org - U.S. Ties FSLN To ‘Terror’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		FSLN officials said they knew nothing about this report.
		Almost immediately after the September 11 attacks, Nicaraguan President Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo suggested that FSLN general secretary Daniel Ortega Saavedra, who was president during the 1980s, was connected to terrorism through his association with Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi.
		Ortega is the FSLN presidential candidate for November 4 national elections; he is locked in a tight race with former Vice President Enrique Bolaños of Alemán’s rightwing Liberal Constitutionalist Party (PLC).
	www.americas.org /item_7224 (298 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The FSLN sent a letter to USAID director Brian Atwood on Nov. 2 charging that at least one agent had openly expressed opinions and made proposals to influence local authorities of the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE), which is responsible for overseeing the entire electoral process.
		The FSLN letter recounts all the anomalies in the election process, including problems with the voter identification documents and the distribution of ballots, as well as the appearance after the elections of boxes of marked ballots in the homes of members of the rightwing Liberal Alliance, the party of the self-declared presidential winner, Arnoldo Aleman.
		Last week the FSLN formally petitioned the CSE to void the elections in Managua, since the results in more than half the polling stations in that department were questionable and, according to the FSLN, were not resolved by a recount.
	www.uidaho.edu /student_organizations/cca/vote.htm (557 words)

	Nicaragua The Rise of the FSLN - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Founded by José Carlos Fonseca Amador, Silvio Mayorga, and Tomás Borge Martínez, the FSLN began in the late 1950s as a group of student activists at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua--UNAN) in Managua.
		On December 27, 1974, a group of FSLN guerrillas seized the home of a former government official and took as hostages a handful of leading Nicaraguan officials, many of whom were Somoza relatives.
		In late 1975, the repressive campaign of the National Guard and the growth of the group caused the FSLN to split into three factions.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/nicaragua/nicaragua_history_the_rise_of_the_fsln.html (599 words)

	CPJ News Alert 2004
		Guadamuz, a former high-ranking member of the opposition Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) party, was imprisoned in the late 1960s for opposing Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza.
		During his imprisonment, Guadamuz shared a prison cell with friend and FSLN leader Daniel Ortega, with whom he had a highly publicized falling-out in the late ‘90s.
		A controversial journalist and a former FSLN candidate for mayor of Managua, Guadamuz used to be manager and part owner of popular pro-FSLN radio station Radio Ya, from which he was removed in 1999 because of a lawsuit believed by many to be instigated by Ortega.
	www.cpj.org /news/2004/Nica11feb04na.html (430 words)

	Good (continued) to Grab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		FSLN 11.225 11 Nobody doubts that there were good and plausible things to be said on the part of the South.
		FSLN 11.227 27...the decision of Webster [for the Fugitive Slave Law] was accompanied with everything offensive to freedom and good morals.
		FSLN 11.237 14...a man cannot steal without incurring the penalties of the thief...though there be a general conspiracy among scholars and official persons...to say, Nothing is good but stealing.
	www.walden.org /institute/thoreau/about2/E/Emerson_Ralph_Waldo/Concordance/GOOD-GRAB.HTM (20835 words)

	FSLN Candidates Win District Elections in Nicaragua - Prensa Latina
		Managua, Nov 8 (Prensa Latina) Candidates of the Sandinist National Liberation Front FSLN have virtually won the district elections in Nicaragua on Sunday, according to the Supreme Electoral Council CSE.
		The first official report early Monday showed that the candidates to mayor, deputy mayors and city councilors of FSLN and its allies in Convergencia Nacional received the support of 45.62 percent of voters.
		FSLN general secretary Daniel Ortega said that the Nicaraguan people voted in favor of those who fight the neo-liberalism and corruption.
	www.plenglish.com.mx /article.asp?ID={F4D1E007-2C93-4BEC-BA74-64002894189E}&language=EN (348 words)

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