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Topic: Facial Expression Markup Language

	The Center for Spoken Language Research (CSLR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A text markup language enables authors to control facial expressions and gestures during dialogue interaction and narration of text.
		Among the thirty-six facial expressions, the six "universal" facial expressions were designed based on optical analyses of movies of these expressions done at CMU [3].
		Facial expression is controlled by 38 parameters using sliders in a dialog box.
	cslr.colorado.edu /beginweb/cuanimate/cuanimate_paper.html (2599 words)

	Are You suprised ?
		The non-verbal signals and expressions all from the non-verbal behaviours exhibited during communication form the subset of FAML tags that are to be implemented.
		Facial displays have meanings specific only to their context of occurrence, and are only used to serve the users social motives in that context.
		Facial expressions accompany the flow of speech and are synchronised at the verbal level, punctuating accented segments and pauses.
	www.interface.computing.edu.au /documentation/huynhqh (10657 words)

	Talk:New Zealand Sign Language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The New Zealand Sign Language in action section of this article reads like it was written by a person who is not a native user of the language in question.
		To me that implies that the particular form of English as spoken in NZ is the official language of New Zealand instead of just English, and furthermore that New Zealand English vastly differs from "standard" English (therefore the neccessity to specify that NZ English is an official language).
		According to official language, a language must be either declared official, or be the language of the constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:New_Zealand_Sign_Language (1990 words)

	A Master Thesis by ERDEM AKAGÜNDÜZ
		In this thesis, 3D animation of human facial expressions and lip motion and their synchronization with a Turkish Speech engine using JAVA programming language, JAVA3D API and Java Speech API, is analyzed.
		The output of the study is facial expressions and Turkish lip motion synchronized with Turkish speech, where the input is Turkish text in Java Speech Markup Language (JSML) format, also indicating expressions.
		The Java™ Speech Markup Language (JSML) is used by applications to annotate text input to Java Speech API speech synthesizers.
	www.eee.metu.edu.tr /~erdem/flyer3.html (455 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "Talking Heads: Facial Animation in The Getaway" [04.18.01]
		Our facial animation system works on three levels: the first is concentrated around achieving believable lip-synching, the second around laying down blocks of emotions, and the third on underlying secondary animation such as blinking or breathing.
		A simple markup language is used to define various emotions throughout the script.
		Our team of animators is free to embellish facial animation, adding real character and concentrating their efforts on creating the huge amount of animation required for in-game and cutscenes.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20010418/moore_03.htm (1491 words)

	Markup language - CompWisdom
		XML is now a markup language of choice for interchanging relational database data; for communicating transaction data between servers; for interactive vector graphics; and for many other unanticipated uses.
		Characteristics of markup languages and markup meta-languages is that:
		XML is a markup specification language and XML files are just data: they sit there until you run a program which displays them (like a browser) or does some work with them (like a converter which writes the data in another format, or a database which reads the data), or modifies them (like an editor).
	www.compwisdom.com /topics/Markup-language (3157 words)

	Coding the classroom
		Language rules were once reinforced as literacy spread; the printing press introduced the quest for correct spelling, grammar, and pronunciation.
		Today, any error in the syntax of programming languages, comparable to a typographical or a grammatical error in natural languages, represents not a mere flaw in the text but is likely to result in failure and uselessness of parts, if not the text as a whole.
		Hypertext is but one of the composite language practices that are inspired by the programming languages that sustain computer technology — many of which deserve, if not demand, further analysis in the context of the programming languages that reside at the root of the evolution of these new language practices.
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue8_11/herbst/index.html (2258 words)

	Research Projects
		After treatment, patients make comments such as: “My voice is alive again!” “I can talk to my grandchildren on the phone for the first time in years!” These findings have provided important information about mechanisms underlying speech and voice disorders in IPD and have identified fundamental elements of treatment-related change.
		Spielman, J., Ramig, L., and Borod, J. Preliminary effects of voice therapy on facial expression in Parkinson’s disease.
		Smoothing algorithms are necessary to make transitions between facial expressions more natural.
	cslr.colorado.edu /~jie/web/interest.htm (3755 words)

	Interface Agent Markup Language
		The overall goal of Interface Agent Markup Language is to set users/designers free from constraints of various low level animation agents toolkits and to hide specific details about those low level platform from them.
		A rendering system that supports Interface Agent Markup Language will use linguistic and emotional information contained in the markup text (XML data structure) to render the visual and audio output of an interface agent.
		XML creation: the markup text input to the system can be produced by user authoring as text files or provided by string variables in user's program.
	www-static.cc.gatech.edu /gvu/ii/myagent/toolkit/version1.htm (1709 words)

	Physical Markup Language
		AML (Avatar Markup Language) is a new language based on XML, which encapsulates Text To Speech content, Facial Animation and Body Animation in a unified manner with appropriate synchronization information.
		ABML (Avatar Body Markup Language) is a new language based on XML, which encapsulates Text To Speech content, Facial Animation and Body Animation in a unified manner with appropriate synchronization information.
		This language will allow exchanges of complete profiles and resumes in the RH industry (work experience, education, skills, identity, etc.) Candidates will also be able to use this DTD to apply for a job.
	web.mit.edu /mecheng/pml/standards.htm (3119 words)

	Canon 3.A Judge Shall Perform the Duties of Judicial Office Impartially and Diligently.
		Facial expression and body language, in addition to oral communication, can give others an appearance of judicial bias.
		A judge must be alert to avoid behavior that may be perceived as an expression of prejudice.
		A judge may not ignore or overlook expressions of bias or prejudice in any judicial proceeding, even informal proceedings such as scheduling or settlement conferences.
	www.touchngo.com /lglcntr/ctrules/judcon/CJC-03.htm (5597 words)

	[WP9]
		Since it can be expected that an increasing number of data resources which focus more or less equally on speech, facial expression, and gesture will become available in the future, it is also expected that coding schemes that can be used to code all these modalities will become available in the future.
		When we refer to coding schemes that can be used to code facial expression data, this includes coding schemes which focus on specific facial parts such as the lips or the eyes.
		For instance, spoken language is a modality expressed in the acoustic medium, whereas written language and facial expression are modalities expressed in the medium of light/graphics.
	isle.nis.sdu.dk /reports/wp9/index.php?chapter=1 (2438 words)

	Chris Pollett > Students > Michelle Yuan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Deliverable#3 was to read the paper "Emotion expression functions attached to Multimodal Presentation Markup" and study current variant of HumanML and complete the first pass of an XML character language.
		This was a very simplistic language, and after was revised into VRML 2.0, which changed the file structure and added a lot of new features, such as animation.
		The language is designed to accommodate some of human computer interaction with regards to facial animation, facial emotion, and gesture.
	www.mathcs.sjsu.edu /faculty/pollett/masters/Semesters/Spring02/Yuan/index.shtml?CS297Report.html (4406 words)

	Face Modeling Language (FML)
		Face Modeling Language is designed to be independent of the face animation methods used to render the scenes it describes.
		Languages like SMIL do this in a general purpose form for any multimedia presentation and are not customized for specific applications like face animation.
		FML facial expressions are defined in direct correspondence to those in MPEG FAPs.
	www.dipaola.org /imediatek/Docs/fml.html (2927 words)

	Linguistic Annotation
		An interesting feature is the use of XML markup, with a DTD that supports transcriptions, phrasal and word-by-word interlinear translations, and audio references.
		CES is an SGML-based, TEI-conformant specification of a minimal encoding level that corpora must achieve to be considered standardized in terms of descriptive representation (marking of structural and typographic information) as well as general architecture (so as to be maximally suited for use in a text database).
		MATE implements Thompson and McKelvie's notion of standoff markup, which is related to the CES and TEI proposals.
	www.ldc.upenn.edu /annotation (3735 words)

	[WP11]
		In addition to supporting research in spoken language technologies, the Toolkit is intended for educational purposes such as language training (see Cole et al.
		The results of the markup can be sent to the Festival TTS engine and spoken by Baldi with appropriate intonation and facial expression.
		The OGIsable GUI is better situated in this regard, since it is based on the XML-conformant Sable markup language, which may be considered a de facto standard for TTS annotation; it is not clear, however, whether the incorporated OGI extensions to Sable would be accorded this status.
	isle.nis.sdu.dk /reports/wp11/index.php?responsibilities=&chapter=5 (2919 words)

	Abstracts - GSLT graduate student seminars Monday, 31 January, 2005
		Since resources for the language pair Amharic-Swedish are much less developed than they are for Amharic-English and English-Swedish, we intend to use English as a pivot language that will serve as the intermediary between Amharic and Swedish.
		If existing markup is to be taken account of as cues to any kind of genre identification, the markup itself needs to be analysed in order to identify its stuctural semantics.
		This presentation focuses on how existing markup can be mapped to a set of predefined "genre modules" which then can be used for similarity clustering of documents based on structural (and linguistic) document features.
	www.ida.liu.se /~nlplab/gslt/seminarier/abstr-vt0505.html (1064 words)

	Presenter's Name: Ed Sims, Ph
		Therefore, their children have very limited opportunities to learn language, as compared to their hearing counterparts.By the time they reach school age, they have missed opportunities to develop either spoken or sign language skills, and are therefore ill prepared to learn to read.
		A factor that complicates providing sign language translations is the fact that sign languages use a completely different grammar than spoken languages, and include not only motions of both hands/arms, but also the face and body posture.
		We have developed the ability to synthesize animated sign language from low-bandwidth, text-based gloss or phonetic descriptions.These animations are represented and rendered using the Web3D Consortium’s Humanoid Animation (H-Anim) and Extensible 3D (X3D) specifications.
	www.w3.org /WAI/RD/2004/06/sims.html (731 words)

	Animation Scripting Languages
		VHML - Virtual Human Markup Language is designed to accommodate the various aspects of Human-Computer Interaction with regards to Facial Animation, Body Animation, Dialogue Manager interaction, Text to Speech production, Emotional Representation plus Hyper and Multi Media information.
		BAML - Body Animation Markup Language, like FAML-Facial Animation Markup Language, and others in the VHML set are primarily declarative and then interfaced to Java or other XML consumers.
		Small has been made open source and is an elegant c-like language for animation and games; but it appears continued development is limited.
	thephotofinishes.com /animscripts.htm (1547 words)

	HLT/NAACL-04 - Tutorials
		This includes the notion of a "switching network", where one portion of a network might determine the existence of another, "sparse dependencies", where many combinations of variable values are forced to have zero probability, and "child observations", where influence can flow in the opposite direction of a directed edge in a graph.
		A great deal of recent work has shown that statistical language models not only lead to superior empirical performance, but also facilitate parameter tuning, open up possibilities for modeling non-traditional retrieval problems, and in general provide a more principled way of modeling retrieval problems.
		The purpose of this tutorial is to systematically review the recent progress in applying statistical language models to information retrieval with an emphasis on the underlying principles and framework, empirically effective language models, and language models developed for non-traditional retrieval tasks.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~pablo/hlt-naacl04/tutorialst.html (1964 words)

	Chris Pollett > Students > Michelle Yuan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The early example in development of facial animation technology began in 1992 by the Cambridge Research Laboratory and resulted in DECface [W1].
		Zong, Dohi, and Ishizuka [ZHMI00] have proposed an XML-based language MPML (multimodal presentation markup language), which is SMIL compliant for giving character agents emotions while they present things like PowerPoint slides.
		The server receives emotion messages sent by each client (these are coded in an XML language of our design) and sends the message to the other clients that whose 3D character for that player have the ability to display the emotion specified by the message.
	www.mathcs.sjsu.edu /faculty/pollett/masters/Semesters/Spring02/Yuan?CS298Proposal.shtml (910 words)

	Design for Inclusion: Creating a New Marketplace
		Language is certainly a driving force in today’s market for more accessible EandIT.
		Visual learners need to see a person’s body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of what is being said.
		This consistent language has enabled companies to develop products that meet both the design requirements of the manufacturers and the procurement requirements of the federal agencies.
	www.ncd.gov /newsroom/publications/2004/newmarketplace.htm (11258 words)

	Emotion Disc and Emotion Squares: tools to explore the facial expression space - RUTTKAY, NOOT, TEN (ResearchIndex)
		They map navigation in a 2D circle, by the first tool, or in two 2D squares, by the second tool, to the highdimensional parameter space of facial expressions, by using a small number of predefined reference expressions.
		They can be used as exploration tools by researchers, or as control devices by end-users to put expressions on the face of embodied agents or avatars in...
		5 The description of facial expressions in terms of two dimens..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /ruttkay03emotion.html (522 words)

	KSU Department of Computer Science: Latest News
		Realistic visualization multimodal interactions require dynamic visualization of complex emotional expressions along with the speech integration that varies dynamically with emotional expressions.
		In this paper we propose an integration of text to speech conversion with a generic anatomical-based 3-D facial model.
		Facial expressions are generated by the contraction of a set of facial muscles.
	www.cs.kent.edu /department/news.html?News_ID=88 (645 words)

	FESER- Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the first part, the paper reviews the current state of research in facial expression synthesis for entertainment robots.
		In the second part, a framework for autonomous facial expression synthesis is presented.
		Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (A.I.M.L.) based text stimulus and response are combined with OpenGL technology to create a simulated android head which synthesizes facial expressions according to the stimuli provided.
	www.shalinshodhan.com /FESER_abstract.htm (95 words)

	Fifth MATE Workshop, Stuttgart 9-11 February 2000
		The first day of the meeting with AP members focused on presentation and demonstration of the workbench, on the MATE markup framework and the MATE best practice schemes, and on their realisation in the workbench.
		For example, the entered markup declaration is used for automatic generation of a dtd.
		WP4 concerns the evaluation of the MATE markup framework and dialogue annotation guidelines as well as the evaluation of the workbench.
	mate.nis.sdu.dk /advisory/panel_members/workshop3/minutes.html (2109 words)

	ECE 598: Speech Synthesis
		Cassell, J.; Pelachaud, C.; Badler, N.; Steedman, M.; Achorn, B.; Becket, T.; Douville, B.; Prevost, S.; and Stone, M. "Animated conversation: Rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents." In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH '94.
		Shimei Pan, Kathleen McKeown (1997), Integrating Language Generation with Speech Synthesis in a Concept to Speech system, In the Proceedings of ACL/EACL'97 Concept to Speech workshop, pages 23-28 Madrid, Spain.
		"A markup language for text-to-speech synthesis," Proceedings of EUROSPEECH 97, Rhodes, Greece.
	catarina.ai.uiuc.edu /ECE598 (1830 words)

	The LIU Project Proposal
		The LIU project will be broken into 3 separate but related areas concerned with MPEG-4 Facial Animation.
		The research will expand upon the work done by John Stallo in his honours on adding emotion to speech, and by Quoc Huynh in his honours work on Facial Expressions and will expand upon and validate the Virtual Human Markup Language (VHML).
		The use of XML as a markup language for controlling Virtual Actors.
	www.interface.computing.edu.au /documents/LIU/liu_report.shtml (779 words)

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