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Topic: Face transplant

	Organ Transplant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An organ transplant is the transplantation of an organ (or part of one) from one body to another, for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or failing organ with a working one from the donor.
		Most pancreas transplants are performed for diabetes mellitus with chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy and are transplanted together with a kidney.
		The kidney was the easiest organ to transplant, tissue-typing was simple, the organ was relatively easy to remove and implant, live donors could be used without difficulty, and in the event of failure kidney dialysis was available from the 1940s.
	www.wikiverse.org /organ-transplant (1061 words)

	Salon \| Gaining face (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As thousands of transplant surgeons convene in Chicago this week for the annual meetings of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, the topic of face transplantation will be on the tips of a lot of tongues.
		Because a hand or face transplant requires grafts of bone, tissue, nerves and skin, doctors must first create a flawlessly balanced prescription of drugs to keep the body's immune system from rejecting all the different types of grafts.
		In a face transplant, surgeons might use all of the donor's face, or just parts of it -- the jaw, the skin -- depending on the type of damage done to the victim.
	www.salon.com /health/feature/1999/05/19/face_transplants/print.html (1910 words)

	Face transplant - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A face transplant is a procedure that involves replacing someone's entire face with a dead donor's face.
		People with faces disfigured by severe burns, cancer or by accident can benefit from the procedure.
		French first to perform a partial face transplant; critics raise timing, recipient suitability issues.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /face_transplant.htm (219 words)

	Today’s scientists have the skills and experience to transplant a human face (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A University of Louisville-led research team studying the face transplant has developed guidelines it says are critical to the success of the still-untried procedure.
		The hopes, anxieties and emotional stability of transplant recipients have always posed ethical concerns and these issues that would become even more critical in face transplants, says Osborne Wiggins, a philosophy professor and clinical investigator at U of L who was lead author on the article.
		Face transplants are not intended to provide cosmetic enhancement, but to provide enough improvement to allow the most disfigured people to re-enter society.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=4909 (718 words)

	Researchers confront risks of face transplants - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Successful human hand transplants during the past five years have increased the feasibility and likelihood that face transplants will be attempted on humans, said Lee, a hand surgeon.
		The results of limb transplant experiments on animals are promising, and his team "may start doing a project on face transplants in the rats, probably in the fall," Lee said.
		He worries that even the discussion of a potential face transplant could cause would-be organ donors to shred their donor cards, even though donors can specify which body parts are donated.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/health/s_202002.html (1125 words)

	CNN.com - Face transplants inch toward reality - May 26, 2004
		Candidates could include people whose faces have been grossly disfigured, as happened to Jacqueline Saburido, who was a 20-year-old student at the University of Texas at Austin in 1999 when her car was hit by a driver who had been drinking.
		In addition to reconstructing her face, she hopes to reconstruct her life, fall in love and have children, something a face transplant could facilitate.
		The problem of transplanting skin has recently been overcome, paving the way for researchers to attempt a face transplant, Barker said.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/05/26/face.transplant/index.html (829 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Scientists prepare to turn fiction into fact with first full-face transplant
		Her parents raced to hospital with her face in a plastic bag and a surgeon managed to reconnect the arteries and replant the skin.
		Hands have been transplanted, as well as thighs and knee bones, and a one-month-old baby girl survived a hand and arm transplant.
		Transplants of kidneys, lungs, hearts and other tissue are now routine: the only constraint is a shortage of donors.
	www.guardian.co.uk /medicine/story/0,11381,1225537,00.html (651 words)

	UPDATE ON FACE TRANSPLANT RESEARCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		U of L scientists, who have conducted research in hand and face transplantation since 1995, organized the first international symposium on composite tissue allotransplantation to discuss barriers standing in the way of performing human hand transplants.
		The surgical techniques used to transplant a human face will be the same techniques used in current facial reconstruction.
		Analyzing and evaluating the ethical and psychological implications of face transplants is a central part of U of L's ongoing face transplant research program.
	www.louisville.edu /hsc/news/printer_face_transplant_facts.shtml (890 words)

	Face transplants technically feasible - Cosmetic Surgery - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The microsurgical skills needed for a face transplant are already well established, according to a report by the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
		In the detailed report on the feasibility of face transplants, Morris and a panel of experts said the surgery would be a major breakthrough for people who have been disfigured by an accident or disease, but ethical hurdles and uncertainties about the risk and benefits must be resolved.
		Transplanting the skin and underlying soft tissue from one individual to the facial structure of another would give an appearance that would be different from the donor and the recipient, he added in a statement.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/3541421 (519 words)

	Science in Medicine
		They were treated like an alien invader within the bodies of the animals he experimented on, reducing the lifespan of the transplant to a matter of days in the worst cases (and putting the life of the animal in jeopardy to boot).
		But transplant surgery in general is an extremely stressful business and patients must undergo challenging psychological adjustments that would be hard for even the most robust of us to make.
		All transplant patients have a life-long regime of immunosuppressant drugs, which have serious side-effects, increasing the risk of infections and of all types of cancer.
	www.channel4.com /science/microsites/S/science/medicine/facerace.html (2245 words)

	Rhode Island news \| projo.com \| The Providence Journal \| Your Life
		The first candidate for a face transplant would be someone who has been disfigured for some time and has the emotional wherewithal to deal with the transplant, Barker said.
		The recipient's disfigured face would be removed down to the bone and cartilage, and the donor face draped across it, fitted and reattached.
		Like people who receive new hearts or other organs, face transplant recipients would have to take medications for the remainder of their lives to prevent the body from recognizing the donor tissue as foreign and rejecting it.
	www.projo.com /yourlife/content/projo_20040322_faceplant.125d1f.html (3244 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Surgeons insist the procedure, which involves transplanting an entire face from a corpse to a living person, will only be available for patients with the most severe facial disfigurements - and not as a cosmetic vanity treatment.
		Next week he will fly to London to reveal the latest on his team's progress at a high-profile debate on face transplants to be held at the Science Museum.
		Face transplants have featured in a number of films including the 1997 Hollywood thriller Face/Off, when an FBI agent "borrows" the face of a criminal.
	www.thisislondon.com /til/jsp/modules/Article/print.jsp?itemId=7600792 (573 words)

	Ethical Debate Confronts Face Transplant Pioneer
		A face transplant Butler says, could mean a deformity was spotted only at one metre (yard) away rather than say, 15 at present.
		Technically this could be applied to face transplants as early 2003 he said.
		But in an echo of the sci-fi thriller "Face Off", patients could end up looking almost exactly their donors if doctors are able to transplant facial bone as well as skin, muscle and nerves.
	www.rense.com /general33/face.htm (876 words)

	Face transplant surgery \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Face transplant surgery appears to be nearing reality.
		I guess the fear about facial transplant, if indeed it becomes possible to transplant a just-dead person's facial organ(s) onto a patient who's suffering serious facial disfigurement from an accident or illness, is the outward result such transplant may produce in the patient.
		The donated face has to fit over the underlying structure, and will be affected by that structure, like putting a sock on a foot, it's not the sock that gives the basic shape, no matter how much padding it may have, it's the foot.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/21911 (2159 words)

	CTV.ca \| Dozen to interview for chance at face transplant
		These people already have lost the sense of identity that is linked to the face; the transplant is merely "taking a skin envelope" and slipping their identity inside, Siemionow contends.
		Surgeons wished they could have done a transplant six years ago, when a 2-year-old boy attacked by a pit bull dog was brought to the University of Texas in Dallas where Dr. Karol Gutowski was training.
		One or two pairs of veins and arteries on either side of the face would be connected from the donor tissue to the recipient.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1127050210612_18/?hub=Health (1878 words)

	ClearSkin.net :: View topic - Experts Study Hand, Face Transplant Drugs
		PITTSBURGH - Researchers are studying antirejection drugs as a recent interest in hand transplants increases the possibility that a face transplant could be conducted soon.
		Lee said face transplants make sense because surgeons can't adequately rebuild the face's of people who have been disfigured.
		Lee said researchers have transplanted limbs on rats and pigs, and the animals have successfully lived without anti-rejection drugs for as long as a year.
	www.clearskin.net /viewtopic.php?t=5178&highlight= (486 words)

	Today?s scientists have the skills and experience to transplant a human face (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		LYON, France (Reuters) - A 38-year-old French woman was recovering well after receiving the world's first partial face transplant, and doctors said on Friday she was happy with her new face and h...
		French surgeons say that the 38-year-old recipient of the world's first partial face transplant regained consciousness 24 hours after her operation and is doing well.
		US surgeons are to interview a shortlist of patients hoping to be the first to receive a face transplant.
	www.medical-buzz.com /today-s-scientists-have-the-skills-and-experience-to-transplant-a-human-face,15571.html (163 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| US plans first face transplant
		The working party said it was not against facial transplants in theory, saying they could offer a major breakthrough in restoration of quality of life to those whose faces have been destroyed by accidents or disease.
		They will be told that their face would be removed and replaced with one from a cadaver, matched for tissue type, age, sex and skin colour.
		Charity Changing Faces said: "There are a great many questions to which answers are needed before this extremely risky and experimental surgery could be considered a viable option for patients with severe facial disfigurements.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/4259538.stm (536 words)

	How to replace a face - Breaking News \| Print \| New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sceptics have questioned whether such a transplant would be worth the side-effects of anti-rejection drugs, and whether the family of a donor would recognise their loved one in the face of the recipient.
		The team has been using the faces of bodies donated for medical research to practise the groundbreaking operation and the results suggest that a transplanted face will not be recognisable as either the donor or the recipient - in effect creating a third face.
		The show, Face Transplant, will be shown on Discovery Health Channel in the US at 2000 on 28 May and the UK's Channel 4 at a later date.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn5042&print=true (251 words)

	CBS News \| Clinic Gets OK On Face Transplants \| November 1, 2004 12:21:29
		She said she will tell patients there is as much as a 50 percent chance of failure because of tissue rejection or other complications.
		A central question in debate over the procedure has been whether patients should be subjected to risks of transplant failure and life-threatening complications from anti-rejection drugs for an operation that is not lifesaving.
		The patient's own muscles shape the face, so the patient would not take on the appearance of the donor, she said.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2004/09/17/health/main644116.shtml (419 words)

	Burns girl to have first face transplant \| This is London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first person ever to receive a face transplant is likely to be a 16-year-old Irish girl who suffered horrific injuries as a baby when her father's car exploded into flames.
		The operation is likely to take place after the teenager has sat the Irish equivalent of her GCSE exams, and will end a race between British and American surgeons to be the first to perform the transplant, which was once the stuff of science fiction.
		The surgery involves "degloving" the donor's face from a four-hour-old corpse, severing the top layer of skin and then grafting it onto the recipient's face.
	www.thisislondon.com /news/articles/3609267?source=Evening%20Standard (213 words)

	FACE TRANSPLANT REPORT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Surgeons investigating the prospects of human face transplants say it would be "unwise to proceed" with the procedure without further research.
		They also said they needed to look at the long-term risks associated with the drugs the patient would have to take for the rest of their life to stop them rejecting the face.
		During the lengthy operation, eight different blood vessels, four arteries and four veins would have to be removed from the donor.
	www.surgerynews.net /news/1203/face12301.htm (301 words)

	Face transplant in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		People with faces disfigured by burns, trauma, disease or birth defects might benefit from the procedure.
		The alternative to a face transplant is to move the patient's own skin from their back, buttocks or thighs to their face in a series of as many as 50 operations to regain even limited function and a face that is often likened to a mask or a living quilt.
		Scientists at the Utrecht University and the University of Louisville are seeking approval for an experimental face transplant to be performed in the Netherlands.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Face_transplant (512 words)

	US plans first face transplant >> Health related topics, activity, nutrition & diet programs, answers, solutions
		At the moment, surgeons are seeking volunteers for the first face transplant that is about to take place real soon.
		The most important issues regarding the whole procedure and post op adaptation are whether an individual and their loved ones would adapt psychologically to a completely new face, what the person would look like after a face transplant and if a person will manage powerful anti-rejection drug given to them prior to surgery.
		Although the face transplant procedures could help people whose faces have been destroyed by accidents or disease to restore their quality of life, the surgeons were not ready for this major step until it was safe to do so.
	www.steadyhealth.com /US_plans_first_face_transplant_t56167.html (381 words)

	Scientists Ready for Full-face Transplant
		US scientists are preparing to perform the world's first full-face transplant.
		The 24-hour operation involves lifting an entire face from a dead donor - including nose cartilage, nerves and muscles - and transferring them to someone hideously disfigured by burns or other injuries.
		Surgeons argue that whole-face transplants would produce better results.
	www.buzzle.com /editorials/5-27-2004-54731.asp (642 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Doctor wants to try a face transplant
		These people have lost the sense of identity that is linked to the face; the transplant is merely "taking a skin envelope" and slipping their identity inside, Siemionow contends.
		But her critics say the operation is too risky for something that is not a matter of life or death, as organ transplants are.
		They paint the image of a worst-case scenario: a transplanted face being rejected and sloughing away, leaving the patient worse off than before.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002502766_face18.html (806 words)

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