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	Facial recognition system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This recognition problem is made difficult by the great variability in head rotation and tilt, lighting intensity and angle, facial expression, aging, etc. Some other attempts at facial recognition by machine have allowed for little or no variability in these quantities.
		In the recognition phase, the set of distances was compared with the corresponding distance for each photograph, yielding a distance between the photograph and the database record.
		Among the different biometric techniques facial recognition may not be the most reliable and efficient but its great advantage is that it does not require aid from the test subject.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Facial_recognition_system (1225 words)

	EPIC Face Recognition Information Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Facial recognition systems also create significant privacy risks: the cameras are often hidden and there are no laws to prevent abuse.
		Facial recognition systems are computer-based security systems that are able to automatically detect and identify human faces.
		The first step for a facial recognition system is to recognize a human face and extract it fro the rest of the scene.
	www.epic.org /privacy/facerecognition (2550 words)

	A4 Vision: 3D Facial
		The need for a facial recognition system, which is both reliable and non-intrusive, has been sharply increased by wide scale public demand for more effective criminal identification and monitoring systems.
		This consists of modules for a) the acquisition of the 3D data; b) data processing where the 3D surface is reconstructed for further recognition; c) creation of the biometric template from the extracted feature and d) the eventual matching (recognition) based on a comparison of acquired and previously enrolled biometric templates.
		The structured light is distorted by the individual facial geometry, and these distortions are unambiguously defined by the form of the scanned surface.
	www.a4vision.com /2_3dfacial.html (676 words)

	Tampa police try a facial recognition project again after problems shut down its first attempt
		Calling the facial recognition system “an overhyped failure,” the New York-based ACLU said the police log showed the system was prone to false matches and that it never positively identified any missing or wanted individuals whose images are contained in the department’s photographic database.
		Facial recognition systems, also known as facial scanning systems, potentially could be a significant part of the homeland security equation, according to supporters.
		He said facial recognition would be ineffective even at airports because of the lack of high-quality images of terrorists to store in a database.
	www.washingtontechnology.com /news/16_21/state/17781-1.html (1198 words)

	Examining the Constitutionality of Facial Recognition Surveillance Systems
		Facial recognition is part of a larger category of technologies called biometrics that uses biological information, such as iris scans and handprints, to confirm identity.
		While facial recognition systems have proven successful in these different applications, companies distributing the product emphasize the way that this technology can be used on streets and in other major public areas to identify criminals at large.
		It is obvious the most needed safeguard for facial recognition technology is the implementation of federal regulations to monitor its use or a Supreme Court decision on its constitutionality.
	www.jolt.unc.edu /vol3/Bennett.htm (4992 words)

	EPIC Spotlight on Surveillance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Such facial recognition systems create significant privacy risks because the technique is surreptitious, the prospects for extensive profiling are clear, and there are no laws that currently regulate these systems to prevent abuse.
		The Defense Department’s face recognition technology tests found that a 45-degree difference in position between the current and database images renders the technology ineffective, and a 15-degree difference is all that is needed to adversely affect the facial recognition technology.
		Facial recognition systems have already been used in one test to scan crowds for more than just suspected criminals or terrorists, but also for “such people as those who might have ‘valuable intelligence’ for the police,” whatever “valuable intelligence” may mean.
	www.epic.org /privacy/surveillance/spotlight/1105/default.html (2323 words)

	Patent-Pending Technology Assists Facial and Pattern Recognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Despite a flurry of media attention a few years back, a facial recognition system that can compare many unknown faces in a crowd to a known database of terrorists and accurately identify the criminal is a technological feat that's still beyond current capabilities.
		To understand why these "face in a crowd" systems continue to confound developers, consider the challenges inherent in developing a recognition system that is capable of verifying the identity of an individual.
		The system employs a true 3D camera that nearly eradicates the problems of angle of view, skin tone, lighting, shading, and facial features, enabling the system to recognize a person who isn't looking straight at the camera and who is sporting a hat, sunglasses (or regular glasses), and a beard, says Sands.
	www.sun.com /br/0305_ezine/gov_ac_tech.html (983 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : ACLU Calls on Fresno Airport to Remove Controversial Facial Recognition Technology
		Because facial recognition is a highly privacy-invasive technology, we believe its efficacy needs to be considered extremely carefully before it is deployed, whether on a trial or permanent basis.
		We believe that the effectiveness of facial recognition technology is open to serious question, and therefore, that airports should not be implementing the technology.
		The "matches" found by the system appear to have been either "false positives" or of minor lawbreakers, none of whom were alleged to have done anything illegal during the game.
	www.aclu.org /privacy/gen/15101prs20011120.html (1444 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Facial Recognition System Considered For U.S. Airports
		Government and aviation officials are poised to begin using facial recognition systems to scan airport terminals for suspected terrorists, possibly including Reagan National Airport when it reopens, according to people involved in deliberations about how to improve security.
		The use of facial recognition systems at airports would represent a major leap in surveillance in the United States and is the sort of monitoring that until recently proved unpopular among many Americans.
		Security specialists said that facial recognition, along with other biometric systems, including those that digitally capture fingerprints, offer great potential in authenticating travelers, identifying terrorists in disguise and verifying the identity of airport workers.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A14273-2001Sep23?language=printer (696 words)

	Techdirt: UK To Build Useless Facial Recognition System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Facial recognition systems are barely good enough to match two faces in still photos -- but when you add in grainy video, different lighting and different angles it doesn't even come close to being effective.
		In Tampa, which had been the poster child for facial recognition security systems, the police shut it down after it didn't catch a single person in two years.
		With that in mind, you have to wonder why the UK has decided to build a nationwide facial recognition system to try to catch criminals spotted on any of the many, many security cameras found throughout Great Britain.
	www.techdirt.com /articles/20060523/1058222.shtml (2015 words)

	Forensic Evidence.com: Identification Evidence/Facial Recognition Systems
		Although facial recognition technology has not been proven to be an accurate and effective way of identifying terrorists or wanted suspects, some of the proposed post-September 11 uses of the technology – such as in immigration and airport security – have been welcomed by the general public.
		Tampa police, who have a different system, have said that it is their practice to discard information on seemingly innocent faces in the crowd, but there is no requirement to do so.
		There is no doubt that facial recognition systems can have a very positive impact on modern commerce as well as on crime-fighting, but there must be guidelines and limitations to the use of the technology to make it more privacy-friendly.
	www.forensic-evidence.com /site/ID/facialrecog.html (2171 words)

	Passport Canada: Facial Recognition Project
		This is a summary of the Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for the Facial Recognition Project at the Passport Office an agency of Foreign Affairs Canada (FAC).
		The objective of the FR Proof of Concept Project was to determine whether a Facial Recognition System was feasible, affordable and whether it effectively verified a travel document applicant's photograph or its digital rendering against those in a query database.
		When the Passport Office contacts the source agency to verify the status of an individual who has been matched by the FR system, the Passport Office discloses the fact that the individual may have applied for a passport for which he or she is ineligible.
	www.ppt.gc.ca /publications/facial_recognition.aspx?lang=e (4435 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com \| coolscience New face ID system from China
		A biometric face recognition system has been approved in China and will be used in the country for ID purposes, which includes surveillance and security.
		The system, approved by the Ministry of Public Security, is expected to be used at airports, customs entrances, banks, post offices, residential areas and other public places in the near future.
		Systems are currently in use in some countries, including China where it is limited to police use, to find missing children and criminal suspects in cases ranging from child abduction to supermarket flmail.
	cooltech.iafrica.com /science/909668.htm (459 words)

	Your Face Is Not a Bar Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Systems operated by different organizations could easily be networked to cooperate in tracking an individual from place to place, whether they know the person's identity or not, and they can share whatever identities they do know.
		Terrorist watch lists include the terrorists' names, and so automatic face recognition is only necessary in those cases where the government possesses high-quality facial photographs of terrorists but does not know their names (not very common) or where the terrorists carry falsified identification cards in names that the government does not know.
		Automatic face recognition in public places is not as bad as murder, but the analogy is clear: outlawing it would express public disapproval of it and make it harder than it would be otherwise.
	dlis.gseis.ucla.edu /people/pagre/bar-code.html (5574 words)

	Facial-Recognition Solutions Roundup
		Features of the system include flexible operating modes, which enable it to be used as a stand-alone facial-recognition solution or in combination with a password, and facial recognition is performed at logon, to unlock the screen lock and screen saver.
		The solution can perform infrared facial recognition as well as continuous condition monitoring of individuals by using passive infrared imaging that is non-contact, non-invasive, and works under any lighting conditions or in total darkness.
		The system is based on an open architecture, uses COTS components, and may be easily integrated as a component of a larger system.
	www.tmcnet.com /biomag/features/roundup051502.htm (2408 words)

	Handwriting recognition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On-line handwriting recognition involves the automatic conversion of text as it is written on a special digitizer or PDA, where a sensor picks up the pen-tip movements X(t),Y(t) as well as pen-up/pen-down switching.
		By the time of the release of the Newton OS 2.0, wherein the handwriting recognition was greatly improved, including unique features still not found in current recognition systems such as modeless error correction, the largely negative first impression had been made.
		This system is distinct from the less advanced handwriting recognition system employed in its Windows Mobile OS for PDAs.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Handwriting_recognition (706 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Facial Recognition Systems Work"
		Facial recognition software can be used to find criminals in a crowd, turning a mass of people into a big lineup.
		The $30,000 system was loaned to the Tampa Police Department for one year.
		We'll also look at how facial recognition software is being used in elections, criminal investigations and to secure your personal computer.
	computer.howstuffworks.com /facial-recognition.htm (234 words)

	Research pinpoints brain activity
		The fact that the face area became active when birdwatchers were identifying birds and auto experts were identifying automobiles indicates that this high-powered recognition system is not limited to identifying faces but is used for other purposes as well.
		The study also proved that the facial recognition system is not limited to certain types of objects.
		But it took them nearly 10 sessions before the face-area-based recognition system kicked in and the students began identifying individual Greebles as individuals as rapidly as they could identify them by gender or family.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /News/register/Feb7_00/story1.html (858 words)

	facial recognition system facial recognition systems industrial vision systems camera robotics - Valde Systems Inc.
		Valde Systems to introduce new development platform at the RoboBusiness event May 10-11, 2005, at the Hyatt Regency in Cambridge MA We're introducing our new VS1000 development platform for autonomous robotics applications.
		These systems are implemented using a diverse array of techniques: some generate 3D information from a single camera, some use structured light to calculate topographical information; still others use lasers in reflected angle, or time of flight calculations.
		Valde Systems will be on hand throughout the show to explain the VS1501 and to offer suggestions as to how you can incorporate this small processor in applications where you need stereo processing, reasonable cost, and high-performance power.
	www.valdesystems.com /news.html (1793 words)

	Pelco News Release - October 26, 2001
		Pelco, the world's largest manufacturer of video security systems, announced today that it has achieved a dramatic breakthrough in facial recognition technology; with a test system successfully operational at the Fresno Yosemite International Airport.
		The PelcoMATCH™ Facial Recognition System, believed to be the first of this type in actual operation anywhere in the world, compares live video frames of individuals proceeding through a security checkpoint to a file of known suspects such as terrorists.
		Pelco video security systems are protecting people and property around the clock in over one million locations throughout the world.
	www.pelco.com /company/newsreleases/2001/102601.aspx (543 words)

	Candid Camera: Computer-based Facial Recognition System Spots Terrorists Entering the U.S.
		Composed of engineering faculty and students developing projects in computer vision and image processing, speech recognition and networking, the group was formed shortly after 9/11 to find a universal solution for securing the homeland from intruders by developing a transparent environment.
		The face locating and tracking system would pinpoint all the detectable human faces in an image under varying background and lighting environments, camera positions, facial poses, size of the face regions and skin color.
		However, automatic facial recognition is especially difficult because the number, location, size and orientation of human faces vary from frame to frame when taken by an ordinary video camera.
	www.odu.edu /ao/instadv/quest/candidcamera.html (1638 words)

	All Headline News - China Approves Facial Recognition System - November 7, 2006
		The system was developed by Su Guangda, an Electronic Engineering Department professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing.
		The system captures moving facial images and uses multi-camera technology to decrease errors in matching.
		The computer-based security systems are able to automatically detect and identify human faces.
	www.allheadlinenews.com /articles/7002493858 (220 words)

	Deconstructing Code
		King said that of the 270 persons checked by the Visionics system, it correctly recognized individuals a mere 51 percent of the time.
		Colorado will be taking pictures of people when they get drivers licenses and use face recognition to compare them with mug shots.
		But it has yet to yield consistent results in law-enforcement and surveillance settings, where, depending on lighting, the camera angle and quality, and other variables, its powers of discrimination can be more akin to Mr.
	www.rajivshah.com /directory/hardware/sensors/facial (504 words)

	Singapore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Users interested in understanding how a facial recognition system can hold up under this kind of load and operate in an outdoor environment would do well to consider this installation.
		Could a face recognition system succeed when the user workforce utilizing the system, do not speak a common language, are returning from a hard day at work dog tired and are ready for some well deserved sack time?
		On the basis of this trial, the dormitory bought the system which was fully deployed in March of this year.
	www.biometricwatch.com /BW_in_print/singapore_facial_rec.htm (1594 words)

	Identix® - Press Releases
		The award to Identix is part of DoS's mandate to augment its automated fraud-detection assistance capabilities through the use of facial recognition to screen for duplicates, aliases and for faces on a watch list prior to issuance of a visa.
		The ABIS System is Identix' advanced multi-biometric knowledge discovery in databases and search system, designed for developing large-scale, one-to-many systems, with specific applicability to end user ID programs such as Passport and Visa issuance, National IDs, DMVs and large-scale enterprise employee ID issuance and verification.
		Identix provides fingerprint, facial and skin biometric technologies, as well as systems, and critical system components that empower the identification of individuals in large-scale ID and ID management programs.
	www.shareholder.com /identix/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=143964 (1200 words)

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