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Topic: Face validity

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	Validity (statistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A common approach, called criterion validity, is to correlate measures with a criterion measure known to be valid.
		Content validity, or face validity, is simply a demonstration that the items of a test are drawn from the domain being measured; it does not guarantee that the test actually measures phenomena in that domain.
		According to classical test theory, predictive or concurrent validity cannot exceed the square of the correlation between two versions of the same measure -- that is, validity cannot exceed reliability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Validity_(psychometric) (237 words)

	Challenging the notion of face validity by Tim Newfields
		Face validity basically amounts to what Buck (2001) refers to as "faith validity" -- the belief that a test is OK without empirical evidence.
		Since face validity is based primarily on the judgements of novices, this concept might be interesting in terms of a business marketing perspective, but it is not a validation yardstick test developers should focus on.
		It could be argued that face validity encourages a cosmetic approach to test construction which emphasizing surface appearance rather the operationalization of testing concepts.
	www.jalt.org /test/new_2.htm (465 words)

	Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders
		Moreover, establishing the face validity of a model objectively is impossible, because claims for face validity of a model almost invariably involve subjective arbitrary arguments that are not necessarily accepted by all investigators in the field (see 87 for examples of models with proposed face validity).
		The predictive validity in terms of pharmacological isomorphism of the model is indicated by the fact that pharmacological treatments clinically effective in depression, such as tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, and electroconvulsive shock therapy are effective in reducing the behavioral and "physical" abnormalities seen in animals exposed to uncontrollable stress (87, 88).
		This initial effort was engendered by the apparent face validity of the effects of LSD on perception and affective lability as being similar to the symptoms of the early stages of psychoses such as schizophrenia (5).
	www.acnp.org /g4/GN401000076/CH.html (9678 words)

	VALIDITY OF WORK-RELATED ASSESSMENTS — Ev Innes, 19/8/98
		Face validity can be established by a panel or group of experts who examine the assessment and reach a consensus that it does or does not represent a particular concept (Dane, 1990).
		Face validity is considered by some authors to be part of content validity (Dane, 1990; Dunn, 1989), while some do not consider it as a form of validity at all (Gronlund, 1981).
		Face and content validity are required to demonstrate the relevance of the assessment to the client, therapist, employer, insurer and others involved in assisting injured workers to return to work safely and quickly.
	home.earthlink.net /~medtox/analysis.html (14055 words)

	[No title]
		Operationally Defining Validity By convention, the validity of an EM is expressed as the correlation of the EM with the CM Example A particular graduate school uses the GRE as one criterion in forecasting the future academic performance of candidates for admission.
		Validity As a Complex Concept In a previous lecture, reliability was defined as the accuracy of a measuring instrument.
		A perusal of the historical literature on validity, however, reveals a literal “sea” of alternative terms that vary as a function of: Different concepts of validity, The methods used to measure validity, and The use for which the EM is being designed Let’s consider this “sea” of alternative terms.
	www.shsu.edu /~icc_cmf/cj_787/research10.doc (8246 words)

	[No title]
		Face validity is obtained when a person examines the test and concludes that it measures the trait it purports to measure.
		The face validity of a mathematics achievement test could be determined by examining the test such as whether it measures mathematics achievement or not.
		Logical validity is also another type of content validity obtained by defining the domain of trait first and logically examining if the content of the test matches the domain.
	www.siu.edu /~epse1/headrick/gibbs/prilim.doc (2007 words)

	Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Validity tends to become more of a problem when we start to look at psychosocial aspects of health care where the instruments used may have to have their validity established.
		It should however be emphasised that problems of validity are not restricted to the social and behavioural sciences, certainly there are also difficulties in the other sciences as well - measuring "fl holes", "quarks" and "neutrinos" causes problems for the physical sciences.
		The construct is the phenomena being studied or measured and of concern is whether the construct as described is a valid conceptualisation of the phenomena.
	www.chssc.salford.ac.uk /healthSci/resmeth/validity.htm (769 words)

	reliability and validity - ed 510
		Validity is defined as the extent to which a score measures the underlying construct that it claims to measure.
		Face validity is demonstrated when items look like they correspond to the intended content of a test.
		Criterion validity is demonstrated whenever test scores that measure a construct are positively correlated with scores on a related but independent measure of the same construct.
	www2.widener.edu /~aad0002/510relval.htm (1429 words)

	Face_validity LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		In psychometrics, content validity (also known as "logical validity) refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social concept.
		Content validity is related to face validity, although content validity requires more rigorous statistical tests than face validity, which only requires an intuitive judgement.
		Content validity is most often addressed in academic and vocational testing, where test items need to reflect the knowledge actually required for a given topic area (e.g., History) or job skill (e.g., Accounting).
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Face_validity (128 words)

	Face Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Face validity is the extent to which the items of a test or procedure appear superficially to sample that which is to be measured.
		Where ecological validity has to do with the real world relevance of a test, face validity has to do with the relevance a test has to the person taking the test.
		Here's an example of a test with low face validity: Some clinicians, testing the elderly for instance, might choose to administer a child's version of an IQ test with their patients.
	www.cps.nova.edu /~cpphelp/class/psy0507/facev.html (273 words)

	Measurement Validity Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In convergent validity, we examine the degree to which the operationalization is similar to (converges on) other operationalizations that it theoretically should be similar to.
		Or, to show the convergent validity of a test of arithmetic skills, we might correlate the scores on our test with scores on other tests that purport to measure basic math ability, where high correlations would be evidence of convergent validity.
		In discriminant validity, we examine the degree to which the operationalization is not similar to (diverges from) other operationalizations that it theoretically should be not be similar to.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/measval.htm (1337 words)

	Assessment: Reliability and validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		According to Hunter and Schmidt (1990), construct validity is a quantitative question rather than a qualitative distinction such as "valid" or "invalid"; it is a matter of degree.
		Content validity is not a type of validity at all because validity refers to inferences made about scores, not to an assessment of the content of an instrument.
		Validity is not a property of the test or assessment, but rather of the meaning of the test scores.
	seamonkey.ed.asu.edu /~alex/teaching/assessment/reliability.html (2886 words)

	Chan, Schmitt and DeShon (1997) Reactions to cognitive ability tests: the relationships between race, test performance, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The relationships among race, face validity perceptions, test-taking motivation, and test performance on a cognitive ability test were examined.
		Results also indicated that Black-White differences in face validity perceptions of the test may be a function of Black-White differences in test performance.
		Face validity perceptions of the test affected subsequent performance on the parallel test but only indirectly through test-taking motivation.
	www.getcited.org /pub/103361395 (187 words)

	Content Validity, Face Validity, and Quantitative Face Validity
		The label: "quantitative face validity" was chosen as a name for this procedure to emphasize the fact that despite the "scientific" appearance of the report, it is still only face validity.
		The theme that unifies all of the content validity documentation requirements is that the user is expected to provide the detail and specificity needed to clearly relate the content of the test to the content of the job so that the "inferential leap" is very small.
		The first consideration in deciding to use content validity evidence to support a job-relatedness claim is to apply the "same as" criterion: the test content must be the same as the job domain or, for a knowledge test, the knowledge domain.
	www.burns.com /wcbcontval.htm (2955 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		See page 139 reliability *validity physiological measures test-retest reliability #15 It is important that researchers specify the _____ of the variables so that other researchers are able to conduct similar experiments.
		See page 140 face validation content validity predictive validity personal validation* All of the above are ways of establishing validity #20 A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter is a/an _____.
		See page 140 concurrent validity prediction validity face validity content validity predictive validity* #22 A small scale version of the experiment you are planning, done so you can iron out any problems before you proceed, is called a/an _____.
	locutus.ucr.edu /Classes/12/chapter7q (709 words)

	HKUST Institutional Repository: Item 1783.1/1340
		Face validity is a blanket term commonly used by testing and measurement specialists to refer to the layman's judgement of test validity.
		The need for face validity is no more than to ensure that the test has a general appearance of acceptability.
		Subjective and non-technical as it is, face validity provides a valuable source of information for testing development and research.
	hdl.handle.net /1783.1/1340 (183 words)

	Face validity: Is there a place for this in measurement?
		listserv, there was a debate about the concept of "face validity" (FV) and whether this was a notion whose time has passed, or, something that still has usefulness within the field of measurement.
		The main issue that differentiates this kind of validation from other types (predictive, etc.) is the fact that the judgment about the appropriateness of the instrument is made by inspection only, with little or no reference to any other kinds of information.
		In a case like this, the score would likely be lowered and, the "validity" of the score on the test will have been compromised.
	www.jalt.org /test/rob_1.htm (874 words)

	Computing Papers on Face validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Each has good face validity, in the sense that a project that attracts developers, maintains a high level of activity, fixes bugs and that many users download does seem like it deserves to be described as a success.
		face validity requires that the computational model has an appearance such that taken at face value the model seems to jive with reality.
		Detecting and recognizing face images automatically is a dif cult task due to the variability of illumination, presentation angle, face expression and other common problems of machine vision.
	computing.breinestorm.net /face+validity (2735 words)

	[No title]
		Validity in social science research has several different components - some people feel there are only three components of validity, and others feel there are four components of validity.
		Content validity is very similar to face validity, except instead of asking your Mom or your target members of your population of interest, you must ask experts in the field (unless your Mom is an expert on attitude).
		The theory behind content validity, as opposed to face validity, is that experts are aware of nuances in the construct that may be rare or elusive of which the layperson may not be aware.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /tutorial/Rymarchk/rymar2.htm (1210 words)

	Face validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Just on its face the instrument appears to be a good measure of the concept.
		Face validity is sometimes considered a subtype of content validity.
		Question--is there any time when face validity is not desirable?
	www39.homepage.villanova.edu /rosemary.schiller/reliability%20and%20validity2/tsld006.htm (45 words)

	Face Validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Claim that “on its face,” the measure identifies what is claimed.
		Correlating a new measure with a previously validated measure of the construct
		Tested with at least two other measures -- one thought to be directly (positively) related to the new measure, and another measure thought to be inversely related to the construct).
	faculty.pepperdine.edu /rreynold/Classes/Com%20300/Handouts/face_validity.htm (63 words)

	Validity and Reliability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In ordinary usage, validity is a property of a statement, argument or procedure.
		To call a statement, argument or procedure valid is to indicate that it is cogent, well grounded, justifiable or logically correct.
		When two measures agree then there is a presumption of validity for the measure being tested, e.g., hospital data from interviews could be validated from admission records, or political surveys can be validated (or invalidated) from election statistics, consumer surveys can be validated from the volume of purchases and so on.
	www.csm.uwe.ac.uk /~pwhite/validity/node1.html (233 words)

	bmj.com Rapid Responses for Evans et al., 328 (7450) 1240
		Re-examination and audit would at least have face validity and should be substituted for current practice until such time as a proven method is developed.
		The primary form of validity that really matters is face validity, specifically because the judgments are subjective; i.e., the "subjects" are human beings.
		It may thus be considered valid since it measures a broad range of aspects of patient care [2].
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/eletters/328/7450/1240 (2430 words)

	Validity and reliability procedures for the SAQ (Student Alcohol Questionnaire: Dr. ruth engs
		Compared with the findings of previous studies, a recent survey of students at 13 U.S. colleges found that more women are drinking, fewer fl men are heavy drinkers, there are fewer differences in the drinking patterns of freshmen and seniors, and there has been no increase in the incidence of drinking-related problem.
		These procedures were used to determine the validity of the content of the questionnaire.
		Since only 37 students were of racial groups other than Blacks and Whites, and since the validity of results for such a small group would be questionable, they were eliminated from the calculations.
	www.indiana.edu /~engs/quest/valjsa.html (4013 words)

	* Face Validity - (Marketing & Web): Definition
		Face validityThe intuitive test of whether a measurement seems to measure what it is suppose to measure.
		FactorA variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher.
		Face Validity - the apparent plausibility of the results of marketing research, which on the basis of logic and common sense, seems to be correct.
	www.mimihu.com /marketingweb/face_validity.html (86 words)

	Lam and Ocker (2004) Scale Development and Validation in the Area of Sport Management: From Face Validity to Factor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		From A to Z, this presentation will start with content validity and end with advanced scale validation procedures, including confirmatory factor analysis and generalizability.
		Emphases will be placed on techniques to improve a scale’s content validity during the item formulation stage and the different rationale in scale modification.
		Finally, the existing scales for service quality in recreation and health-fitness management will be assessed according to the posed measurement standards, and recommendations will be made in terms of scale application and modification.
	www.getcited.org /pub/103408600 (339 words)

	Abstract: Patient Preference in a Crossover Clinical Trial of Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee or Hip: Face ...
		To analyze correlational validity of self-report responses regarding patient preference between 2 drugs at the conclusion of a crossover double-blind clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip.
		Spearman rank correlations for patient preferences were significant for changes in WOMAC scores, pain VAS, and independent patient ratings of drug efficacy and changes in arthritis status within each treatment period, as well as with physician ratings of the more efficacious drug (p < 0.001).
		Significant correlational validity is documented for patient self-report of preferences between 2 drugs compared to independent measures within each treatment period in this crossover clinical trial in patients with OA of the knee or hip.
	jrheum.com /abstracts/abstracts05/533.html (344 words)

	IngentaConnect Applicant Reactions to Personality Tests: Effects of Item Invasiv... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In a simulated employee selection exercise, two hundred and ten participants responded to a personality test that varied in terms of item invasiveness and item face validity.
		Results indicated that item invasiveness and face validity interacted in the prediction of all dependent variables.
		Specifically, item invasiveness affected the dependent variables only when face validity was low.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/klu/jobu/1998/00000012/00000004/00417628 (196 words)

	Making sense of ambiguity: evaluation in internal reliability and face validity of the SF 36 questionnaire in women ...
		Making sense of ambiguity: evaluation in internal reliability and face validity of the SF 36 questionnaire in women presenting with menorrhagia -- Jenkinson et al.
		Making sense of ambiguity: evaluation in internal reliability and face validity of the SF 36 questionnaire in women presenting with menorrhagia
		SF 36 questionnaire were difficult to answer for this group of patients.
	qhc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/5/1/9 (253 words)

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