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	lan xang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang (or in Pali, Sisattanakhanahut) was established in 1354 by Fa Ngum.
		Fa Ngum was crowned king of Lan Xang at Vientiane, the site of one of his victories (Victory of Phay Nam), in June 1354.
		Fa Ngum's descendants remained on the throne at Muang Sua, renamed Louang Phrabang, for almost 600 years after his death, maintaining the independence of Lan Xang to the end of the seventeenth century through a complex network of vassal relations with lesser princes.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /lan_xang.html (536 words)

	Fa Ngum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Somdetch Brhat-Anya Fa Ladhuraniya Sri Sadhana Kanayudha Maharaja Brhat Rajadharana Sri Chudhana Negara better known as Fa Ngum (1316 - 1393, born in Muang Sua, died in Nan) established the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang in 1354.
		Fa Ngum was a grandson of Souvanna Khamphong, ruler of Xieng Dong Xieng Thong and descendant of Khun Lo.
		He was exiled as a child to the court of Angkor along with his father.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fa_Ngum (289 words)

	Fa Ngum -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Fa Ngum was the grandson of Souvanna Khamphong, the last in a long line of local rulers of the principality of Muang Swa, later called Luang Prabang, on the upper Mekong River.
		Fa Ngum continued on to the conquest of Xieng Khouang and then, in 1353, took Muang Swa, forced the abdication of Souvanna Khamphong, and proclaimed himself king of the expanded kingdom of Lan Xang (“a million elephants”).
		During Fa Ngum's reign Theravada Buddhism of the Sinhalese school was introduced into Laos, perhaps from Cambodia; and it is believed that the Prabang Buddha image, which served as the kingdom's palladium and gave Luang Prabang its new name, was brought from Ceylon.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9033507 (1080 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Laos - Lan Xang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The younger brother, Fa Ngum, married one of the king's daughters and in 1349 set out from Angkor at the head of a 10,000-member Khmer army.
		Fa Ngum was crowned king of Lan Xang at Vientiane, the site of one of his victories, in June 1354.
		Fa Ngum's descendants remained on the throne at Muang Sua, renamed Louangphrabang, for almost 600 years after his death, maintaining the independence of Lan Xang to the end of the seventeenth century through a complex network of vassal relations with lesser princes.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/laos/6.php (841 words)

	Fa Ngum Founds the Holy City of Louang Phrabang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Details of Fa Ngum’s life may occasionally be sketchy and contradictory but we are lucky to be so well-served by Royal Laotian Chroniclers, who preserved so much of the history of their land through the tales of the deeds and lives of great men.
		In any case, Fa Ngum, fighting from the back of an elephant as was the custom for all generals of that period, was successful in his campaign and took the opportunity to establish an independent Lao state at Xiang Dong Xiang Thong in 1353, which was later renamed Louang Phrabang.
		Fa Ngum was the father of modern-day Laos.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/east_asian_history/104851 (963 words)

	Lan Xang -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fa Ngum was crowned king of Lan Xang at (The capital and largest city of Laos) Vientiane, the site of one of his victories (Victory of Phay Nam), in June 1354.
		The first few years of Fa Ngum's rule from his capital (Click link for more info and facts about Muang Sua) Muang Sua were uneventful.
		For example, she was instrumental in welcoming a religious and artistic mission that brought with it a statue of the Buddha, the (Click link for more info and facts about Phra Bang) Phra Bang, which became the palladium of the kingdom.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/L/La/Lan_Xang.htm (358 words)

	Fa Ngoum Biography / Biography of Fa Ngoum Modern Asia Biography
		Fa Ngoum or Fa Ngum was born in Muang Sawa, a Lao principality located on the site of present-day Luang Prabang, and founded the Lan Xang Hom Khao (better known as Lan Xang) kingdom in Laos in 1353.
		Fa Ngoum is credited with introducing the Theravada Buddhist sect to the region when the Khmer monks who accompanied the image of the Prabang Buddha established a monastery in Lan Xang.
		Fa Ngoum died in Muang Nan in 1374 or 1375.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-fa-ngoum-ema-02 (245 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Laos
		On his line of march, Fa Ngum drew together all the small Lao principalities (meuang) to form a powerful kingdom that could hold its own against the surrounding powers of Burma (now Myanmar), Vietnam, the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya, and Cambodia.
		Fa Ngum set about organizing and strengthening his kingdom.
		But Fa Ngum became too autocratic and demanding, and was deposed in favor of his son.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761551958___40/Laos.html (2352 words)

	Buddhist Studies: Theravada Buddhism: Laos
		There, Fa Ngum studied under a Theravadin monk,gained favour of the Khmer king, and eventually married one of his daughters.
		Fa Ngum's coronation at Luang Phrabang in 1353 marked the beginning of the historical Laos state.
		Furthermore, Fa Ngum invited his Buddhist teacher at the Khmer court to act as his advisor and chief priest.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/buddhistworld/laos-txt.htm (1711 words)

	History of Laos
		Fa Ngum declared himself king of the realm in 1353.
		Fa Ngum was unable to subdue the unruly highlanders of the northeast regions; these remained independent of Lan Xang Rule.
		Fa Ngum made Buddhism the state religion, and Pra Bang became the protector of the Lao kingdom.
	www.visit-laos.com /sabbaidee/history.htm (1891 words)

	Buffalo Tours Vietnam and Cambodia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Indeed Laos’ first national leader, Fa Ngum was raised in the court of Angkor and in 1345 set about creatng of a new Lao monarchy in the shadow of the fading Khmer Empire.
		The name Prabang is derived from a gold Buddha donated to Fa Ngum, who married a princess from Angkor, by the Khmer court.
		Fa Ngum’s ancestors strengthened Luang Prabang in the face of both Burmese and Vietnamese invasions.
	www.buffalotours.com /premier/laos/history.asp (759 words)

	Laoplanet.net - Early History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fa Ngieo, involved in various coups and coup attempts, in 1330 sent his two sons to a Buddhist monastery outside the Mongol realm for safety.
		The younger brother, Fa Ngum, married one of the king's daughters and in 1349 set out from Angkor at the head of a 10,000-man army.
		Fa Ngum organized the conquered principalities into provinces, and reclaimed Muang Sua from his father and elder brother.
	laoplanet.net /content/view/47/48 (1044 words)

	King Fa Ngum Statue Installation Not A Change Of Tack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The installation of the statue of King Fa Ngum The Great early this year is not a reversion to the old regime.
		He said that the inauguration of the statue of King Fa Ngum was in celebration of the unification of all the land occupied by the Lao people into the ancient Kingdom of Lane Xang.
		Born in 1316 AD, King Fa Ngum was a great warrior who fought for the unification of the conquest of the Lao people.
	www.vientianetimes.com /Stories/2003/12082003_king_fa_ngum_statue_installation.html (477 words)

	CASTING OF KING FA NGUM CONTINUES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The casting of a statue of King Fa Ngum is nearly complete after beginning in 1997.
		An inspection was made of the proportions of the four parts of the statue consisting of the head, torso, waist, and feet and hands.
		Fa Ngum The Great, the first King of Lane Xang (the Land of a Million Elephants) united the Lao nation.
	www.vientianetimes.com /Stories/2002/08082002_casting_of_king_fa_ngum_continue.html (206 words)

	Laos - Historical Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Prince Fa Ngum, Lan Xang's founder, redeveloped the old Mongol model of an army composed of units of 10,000, which gave rise to the name of the successive reign, Sam Sen Thai, or, 10,000 Thai.
		The army's strength enabled Fa Ngum to expand Lan Xang's borders to the western escarpment of the Khorat Plateau, the crest of the Annamite Chain in the east, and the northern edge of Khmer and Cham civilizations in the south.
		Following Fa Ngum's death, struggles with Siamese and Burmese states in which his successors became embroiled, sapped the strength of the army and led to the decline and eventual splitting up of Lan Xang.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-7892.html (277 words)

	Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos- Laos History,Viet Nam Travel,viet nam Tours, vietnam Vacation, Holiday, Tour Operators, Travel ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With the declining Khmer empire, Fa Ngum gradually managed to conquest Wieng Chan, Phuan (Xieng Khuang), the Khorat Plateau (north-eastern Thailand) and Muang Sawa (Luang Phabang).
		Fa Ngum declared himself king of these territories and call it Lang Xang (Million Elephants).
		Fa Ngum’s eldest son, Oun Heuan-titled Samsenthai, succeeded his father and build Lan Xang into an important trade center.
	paradissa.com /laos/hist.htm (1090 words)

	Southeast Asian History; History of Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Burma, Laos, Malaysia
		This prince, Fa Ngum, was given an army by the Khmers and he marched up the Mekong River with it, conquering first the communities of central and southern Laos, then Xiengkhouang on the Plain of Jars
		The internal balance of power, however, was delicate, and Fa Ngum himself was deposed by one of his ministers in 1373 because his wars demanded too much from his subjects; he also took the women of the kingdom for his harem as frequently as he conscripted the men as soldiers.
		Fa Ngum's successors brought peace and prosperity to Laos by political marriages with Siam and Chiangmai.
	www.guidetothailand.com /thailand-history/lan_xang.htm (514 words)

	Vacation in Laos with Asian Vacations, Inc. - History
		As the Khmer Empire crumbled, Fa Ngum brought together the disparate townships that had grown up across the land.
		Fa Ngoum also installed Theravada Buddhism as the principle religion of the country.
		Fa Ngum’s son, Thao Ounheuane succeeded him to the throne in 1373.
	www.vacationsinlaos.com /history.html (3146 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With pomp and pageantry, scores of Laotians dressed in period costumes and riding elephants arrived at a new public park in Vientiane, the capital, where white drapes were removed from a 14-foot bronze statue of King Fa Ngum.
		Fa Ngum is believed to have established the Kingdom of Lan Xang (Million Elephants) in 1353, the forerunner of the modern Laotian state.
		According to the state media, honoring Fa Ngum and other kings is seen as a way to boost national unity and patriotism and reinforce traditional Buddhist values.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/laoskings.html (207 words)

	Vientiane Promenade -- ThingsAsian Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thanon Fa Ngum is the boulevard that hugs the river's banks.
		Of all of the city's wide and tree-lined boulevards, it is Fa Ngum that brings you as close as you can get to the soul of Vientiane.
		Fa Ngum is lined from end to end with big handsome trees - teak, cotton, castor and causarina, and down past the Lane Xang Hotel, stately eucalyptus.
	www.thingsasian.com /goto_article/article.1598.html (1194 words)

	www.lao.ch---Lao travel info & galleries
		FA NGUM was sent to exile from Moung Swa (The former name of Luang Prabang) with his father, both were taken care by Jayawwarman Paramesvara in Angkor court.
		King Fa Ngum brought Theravada Buddhism to Lane Xang, He also took a Buddha image called Prabang to Lane Xang kingdom, slowly population in Lane Xang kingdom has converted themselves as Buddhist.
		In 1373 King Fa Ngum was sent to where to day called Nan province in Thailand for exile by his minister.
	www.lao.ch /lao-ch/english/about-laos/history.htm (1224 words)

	THE RISE OF LANE XANG, Laos Tourist Information and Travel Guide at InfoHub.com
		Lao legends tell of a young prince called Fa Ngum who was cast out of Xiang Dong Xiang Thong principality, only to be taken in by the Khmer court at Angkor, where he married a Khmer princess.
		Fa Ngum called his new kingdom Lane Xang Hom Khao, the Kingdom of a Million Elephants and the White Parasol, and during his reign expanded its borders south into northeastern Thailand and north into present-day Xishuangbanna in China.
		Fa Ngum's son, Oun Heuan (1373-1417), ruled peacefully for 43 years, but then followed a turbulent period culminating in a major Vietnamese invasion in 1479, which destroyed Xiang Dong Xiang Thong.
	www.infohub.com /Destinations/Asia/Laos/67839.htm (294 words)

	Lan Xang (1300 - 1428 AD) - DBA 110a
		In the 13th Century, the SE Asian region roughly comprising modern Laos was populated by the Lao Lum (migratory Tai from southern China), who settled small principalities (meuang or mandalas) in the fertile river valleys and by the Lao Theung (Lao natives) who had been pushed aside into the hills.
		In the early 1300s, a Lao Lum noble by the name of Fa Ngum was forced south into exile with his father to Angkor Wat, where he married a princess and gained the favor of his father-in-law, the Khmer emperor Jayavarman Paramesvara.
		Fag Ngum ruled Lan Xang for 20 years, surviving periods of religous strife and almost constant warfare along his ill-defined borders, until he was deposed by the court ministers in favor of his son Oun Hueun (Sam Sen Thai) in 1373 AD.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/var110a.html (666 words)

	Luang Prabang & the Sacred Pra Bang Image
		Not long after, Thao Phi Fa was expelled by his father King Souvanna Khampong for his irresponsible ways and subsequently sought refuge in Angkor, the capital of the neighboring Khmer empire.
		Fa Ngum was raised in the Royal Court of Angkor, introduced to Buddhism and, in 1338, married the daughter of the Khmer King.
		By the end of Fa Ngum's reign in 1373, the successful adoption of Theravada Buddhism had contributed substantially to unification efforts and the Kingdom of Lan Xang had become one of the largest in mainland Southeast Asia.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /lao/culture/LuangPrabang/LP&PraBangImage.htm (1385 words)

	Fa Ngum - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Fa Ngum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fa Ngum - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Fa Ngum.
		Here you will find more informations about Fa Ngum.
		The orginal Fa Ngum article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Fa-Ngum.html (339 words)

	Geography of Laos
		In 1353, a man by the name of Fa Ngum became the king of Laos.
		The son of an emperor in Angkor (in the northwest of present-day Cambodia), Fa Ngum converted to Buddhism, a major religion of eastern and central Asia.
		When his father died, Fa ngum became ruler of the small Lao kingdom.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~lkhowong/history.html (1381 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Fa Ngum was a great warrior who conquered territories that included all of present-day Laos and much of what is today northern Thailand.
		In 1373 Fa Ngum was succeeded by his son Oun Hueun, who organized the government administrations and increased the kingdoms defenses.
		After his death in 1416, a long period of peace and tranquillity proceeded that would last until a Vietnamese invasion in 1479.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/godkings/seasia/html_docs/laos.html (403 words)

	Laotian Architecture: Wat Mahathat, Luang Prabang
		The wonderful sweeping stair- and entryway from Thanon Chao Fa Ngum Road and its silver colored seven-headed naga is reminiscent of the more colorful and elaborated longer stairway at Wat Doi Suthep in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
		The Dok So Fa symbolizes the universe and Mount Meru and is found on most Laotian sims.
		There are statues of the Earth Goddess, wringing water from her hair, that recall the story when the Buddha was threatened by the army of evil spirits and called on her.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /luangprabang/WATMAHATHAT.htm (489 words)

	Fa Ngum -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "Fa Ngum" when you join.
		Overview on this Ottawa-based organization providing a fact sheet on fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE).
		Includes a brief on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9033507 (758 words)

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