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	Face on Mars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Face on Mars is a large feature on the surface of the planet Mars located in the Cydonia region, thought by many to resemble a human face.
		The popular TV show Futurama portrays the face of Mars as the entrance to the center of the planet where the ancient Martians live.
		The song "Face In The Sand" by Iron Maiden from the album Dance Of Death is inspired by the face.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Face_on_Mars (886 words)

	face on Mars
		The face on Mars is the image of some photographs of the Cydonia region of Mars taken in 1976 by the Viking Orbiter.
		According to Gary Posner, the one most responsible for the view that the face on Mars is an alien construction is Richard C. Hoagland, author of The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever (1987).
		The Face on Mars by Sally Stephens, Astronomical Society of the Pacific
	skepdic.com /faceonmars.html (433 words)

	The Face on Mars
		It was the mysterious "Face on Mars", and it sparked a frenzy of speculation which was to last two decades.
		NASA faced massive budget cuts and and it was to be a long wait before the red planet would be visited again.
		Although the excitement created by the Face on Mars may have had some positive benefits, it is more desirable to promote interest in the honest truth than artificial hype.
	www.dave.co.nz /space/mars/face.html (1067 words)

	ASP: The Face on Mars
		Nevertheless, the idea of life on Mars, and, in particular, intelligent life on Mars, fed by years of science fiction stories, persists in the public mind, despite the weight of scientific evidence against it.
		Mars' equator is tilted relative to the plane of its orbit around the Sun by almost the same amount as the Earth's, which gives Mars, like Earth, seasons.
		In 1877, Mars came within 56 million kilometers (35 million miles) of Earth, about as close as it ever gets (because its orbit is somewhat elongated, its distance at closest approach to Earth varies from year to year).
	www.astrosociety.org /education/publications/tnl/25/25.html (1164 words)

	New Frontiers in Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Debunkers, who delight in comparing the Mars Face to natural profiles such as the "Old Man in the Mountain," seem blissfully content to ignore the fact that their would-be terrestrial counterparts are only visible under limited viewing conditions.
		The Mars Face is not only anomalous to the human eye; it is demonstrably strange, at odds with the surrounding terrain.
		The Face on Mars offers a solid challenge to the prevailing SETI paradigm: perhaps the "aliens" (whatever that word might ultimately mean) are not unimaginably distant after all.
	www.newfrontiersinscience.com /ArchiveIndex/v01n01/evidence.shtml (1199 words)

	MarsNews.com :: The "Face on Mars"
		Discovered by the Viking mission in 1976, and reimaged by the Mars Global Surveyor, the controversy continues on whether the Face is a geologic landform or an artificial structure.
		The "Face" is approximately one mile long, is very symmetrical, and according to some, clearly has eye sockets and a hortizonal line resembling a "mouth".
		It is virtually impossible to prove or disprove the theory that the "Face" on Mars is an artificial structure.
	www.marsnews.com /focus/face (392 words)

	The Face on Mars and other Familiar Features
		The Cydonia region is located along an escarpment that separates the relatively crater-free planes to the north from the heavily cratered terrain to the south.
		The first MOC flew on Mars Observer, a spacecraft that was lost before it reached the red planet in 1993.
		This valentine from Mars is actually a pit formed by collapse within a straight-walled trough known in geological terms as a graben.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/face.htm (1077 words)

	Unmasking the Face on Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Although few scientists believed the Face was an alien artefact, photographing Cydonia became a priority for NASA when Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at the Red Planet in Sept. 1997, eighteen long years after the Viking missions ended.
		The Face on Mars is located at 41 degrees north martian latitude where it was winter in April '98 - a cloudy time of year on the Red Planet.
		A 3D perspective view of the Face on Mars landform produced by Jim Garvin (NASA) and Jim Frawley (Herring Bay Geophysics) from the latest MOC image (April 8, 2001) and all of the available laser altimeter elevation measurements by MOLA.
	www.firstscience.com /site/articles/face.asp (1332 words)

	SPACE.com -- The Face on Mars: Unmasked by New Images
		Although few scientists believed the Face was an alien artifact, photographing Cydonia became a priority for NASA when Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at the Red Planet in September 1997, 18 long years after the Viking missions ended.
		The Face on Mars is located at 41 degrees north latitude where, at the time of the April 1998 photo, it was Martian winter -- a cloudy time of year on the Red Planet.
		Mars Global Surveyor is a mapping spacecraft that normally looks straight down and scans the planet like a fax machine in narrow 1.6-mile- (2.5-kilometer-) wide strips.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/mars_face_010525-1.html (852 words)

	Evaluation of New Face Enhancement by Mark Kelly
		It shows the Face illuminated from the upper left, a normal lighting direction for viewing a face as opposed to the totally abnormal illumination in the actual MGS image: the "flashlight-under-the-chin" illumination.
		Areas on the right side of the Face close to the "nose" ridge were either extremely foreshortened or hidden altogether due to the off-nadir viewing angle of the MGS camera.
		As for the features on the left side of the Face, which were much clearer in the Viking images, the shadowing of the "eye socket" and "mouth" in Kelly's reconstruction are very consistent with the Viking images.
	www.vgl.org /webfiles/mars/face/newface.htm (2528 words)

	Photographic Evidence: The "Face" (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The long-awaited overhead view of the Face, released in April, 2001.
		A plausible reconstruction of the Face, assuming deformation on the eastern side is due to sand deposition and wasting.
		The "nostril" and "harelip" situated on the Face's vertical centerline.
	www.mactonnies.com /facephotos.html (115 words)

	Mars Orbiter Camera Views "Face on Mars"
		Shortly after midnight Sunday morning (5 April 1998 12:39 AM PST), the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft successfully acquired a high resolution image of the "Face on Mars" feature in the Cydonia region.
		At that time, the "Face", located at approximately 40.8° N, 9.6° W, was 275 miles (444 km) from the spacecraft.
		The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Surveyor Operations Project operates the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, CA and Denver, CO.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mgs/msss/camera/images/4_6_face_release (871 words)

	Face on Mars
		The most famous example is the Face on Mars, the one that some people believe to be the construct of an intelligent civilization.
		Less controversial is the Happy Face on Mars, first noted in NASA's Viking Orbiter mission.
		A study last year found that humans are particularly susceptible to seeing human faces where there are none, because our knowledge of the human face is so ingrained in our brains.
	www.crystalinks.com /faceonmars.html (747 words)

	NASA Captures New Images of the Face on Mars
		Although few scientists believed the Face was an alien artifact, photographing Cydonia became a priority for NASA when Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at the Red Planet in Sept. 1997, eighteen long years after the Viking missions ended.
		The Face on Mars is located at 41 degrees north martian latitude where it was winter in April '98 -- a cloudy time of year on the Red Planet.
		The height of the Face, its volume and aspect ratio -- all of its dimensions, in fact -- are similar to the other mesas.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast24may_1.htm (1751 words)

	The "Face on Mars"
		On 25 July, 1976, it photographed a region of buttes and mesas along the escarpment that separates heavily cratered highlands to the south from low lying, relatively crater-free, lowland plains to the north.
		Using the height field, it is also possible to view the "Face" from different look directions, by mapping the Viking Orbiter image directly on the the topography and then placing the "viewer" at different locations.
		A brief discussion of the controversy surrounding the "Face" and the planned MOC observations.
	barsoom.msss.com /education/facepage/face.html (721 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mars Odyssey's Picture of the Day: The so-called 'Face on Mars'
		Since that time the Mars Orbiter Camera on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has provided detailed views of this hill that clearly show that it is a normal geologic feature with slopes and ridges carved by eons of wind and downslope motion due to gravity.
		Like the hills and knobs of Mars, however, Camelback Mountain was carved into its unusual shape by thousands of years of erosion.
		In several cases, such as in the large knob directly south of the "Face" these deposits occur at several different heights on the hill, providing evidence that downslope motion may be the more likely explanation.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/mars_daily_020412.html (585 words)

	New face on Mars has scientists smiling
		Mar 12, 1999: Just when you thought it was safe to look at photographs of Mars, a new face has appeared on the Red Planet.
		The "face" was first noticed in synoptic observations taken early in the Viking Orbiter 1 mission.
		However, all of the features that contribute to the appearance of a face are completely natural and their arrangement is a result of chance, not design.
	science.nasa.gov /current/event/ast12mar99_1.htm (605 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Global Surveyor snaps best view yet of 'Face on Mars'
		A key aspect of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Extended Mission is the opportunity to turn the spacecraft and point the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) at specific features of interest.
		When the Mars Polar Lander was lost in December 1999, this capability was again employed to search for the missing lander.
		If present on Mars, objects the size of typical passenger jet airplanes would be distinguishable in an image of this scale.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0105/25marsface (531 words)

	The Face on Mars
		This is a really unusual mountain on Mars which looks like a face from atop, and was discovered by the Viking orbiters in late 1976.
		Science writer Richard Hoagland has championed the idea that the Face is artificial, intended to resemble a human, and erected by an extraterrestrial civilization.
		Mars Global Surveyor has now taken a first hi-res image of the Face and revealed that it is probably an interesting mountain or mesa; no signs for an artefact are obvious (a fact which was not much surprising for most investigators and scientists).
	www.seds.org /~spider/spider/Mars/marsface.html (434 words)

	The Enterprise Mission
		Faced with the collapse of their own models, these same few critics have said of us; "they'll never give up their position that it is artificial, no matter what the pictures show." Well, of course we won't -- when they show exactly what we have been predicting they would show for almost ten years!
		In 1976, when the first Face image was released, NASA claimed that there were "disconfirming images" taken a few hours later, which showed that it was really "not a Face" at all.
		In a couple weeks, when Mars is at its closest position to Earth for the next two years (and general media and public interest highest), "coincidentally" Garvin promised that the Face would be targeted again -- along with "several other anomalies" located at Cydonia.
	www.enterprisemission.com /catbox.htm (7020 words)

	The Martian Enigmas Home Page
		April 1998 MGS Image of the Face on Mars - Preliminary analysis of April 1998 MGS image of the Face.
		Key contribution is 3-D analysis of the Face using single image shape from shading technique which shows the Face is not a trick of light and shadow as claimed by NASA.
		The evidence is based on a detailed examination of the objects themselves, on spatial and angular relationships between objects, and on a comparative analyses of the shape of the Face and several objects in the City.
	www.newfrontiersinscience.com /martianenigmas (1156 words)

	Face-Off!
		The Mars Global Surveyor team's first image of the Cydonia region of Mars (the area containing the "Face on Mars").
		The camera on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) has taken a picture of the Cydonia area of Mars.
		In this Cydonia region, the 'Face on Mars' was first photographed by the 1976 Viking mission.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /cgi-bin/tour.cgi/headline_universe/face_off.html (233 words)

	Face on Mars and Other Nonmysteries (Skeptical Inquirer Fall 1985)
		A few decades ago the Canadian dollar bill had to be re-engraved because the face of a demon accidentally turned up in the Queen's hair just behind her left ear.
		West of the big stone face, in the shadow of a pyramidlike formation, is a gridlike pattern suggesting a lost city with an avenue leading toward the face.
		A story in the Hendersonville, N.C., newspaper of February 16, 1985, reported that Dr. Gaverluk was speaking at the First Baptist Church on the meaning of the gigantic face and pyramids and the laser of tremendous power that have been discovered on Mars.
	www.csicop.org /si/8512/face-on-mars.html (1729 words)

	Stardrive.org - - The Face on Mars: a Historical Summary by Saul-Paul Sirag (June 1, 1998)
		It is inserted into Mars synchronous orbit with a period of 24.66 hours, an apoapsis of 33000 km and periapsis of 1513 km.
		He notes that "many of the peaks in the central area of the Face, may also not be peaks, but might be artifacts of the MGS imaging." Since these artifacts would degrade the image, judgements about the "Face" become problematic.
		Moore's crater was in Cydonia, Malin's was in the Southern hemisphere of Mars.
	www.stardrive.org /cydonia.shtml (4441 words)

	PLANET X, NIBIRU, ANCIENT ASTRONAUTS, NASA, MARS, UFO's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Face was dismissed by scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a trick of light and shadow and forgotten.
		The "Face" on Mars has now passed each test of artificiality yet proposed.
		I found the structures on mars to be very interesting..
	xfacts.com /mars_sub.htm (336 words)

	Face on Mars
		You can probably guess what was made of this… ‘Pareidolia’ is the term for neurological or psychological phenomena where vague images are interpreted by the brain as specific images.
		A nice article “Paranormal Phenomena: The Face on Mars: Once and for All” contains some background material on the ensuing kerfuffle, including links to large NASA images of the entire regions photographed.
		Initially, NASA had not planned to re-map the Cydonia region, but public outcry was so great that in April 1998, the MGS was programmed to re-photograph segments of the Cydonia region, including at least one of the face (there was also something on ‘pyramids’ there which we will not cover here).
	www.michaelbach.de /ot/fcs_face_on_mars (284 words)

	"Face" on Mars?
		The so-called "face" on Mars as photographed in 1976 by the Viking 1 spacecraft (2nd from left), flanked by the view (with more than 10x greater resolution) from the Mars Global Surveyor (April 5, 1998).
		The far-right image is the latest and the most high-resolution of all, taken on April 8, 2001.
		And in June 1999, the Mars Global Surveyor photographed a "heart" that was no-doubt sculpted by the very same, terribly lovelorn, alien.
	www.tampabayskeptics.org /Mars_face.html (312 words)

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