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Plasmid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Plasmids that exist only as one or a few copies in each bacterium are, upon cell division, in danger of being lost in one of the segregating bacteria. Daughter cells that retain a copy of the plasmid survive, while a daughter cell that fails to inherit the plasmid dies or suffers a reduced growth-rate because of the lingering poison from the parent cell. Plasmids are (typically) circular double-stranded DNA molecules separate from the chromosomal DNA (Fig. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plasmid   (1365 words)

The 2 micron plasmid purloins the yeast cohesin complex: a mechanism for coupling plasmid partitioning and chromosome segregation? -- Mehta et al. 158 (4): 625 -- The Journal of Cell Biology The tandem missegregation of the 2 micron plasmid with the chromosomes The tandem missegregation of chromosomes and the 2 micron plasmid cause the plasmid to missegregate in tandem with the chromosomes. www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/158/4/625   (7275 words)

Xanthomonas Plasmid Pages Plasmid DNAs were transferred from agarose gels to nitrocellulose membranes by the method of Southern as described by Maniatis et al [113] and hybridized against radioactively-labeled DNA probes. Plasmid DNAs from strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Plasmid DNAs from strains of Xanthomonas campestris pvs. wheat.pw.usda.gov /~lazo/docs/xmal/plasmids.html   (3407 words)

Dorlands Medical Dictionary R plasmids are large with two functionally distinct parts: a resistance transfer factor (RTF), consisting of genes for autonomous replication and conjugation; and a resistance determinant (R determinant) containing the genes for resistance (R genes); called also R factor. Plasmids consist of cyclic double-stranded DNA molecules, replicating independently of the chromosomes and transmitting through successive cell divisions genes specifying such functions as antibiotic resistance (R plasmid); conjugation (F plasmid); the production of enzymes, toxins, and antigens; and the metabolism of sugars and other organic compounds. a plasmid that is transferred from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation. www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_p_23zPzhtm   (4287 words)

Plasmid.org Plasmids can be used in recombinant DNA experiments to clone genes from other organisms and make large quantities of their DNA. Plasmid is a structure in cells consisting of DNA that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosomes. Plasmids are often used in genetic engineering as cloning vectors. www.plasmid.org   (360 words)

Plasmid Insertion Process by which a plasmid is used to import recombinant DNA into a host cell for cloning. The plasmid is opened up and the gene is freed from its parent DNA strand. They have complementary "sticky ends." The opened plasmid and the freed gene are mixed with DNA ligase, which reforms the two pieces as recombinant DNA. www.accessexcellence.org /AB/GG/plasmid.html   (217 words)

plasmid.txt Plasmid DNA vaccines which are intended for use as preventive vaccines and therapeutic vaccines for infectious diseases should be submitted to the Office of Vaccines Research and Review (OVRR) where primary review responsibility is assigned. For those DNA plasmid vaccine constructs that co-express cytokine genes, specific preclinical studies should be considered to assess whether modulation of the cellular or humoral components of the immune system might result in unintended adverse consequences, such as generalized immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, autoimmunity or other immunopathology. Plasmid DNA vaccines currently under development are constructs derived from bacterial plasmids that contain one or more genes from an infectious agent. www.fda.gov /cber/gdlns/plasmid.txt   (5381 words)

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo: Plasmid profile in oral Fusobacterium nucleatum from humans and Cebus apella monkeys In this study, the plasmid profile in oral F. nucleatum isolated from periodontal patients, health subjects and Cebus apella monkeys, the plasmid stability and the penicillin-resistance genes association with plasmids were evaluated. In this study, the plasmid profile, the plasmid stability and the penicillin-resistance association in oral F. nucleatum isolated from periodontal patients, healthy subjects and Cebus apella monkeys were evaluated. Plasmid DNA restriction and Southern blot: Plasmid DNA was extracted by using two based BIRNBOIM & DOLY4 protocols with modifications, where several precipitations with sodium acetate and cold ethanol, and additional treatments with phenol and phenol-chloroform were performed. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3855/is_200301/ai_n9212847   (1440 words)

Plasmid DNA Plasmid DNA isolation requires separation of this DNA from the chromosomal DNA in the bacterial cell as well as from the polysaccharides, lipids and proteins that constitute the cell. The plasmid is separated from the bacterial DNA by virtue of the plasmid's relative stability in alkali. the plasmid with the goal of confirmation of identity of the plasmid gene insert. a32.lehman.cuny.edu /molbio_course/plasmid_protocol.htm   (1226 words)

Plasmid definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms Plasmid: A circle of DNA that is self-replicating (autonomously replicating) and distinct from the normal genome of bacteria. A plasmid contains genes that as a rule are not essential to the growth or survival of the cell. Some plasmids can integrate into the host genome, can be artificially constructed in the laboratory, and serve as cloning vectors (carriers). www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4938   (205 words)

plasmid Plasmids are separate from the bacterial chromosome but still multiply during cell growth. Plasmid genes determine a wide variety of bacterial properties including resistance to antibiotics and the ability to produce toxins. Some plasmids carry ‘fertility genes’ that enable them to move from one bacterium to another and transfer genetic information between strains. www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0026145.html   (144 words)

CDC - Transferable Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Streptomycin in Clinical Isolate of Yersinia pestis Isolation of plasmid DNA, cleavage of restriction fragments, and purification of DNA fragments from agarose type VII (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) were performed as described elsewhere (14). The plasmid and the host bacterium were different from those previously associated with multiple-drug resistance, indicating that acquisition of resistance plasmids is occurring in this bacterial species. Plasmid content = pFRa, pPla, and pYV are the endogenous plasmids of Y pestis (12). www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no1/guiyoule.htm   (2381 words)

Plasmid DNA Isolation This kit uses the same format as Plasmid Mini Kit I. Total DNA binding capacity is increased to allow culture volumes up to 15 ml to be used thus bridging the gap between mini and midi prep protocols. Yields vary according to plasmid copy number, E.coli strain, and conditions of growth, but 50 ml of overnight culture in LB medium typically produces 100-200 µg high-copy plasmid DNA. The Yeast Plasmid DNA Kit combines the power of HiBind™ technology with the alkaline-SDS lysis of yeast cells to deliver high quality DNA under 1 hour. www.biopioneer.org /Plasmid.htm   (1252 words)

Inserting a DNA Sample into a Plasmid Plasmids are similar to viruses, but lack a protein coat and cannot move from cell to cell in the same fashion as a virus. Plasmid vectors are small circular molecules of double stranded DNA derived from natural plasmids that occur in bacterial cells. The plasmid and the foreign DNA are cut by this restriction endonuclease (EcoRI in this example) producing intermediates with sticky and complementary ends. www.accessexcellence.org /AB/GG/inserting.html   (147 words)

Recombinant DNA Plasmids are molecules of DNA that are found in bacteria separate from the bacterial chromosome. Plasmids can be deliberately introduced into bacteria in the laboratory transforming the cell with the incoming genes. Plasmids are replicated by the same machinery that replicates the bacterial chromosome. users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/RecombinantDNA.html   (1282 words)

Carolina Biological: Biotechnology and Genetics: Plasmid Mapping: Introduction Because plasmids are rings or circles of DNA, a restriction enzyme that cuts a plasmid once results in a linear piece of DNA that has the same number of base pairs as the original plasmid. A restriction enzyme that cuts a plasmid twice results in 2 linear pieces of DNA whose total number of base pairs equals the number of base pairs in the original plasmid. The name of the restriction enzyme and the relative locus where the enzyme cuts the plasmid are shown on the map. www.carolina.com /biotech/plasmid_problems/plasmid_guide.asp   (949 words)

Replacement of the Epstein-Barr Virus Plasmid with the EBER Plasmid in Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells. The 3.0-kbp band is DNA from the EBV plasmid, and the 1.1-kbp is transfected EBER DNA. (A) Detection of DNA from the plasmid and transfected EBER DNA in Akata-EC cell clones. Detection of DNA from the EBV plasmid and transfected EBER DNA in Mutu I cell clones: www.euchromatin.net /Maruo1.htm   (2985 words)

Millipore - User Guides - Montage™ Plasmid Miniprep96 Kit User Guide When using fluorescent dye terminator chemistry for sequencing of plasmid DNA, the purity of the plasmids is often a critical determinant of the quality and utility of the DNA sequence data, especially when attempting to miniaturize reactions. The procedure for purifying plasmid DNA consists of two phases: First, the bacterial host must be cultured; then the plasmid DNA must be isolated from the host. The plasmid DNA is retained by Millipore’s proprietary size-exclusion membrane while proteins and contaminants are filtered through to waste. www.millipore.com /userguides.nsf/docs/P36315   (2243 words)

Plasmid DNA Function In summary, in the absence of the antibiotic resistance gene encoded on the plasmid, a bacterial cell will not long survive the destruction of the plasmid; the plasmid is the sole source of the antibiotic resistance gene. The transfer of plasmid DNA from one cell to another (or, in vitro, from the medium into a cell) we call 'transformation'. Would you remove the plasmid completely from the cell ('curing' the cell), that property (say antibiotic resistance, or virulence) would then be lost. www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/mole00/mole00391.htm   (504 words)

Evolution and INFORMATION - the Nylon Bug! (A plasmid is defined as a replicon - a replicating piece of DNA - that is inherited in an extrachromosomal state.) This case still provides an excellent example of a New Protein that evolved without the assistance of an Intelligent Designer. "A New Nylon Oligomer Degradation Gene (nylC) on Plasmid pOAD2 from a Flavobacterium sp. It turns out that the novel plasmid's mutated DNA for production of nylonase is almost identical to a non-coding repetitive DNA sequence on the original plasmid; the difference is the single nucleotide that triggered the Frame Shift. www.nmsr.org /nylon.htm   (3751 words)

Scientist Solutions - Plasmid Isolation Since this is a wild type plasmid, and as such may be unstable in the strain you've got when you culture it in lab conditions, you might first want to optimize culture conditions to as closely mimic the conditions where the bug is naturally found. Measure the concentration of the plasmid DNA by diluting stock into water at 1:200 or 5 ml of DNA per 1 ml of water (blank spectrophotometer to water). Extract proteins from the plasmid DNA using PCIA (phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol) by adding about 0.3 ml. www.scientistsolutions.com /index.php?a=topic&t=838   (1700 words)

displayProduct.aspx?pid=447 Accommodates DNA from 2.9 kb plasmids to 45 kb cosmids. Ultrapure plasmid preparation for a variety of applications such as automated sequencing and bacterial transformation. For ultrapure, high yield purification of plasmid or cosmid DNA - up to 20 µg. www.stratagene.com /products/displayProduct.aspx?pid=447   (205 words)

Plasmid DNA Production & Purification Plasmid DNA is provided with full documentation noting plasmid concentration, purity, and restriction analysis. Depending on the scale, Plasmid DNA purification is performed following Qiagen as well as Paragon’s in house methods resulting in low Endotoxin DNA that is particularly suited for cloning strategies, transfections as well as for gene therapy applications. Batch scales from 1 liter to 100 liters of fermentation to produce milligram to gram quantities of ultrapure plasmid DNA, ideal transfections and cloning procedures. www.paragonbioservices.com /Expression/plasmid_DNA.htm   (161 words)

Identification and Characterization of a pSLA2 Plasmid Locus Required for Linear DNA Replication and Circular Plasmid Stable Inheritance in Streptomyces lividans -- Qin et al. 185 (22): 6575 -- The Journal of Bacteriology Linear plasmid SLP2 of Streptomyces lividans is a composite replicon. telomere-patching DNA synthesis at the termini of linear plasmids. Identification and Characterization of a pSLA2 Plasmid Locus Required for Linear DNA Replication and Circular Plasmid Stable Inheritance in Streptomyces lividans -- Qin et al. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/185/22/6575   (4248 words)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens [A plasmid is a circle of DNA separate from the chromosome, capable of replicating independently in the cell and of being transferred from one bacterial cell to another by conjugation. Pathogenic strains with plasmids of the octopine-agropine type are not inhibited, and nor are unrelated bacteria. It is important to note that only a small part of the plasmid (the T-DNA) enters the plant; the rest of the plasmid remains in the bacterium to serve futher roles. helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/crown.htm   (3690 words)

Plasmid Processor Homepage Plasmid Processor is a simple tool for plasmid presentation for scientific and educational purposes. Plasmid Processor program was created during a programming project course organized by the Department of Computer Sciences and Applied Mathematics, University of Kuopio, Finland 1995-1996. Plasmid Processor is freeware, so you can use and distribute it freely. www.hytti.uku.fi /~oikari/plasmid.html   (224 words)

Millipore Catalogue - 96-well Plasmid Preparation Kit Plasmid DNA is retained on the membrane surface while contaminants are filtered to waste. Move PLASMID plate to top of manifold and apply vacuum for 5 to 7 minutes to concentrate sample. The kit includes all the reagents and disposable materials you need to purify plasmid DNA in a 96-well format. www.millipore.com /catalogue.nsf/docs/C7481   (459 words)

THE CLONING OF PLASMID AND SPINACH DNA In certain strains of E coli which encode the rest of the of the LacZ gene and also carry a plasmid with an alpha-complementary region, the colonies are normally blue in color on plates containing a chromogenic substrate (XGal) of beta-galactosidase. The purpose of this lab is to ligate fragments of genomic DNA from spinach into a vector plasmid; this recombinant DNA is then used to transform Escherichia coli cells. You will also cut the vector plasmid (pUC18, pUC8 or some other appropriate plasmid provided by your instructor) with HINDIII (It's critical that the plasmid DNA and the genomic DNA from the spinach are cut with the same restriction enzyme. www.woodrow.org /teachers/bi/1993/the_cloning.html   (1528 words)

www.aldevron.com Aldevron also provides a range of plasmid vectors for gene therapy, immunology and vaccine researchers. We routinely produce plasmid DNA for research, preclinical, and clinical applications. Aldevron's Genetic Immunization and Antibody (GIA™) service uses plasmid DNA to generate antibodies to gene-specific antigens. www.aldevron.com   (137 words)

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PLASMID BIOLOGY 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of plasmid replicons: implications for plasmid evolution and classification. Mechanism of termination of DNA replication in bacterial and plasmid chromosomes. Characterization of the region involved in a better-than-random segregation of streptococcal plasmid pSM19035. www.cifn.unam.mx /memory/plasbiol98/program.htm   (470 words)

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