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Topic: Facial symmetry

	Facial symmetry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Facial symmetry is one of a number of traits associated with health, physical attractiveness and beauty of a person or animal.
		Facial asymmetries and minor physical anomalies begin to appear early in embryonic development, mainly the first trimester of pregnancy, and can be a sign of instability during this growth.
		Facial symmetry is neither the only trait nor is it necessarily the most important trait of what the public subjectively considers attractive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Facial_symmetry (599 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Symmetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Symmetry is a characteristic of geometrical shapes, equations, and other objects; we say that such an object is symmetric with respect to a given operation if this operation, when applied to the object, does not appear to change it.
		A glide reflection symmetry (in 3D: a glide plane symmetry) means that a reflection in a line or plane combined with a translation along the line / in the plane, results in the same object.
		Symmetry is also an important consideration in the formation of scales and chords, traditional or tonal music being made up of non-symmetrical groups of pitches, such as the diatonic scale or the major chord.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Symmetry (2704 words)

	Symmetry Encyclopedia @ KilnFired.com (Kiln Fired) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Symmetry is a characteristic feature of systems, geometrical shapes, equations, and other objects; we say that such an object is symmetric with respect to a given operation if this operation, when applied to the object, does not change it.
		Considering points equivalent which, due to the symmetry, have the same properties, the equivalence classes are the orbits of the group action on the space itself.
		Symmetry is used in the design of the overall floor plan of buildings as well as the design of individual building elements such as doors, windows, floors, frieze work, and ornamentation; many facades adhere to bilateral symmetry.
	www.kilnfired.com /encyclopedia/Symmetry (1857 words)

	Management of Facial Paralysis after Intracranial Surgery
		Facial nerve is transected at surgery and grafted.
		Facial nerve is anatommically intact but does not stimulate at the brainstem and there is no facial movement in the immediate postoperative period.
		The facial nerve is identified as it courses from the stylomastoid foramen and is dissected peripherally distal to the point where the two major divisions of the faciai nerve are clearly identified.
	neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu /CranialBaseCenter/b95.htm (4172 words)

	COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO FACE RECOGNITION
		The question, therefore, is whether an algorithm based on facial symmetry is sufficiently robust to be of value in identifying faces against a background of other objects.
		The axis of symmetry was found by the symmetry axis algorithm described in the previous section: its output is shown as the white `blaze' through the nose of the image in Fig.
		The effect of removal of this inhibitory component (and the symmetry axis constraint) is shown in column D of Figs.
	www.ski.org /cwt/CWTyler/PrePublications/ARVO/1998/FaceRecog (1665 words)

	eMedicine - Facial Nerve Paralysis, Dynamic Reconstruction : Article by Mary C Snyder, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Employ nerve substitution in patients with facial paralysis in which the proximal nerve segment is not available for repair or grafting, but a distal neuromuscular pathway is present, including an intact distal segment of nerve and facial musculature suitable for reinnervation.
		Facial tone and symmetry were noted in all patients undergoing jump grafting, with good movement in 41%, and less synkinesis than those undergoing direct grafting.
		Facial motor function generally is not as strong following a jump graft, and recovery of facial function was found to take longer in jump grafts than direct grafts, with movement not seen in some patients until 24 months postoperatively.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic218.htm (6916 words)

	eMedicine - Facial Nerve Paralysis, Static Reconstruction : Article by Mary C Snyder, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Static procedures are useful as adjunctive measures to enhance facial symmetry and often are the procedures of choice in treatment of the eye in facial paralysis.
		Facial paralysis results in an overall loss of facial tone with relaxation and descent of the soft tissue of the face.
		Facial paralysis is not a condition that is rectified by a single procedure.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic221.htm (4947 words)

	Reanimation of the Paralized Face (Nov.1998)
		The facial nerve and nervus intermedius exit the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction and travel laterally 12 – 14 mm with the eighth cranial nerve to enter the internal acoustic meatus.
		Facial paralysis results in the inability to close the upper lid because the upper lid levator muscle is unopposed by the denervated orbicularis muscle.
		The facial nerve is identified at the stylomastoid foramen.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Reanimation-9811/reanimation.html (5261 words)

	Physical Therapy for Facial Nerve Disorders
		During rehabilitation, the physical therapist asseses the patient's facial movement, function in usual activities involving the face, and the impact of the facial movement disorder on the patient's quality of life.
		The basic aim of facial rehabilitation is facial symmetry -- a balanced expression of both sides of the face.
		Facial symmetry is important both when the patient's face is at rest and when facial expressions are being performed.
	www.upmc.edu /FacialNerve/rehab.htm (542 words)

	[No title]
		Symmetry has been known to act as a marker of phenotypic and genetic quality and is preferred during mating selection in a number of different species, including humans.
		Bilateral facial symmetry of physical traits is hypothesized to reflect a high quality of development, and the ability to resist biological perturbations during development (Fink & Penton-Voak, 2002).
		Facial distinctiveness ratings of 17-year-olds were associated with poor childhood health in males, and poor current and adolescent health in females, although the last association was only marginally significant (Rhodes et al., 2001).
	www.bodybuildingpro.com /thesis.doc (1853 words)

	Botulinum toxin type a: fine-tuning treatment of facial nerve injury Journal of Drugs in Dermatology - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As patients recover from facial nerve injuries, a variety of asymmetries from nerve hypofunction (paresis or paralysis) or hyperfunction (synkinesis or spasm) often persist.
		Facial symmetry is a key determinant of facial attractiveness.
		Bell's palsy, or idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, is a diagnosis of exclusion.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PDG/is_2_3/ai_115505663 (399 words)

	Rhinoplasty Nose Surgery in Beverly Hills
		The facial plastic surgeon must be aware of these proportions and their mathematical values, and also understand their limitations in the clinical setting.
		When comparing facial symmetry between the halves through a midsagittal plane, minor asymmetries are noted in most people.
		The nasofacial angle is the incline of the nasal dorsum in relation to the facial plane.
	www.rhinoplastyspecialist.com /procedure.asp (1528 words)

	Department of Surgery
		The facial nerve is further susceptible to spasm from compression by nearby intracranial vessels or tumors.
		Therefore, if the facial nerve injury is suspected to be due to inflammation or contusion of the nerve, the patient is observed, and protective care is given to the paralytic eye to prevent corneal abrasion.
		Treatment of facial paralysis is aimed at restoring facial symmetry: 1) at rest, 2) during voluntary facial movements, such as smiling, and 3) during involuntary facial movements, such as spontaneous laughter or blinking.
	www.uhmc.sunysb.edu /surgery/facial-paralysis.html (928 words)

	Beautycheck - summary
		Studies on the role of the babyface scheme for human facial attractiveness were conducted in a seventh experimental series.
		The results of our symmetry experiments show a clear but only weak relationship between facial attractiveness and symmetry: very asymmetrical faces are rated unattractive, but unattractive faces don't need to be asymmetrical.
		In terms of facial proportions, this means that the 'attractiveness is averageness' hypothesis is clearly falsified.
	www.uni-regensburg.de /Fakultaeten/phil_Fak_II/Psychologie/Psy_II/beautycheck/english/zusammen/zusammen1.htm (1742 words)

	Bell's Palsy InfoSite & Forums - Facial Retraining for Bells palsy / Facial Paralysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is difficult to produce an isolated contraction of the facial muscles using electrical stimulation due to their small size and close proximity to each other.
		The ineffectiveness of traditional therapy methods for facial paralysis stems from their non-specificity and lack of adaptation to the unique characteristics of facial muscle.
		Facial muscle appears to resist degeneration post denervation for longer periods of time than other skeletal muscle, and may remain viable for three or more years.
	www.bellspalsy.ws /retrain2.htm (1110 words)

	November 2002 CDA Journal - Feature Article, Copyright 2002 Journal of the California Dental Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		stated that "any analysis based on cephalometric or facial ‘normative’ values has one inherent weakness, and that is that beauty is not the norm." Indeed, if facial esthetics were regarded as falling along a normal distribution, i.e., on a bell curve, beauty would fall in the far-right portion of the curve.
		Marquardt has developed a set of "facial masks" that can be superimposed over facial photographs, frontal or lateral, of individual patients for the assessment of the fit of their face to an idealized symmetry based on the golden decagon matrix (Figure 2).
		Individualized assessment of facial balance and symmetry is then accomplished by analyzing the relationships of these four centroids to Ba-A and the centroid plane.
	www.cda.org /cda_member/pubs/journal/jour1102/keim.htm (2483 words)

	Cosmetic Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive Surgery in New York City: Dr. Elliott Rose: Facial Paralysis & ...
		Videotapes of you engaged in normal conversation and facial expressions are helpful in monitoring patterns of muscle use and smile configuration before and after your surgery.
		In long-standing cases of total facial paralysis, a second stage procedure is used to microsurgically transfer a fresh muscle from the inner thigh to replace the paralyzed smile muscle and receive the nerve impulse from the cross facial nerve graft.
		Outcomes are not entirely predictable, but in almost all cases facial balance and symmetry is restored by the static resuspension and a substantial degree of voluntary smile activity and facial expression is achieved.
	www.facemakernyc.com /services/paralysis (796 words)

	Symmetry and perceived facial attractiveness: a monozygotic co-twin comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Investigating the nature of this relationship has been difficult, however, for several reasons, including the facts that variance in symmetry is attributable to more than one source and is often correlated with other variables related to attractiveness.
		This study assessed the role of facial symmetry in relation to perceptions of facial attractiveness.
		Some of the natural covariates of symmetry were controlled for by comparing the symmetry and attractiveness differentials between monozygotic co-twins, who are genetically, but not developmentally, identical.
	www.linguaggiodelcorpo.it /beauty3 (172 words)

	Human Symmetry References
		Symmetry and perceived facial attractiveness: a monozygotic co-twin comparison.
		Facial asymmetry as an indicator of psychological, emotional, and physiological distress.
		Asymmetry and human facial attractiveness: symmetry may not always be beautiful.
	biology.wsc.ma.edu /hoagland/webprojects/symmetry/references.html (230 words)

	CenterIMT Facial Rehabilitation Program
		Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is a herpes zoster virus infection of the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve.
		Even if the facial nerve was not removed or touched during removal of an acoustic neuroma, inflammation in the area can cause facial nerve dysfunction including temporary or permanent facial paralysis.
		I was diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma (a tumor in the cranial nerves at the base of the skull) in the spring of 2002.
	www.centerimt.com /Rec_Programs/FP_Recovery.asp (4915 words)

	Appearance Effects in Candidate Appraisal: Facial Averageness, Symmetry, Dominance and Electability for Male and Female ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Studies in evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience in the 1990s have explored the impact of facial morphology on judgments of attractiveness, including averageness, symmetry and secondary sexual characteristics, and how the human brain processes facial information.
		Specifically, we test the proposition that averageness, symmetry and secondary sexual characteristics in candidates’ physical appearance contribute to voters’ evaluations of (1) candidate appearance, (2) electability and (3) trait attributions.
		Data are drawn from parallel experimental studies of 20 male and 20 female mock candidates randomly selected from the populations of male and females members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
	www.lssu.edu /oapls/2000conference/abstract/schubert1.html (274 words)

	Treatment Philosophy - National Centers for Facial Paralysis - Specialists in the Rehabilitation of Paralyzed Facial ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The goal of the rehabilitation is to strengthen facial muscles, improve facial muscle function, and promote facial symmetry.
		PREGNANCY-INDUCED PALSY is thought to be due to excessive fluid retention, edema, and swelling surrounding the facial nerve, generally occurring the third trimester of pregnancy and the period immediately post-partum.
		This form of facial palsy has an additional psychological trauma associated with the stress of pregnancy together with the asymmetry and abnormal motor function.
	www.bellspalsy.com /philosophy.htm (1487 words)

	learn to draw - Introduction to drawing people.
		Facial asymmetry is a natural thing, and is far more common than facial symmetry, but you don't really see it unless you're looking for it.
		Facial symmetry does exist, but it is very rare, and when we see it, we call it "beautiful".
		Draw the left eye, and when you come to the right eye, don't just draw the mirror image of the left, because, chances are that the right looks different than the left.
	www.learn-to-draw.com /drawing-people/07-symmetry.htm (316 words)

	What is Beauty?//Viewzone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This was established by actually tracing and measuring the distances from the corners and insides of each eye to the mid-line of the nose, the angle and shape of the lips and the size and shape of the nostrils.
		Once the photographs were graded for their symmetry, they were shown to another group of people of different ages, races, and genders.
		Women, whose photographs exhibited facial asymmetry, were also found to have poorer health, were less physically active, more prone to emotional instability, less happy and less intelligent than those whose images were facially symmetric.
	www.viewzone.com /faces33.html (937 words)

	Facial Care System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Follow your cleansing with Facial Toner to stimulate and invigorate your skin.
		Facial Toner soothes and tones the skin, preparing it for moisturizing.
		Food for the skin Skin Nourisher is a rich and soothing finish to your regimen, encouraging the natural rebuilding of elements found in youthful skin and leaving your skin feeling fresh and renewed.
	www.symmcorp.com /products/Canada/naturals.htm (129 words)

	beauty
		Across cultures (based on a study of Japanese and U.S. observers' judgements of female attractiveness), high cheekbones, a thin lower jaw, large eyes, and a shorter distance between the mouth and chin (and between the nose and mouth) are preferred as "cute" qualities in men's and women's faces alike (Perrett, May, and Yoshikawa 1994).
		Another preferred trait may be facial symmetry between the right and left sides.
		In a review of symmetry in mate selection, researchers found that animals from scorpion flies to zebra finches showed a preference for symmetrical patterns and shapes (perhaps because asymmetry is a sign of weakness or disease; Watson and Thornhill 1994).
	members.aol.com /nonverbal3/beauty1.htm (939 words)

	ICPA - Facial Symmetry
		Seven-month-old male baby with facial and skull asymmetry since the eighth week of life.
		The suboccipital strain's main symptoms include torticollis, fever of unknown origin, loss of appetite and other symptoms of CNS disorders, swelling of one side of the facial soft tissues, asymmetric development of the skull, hips, crying when the mother tried to change the child's position, and extreme sensitivity of the neck to palpation.
		Most patients in the series required one to three adjustments before returning to normal.
	www.icpa4kids.org /research/chiropractic/symmetry.htm (182 words)

	in-symmetry - massage / facial
		With every facial we do a signature antigravity facial massage that brings out cheekbones, relieves puffiness for a finer contoured look and it is the perfect antidote to gravity!
		The facial includes hot and cold stone therapy, which causes blood to rush to the surface of your skin giving you a capillary workout.
		Here at In-Symmetry we use a pregnancy pillow which allows Mom to be lying on her tummy while baby is being supported.
	www.insymmetry.com /massage.html (474 words)

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