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Topic: Facultative anaerobe

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	anaerobe@Everything2.com
		Anaerobes were some of the first life forms to appear on Earth some 3.8 billion years ago (give or take 0.2 billion years).
		Actually, yeast is known as a facultative anaerobe because it is capable of growing in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
		Anaerobes often thrive in the acidic pH and the low oxygen areas associated with abscesses and deep injuries.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node=anaerobe (386 words)

	Anaerobic organism - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Obligate anaerobes will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen, while facultative anaerobes can use oxygen when it is present.
		Anaerobic bacteria and archaea use these and many other fermentative pathways, e.g., propionic acid fermentation, butyric acid fermentation, solvent fermentation, mixed acid fermentation, butanediol fermentation, Stickland fermentation, acetogenesis or methanogenesis.
		Some anaerobic bacteria produce toxins (e.g., tetanus or botulinum toxins) that are highly dangerous to higher organisms, including humans.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Anaerobe (408 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for facultativ
		facultative Applied to organisms that are able to adopt an alternative mode of living.
		For example, a facultative anaerobe is an aerobic organism that can also grow under anaerobic conditions.
		Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen, facultative anaerobes normally grow in the presence of oxygen but can also grow in its absence.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=facultativ (252 words)

	Differential Media - Oxygen Relationships
		Facultative anaerobe: An organism that can grow well both in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a level of oxygen equivalent to that in an air atmosphere (21% oxygen).
		The observed growth patterns of organisms in this medium determine their oxygen relationship designations (strict aerobe, facultative anaerobe, etc.) which correlate with such physiological abilities as respiration, fermentation and the catalase reaction and also whether there is an inhibitory effect on the organism in the presence of air.
		Those left in the facultative anaerobe category show greater concentration of growth at the top of the medium where oxygen is present and aerobic respiration is then possible.
	www.jlindquist.net /generalmicro/dfthiognf.html (1592 words)

	[No title]
		The atmospheric conditions are defined as aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic or facultative anaerobic.
		When oxygen is absent, a facultative anaerobe uses an alternate method of metabolism such as fermentation.
		An obligate or strict anaerobe dies in the presence of oxygen.
	www.clevelandchiropractic.edu /ClassFiles-LA/Microbiology/atmos.htm (142 words)

	Phycial and Environmental Requirements for Growth
		Obligate anaerobic procaryotes may live by fermentation, anaerobic respiration, bacterial photosynthesis, or the novel process of methanogenesis.
		Facultative anaerobes (or facultative aerobes) are organisms that can switch between aerobic and anaerobic types of metabolism.
		In aerobes and aerotolerant anaerobes the potential for lethal accumulation of superoxide is prevented by the enzyme superoxide dismutase (Figure 1).
	lecturer.ukdw.ac.id /dhira/NutritionGrowth/physicalandenv.html (949 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation.
		Some examples of Facultative anaerobic bacteria are the Staphylococci (Gram positive), Corynebacterium (Gram positive), and Listeria (Gram positive).
		Anaerobic Bacteria and Anaerobic Bacteria in the decomposition (stabilization) of organic matter.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=facultative_anaerobe (179 words)

	Anaerobe - Medicow (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
		Anaerobic bacteria are bacteria that do not live or grow in the presence of oxygen.
		Anaerobic Transport Medium is a mineral salt base soft agar with reducing agents designed as a holding medium for maintaining viability of microorganisms, especially anaerobes, throughout collection, transport and shipment of clinical specimens.
	www.medicow.com /topics/Anaerobe (2147 words)

	Homo Escherichia sapiens coli - in the lab
		This jar is made anaerobic with the use of a "gas pak" which houses hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
		The hydrogen produced from the gas pak and the oxygen found in the jar combine to form water, which is evident on the side of the container as condensation.
		Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen, so these organisms are present in a standard incubator, candle jar, or an anaerobic jar.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~jon9783/flora.html (1868 words)

	Homo Escherichia sapiens coli - in the lab
		This jar is made anaerobic with the use of a "gas pak" which houses hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
		The hydrogen produced from the gas pak and the oxygen found in the jar combine to form water, which is evident on the side of the container as condensation.
		Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen, so these organisms are present in a standard incubator, candle jar, or an anaerobic jar.
	jon9783.myweb.uga.edu /flora.html (1868 words)

	Obligate anaerobe \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.
		Facultative anaerobes can use oxygen when it is present.
		Aerotolerant organisms can survive in the presence of oxygen, but they are anaerobic because they do not use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Obligate_anaerobe (87 words)

	facultative - Encyclopedia.com
		Facultative re market seen as alive and well.
		reasons, the underwriting expertise of facultative reinsurers continues to be in demand...
		The woman as final arbiter: a case for the facultative character of the human sex ratio.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O8-facultative.html (1000 words)

	Restriction Enzyme Sources
		Aeromonas caviae is a gram negative, motile, facultative anaerobe.
		Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram negative, motile, facultative anaerobe.
		Chryseobacterium balustinum is a gram negative facultative anaerobe.
	www.thelabrat.com /protocols/RestrictionEnzymes.shtml (1061 words)

	Anaerobe
		Anaerobe Behandlung von festen und flüssigen Rückständen : Beiträge zu einer Veranstaltung des Sonderforschungsbereiches 238 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Zusammenarbeit mit der DECHEMA-Fachsektion Biotechnologie vom 2.
		Enterococcus (streptococcus) faecalis, a facultative anaerobe, is a normal inhabitant of intestinal tract and female genital tract and is occasionally associated with urinary tract infection, bacteremia and bacterial endocarditis.
		anaerob organisme, anaerob bakterie (anaerobic bacteria), anaerob (anaerobic).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/an/anaerobe.html (387 words)

	Bacterial nutrition, growth and energy metabolism
		Aerotolerant anaerobes are bacteria that respire anaerobically, but can survive in the presence of oxygen.
		Facultative anaerobes can perform both fermentation and aerobic respiration.
		In the presence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration is generally shut down and these organisms respire aerobically.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /fox/nutrition.htm (1013 words)

	Eikenella corrodens
		The major difference between the two being that one was a facultative anaerobe and the other was an obligate anaerobe.
		However, when it is incubated anaerobically it does not require hemin.
		The accuracy of the contents of this report is not guaranteed and it is recommended that you seek additional sources of information to verify the contents.
	web.umr.edu /~microbio/BIO221_1999/E_corrodens.html (388 words)

	More environmental effects :: Microbiology and Bacteriology :: The world of microbes
		In between these two extremes are facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant anaerobes, which are both capable of growing in the absence or presence of oxygen.
		Strict aerobes and facultative anaerobes are able to use oxygen in metabolic processes and generate more energy per mole of energy source consumed.
		Strict anaerobes are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen because they lack enzymes capable of detoxifying superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Microtextbook/index.php?name=Sections&req=viewarticle&artid=12&page=1 (2185 words)

	anarerobicbacteriology
		We are considering changing the routine incubation period for anaerobic cultures from 48 hr to 5 days as recommended in the current edition of the ASM Manual of Clinical Microbiology.
		I have not found any significant anaerobes in these thios that were not already growing on the original cultures, with one possible exception.
		Therefore, we are planning on setting up anaerobic culture plates on appropriate specimens, but if we grow anaerobes, we plan to send the plates to our reference lab for work up.
	www.asm.org /division/C/askit/anarerobicbacteriology.htm (2495 words)

	aerob
		are vessels in which an anaerobic environment is generated after inoculated media are sealed into the chamber.
		If an organism is a strict anaerobe, it cannot survive in the presence of oxygen even for a short time.
		An aerobe, facultative anaerobe, strict anaerobe, and an aerotolerant anaerobe are inoculated on a medium in a sealed container with oxygen present.
	biology.fullerton.edu /biol302/302labf99/aerob.html (767 words)

	Restriction Enzyme Sources
		Enterobacter amnigenus is gram negative, motile by peritrichous flagella, and facultatively anaerobic.
		Erwinia rhapontici is a gram negative facultative anaerobe that is motile by peritrichous flagella.
		Escherichia coli is a gram negative facultative anaerobe that is motile by peritrichous flagella.
	www.thelabrat.com /protocols/RestrictionEnzymes2.shtml (1339 words)

	Winemaking Terms
		Facultative Anaerobe An organism which can survive and multiply either with or without oxygen.
		During this phase, the yeast cells are dividing and utilizing the oxygen dissolved in the must.
		When the oxygen is exhausted the cells cease aerobic and begin anaerobic fermentation, and at this time the fermentation becomes obvious.
	www.winemakeri.com /information/glossaries/dictionary/dictionary_f.htm (3507 words)

	Non Nutrient Factors Affecting Growth
		Note that the term facultative is often used synonimously with facultatively anaerobic as in "facultative organism".
		An aerotolerant anaerobe is a non-facultative anaerobe that nevertheless is able to grow in the presence of molecular oxygen.
		The colon is maintained anaerobic by the scavenging of oxygen by facultative anaerobes living near the intestinal wall (and thus the source of oxygen in this system).
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/biol2020.htm (2053 words)

	Probiotics Plus
		The microflora are principally comprised of facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes.
		Approximately 1% to 10% of the intestinal population is comprised of facultative anaerobes, including Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus.
		Enterococci are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic cocci of the Streptococcaceae family.
	www.probiotics-plus.com /probiotics_plus_qa.php (3385 words)

	Researchers Seek Origin of Deep Subsurface Bacteria
		Yet, evidence indicates that the thermophilic anaerobes isolated from the pared sidewall cores are indigenous and not from the drilling mud.
		If the anaerobes extracted from the pared cores were derived from drilling mud, then a correspondingly larger number of aerobes also should have been present.
		The anaerobic thermophiles cultured from the pared cores are probably indigenous to the Triassic sediments.
	nsdl.org /resource/2200/20061002133820528T (2368 words)

	Re: Development of E. coli in human intestines
		Aerobes (microbes that need oxygen to live) and facultative anaerobes are usually the first colonizers of the gut.
		There is evidence that microbial colonization progresses through a series of stages, starting first with the aerobes and facultative anaerobes.
		coli is a facultative anaerobe, you would find higher numbers of this organism in a young infant's bowels.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/dec96/840131722.Dv.r.html (550 words)

	QPX Disease in Hard Clams
		One theory suggests that QPX is a facultative parasite.
		Facultative parasites are organisms that may either lead an independent exist- ence, or live as a parasite (but do not need a host to complete its life cycle).
		As a faculta- July 2003 tive parasite, the theory suggests that the QPX organism is routinely present in sediment and waters throughout the range, and it doesn t cause disease until there is extraneous environmental stress, or some other factor that makes clams less able to fight infection.
	nsdl.org /resource/2200/20061002133255257T (1861 words)

	IngentaConnect Sulfur Disproportionation by the Facultative Anaerobe Pantoea agg...
		Sulfur Disproportionation by the Facultative Anaerobe Pantoea agglomerans SP1 as a Mechanism for Chromium(VI) Reduction
		The facultative anaerobe Pantoea agglomerans SP1 was previously shown to couple anaerobic growth to the dissimilatory reduction of a variety of electron acceptors, including Fe(III), Mn(IV), and Cr(VI), but not sulfate.
		To our knowledge, this is the first facultative anaerobe reported to couple growth to sulfur disproportionation.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/tandf/ugmb/2002/00000019/00000001/art00010 (226 words)

	Mechanisms Determining Aerobic or Anaerobic Growth in the Facultative Anaerobe Salmonella typhimurium -- Yamamoto and ...
		Mechanisms Determining Aerobic or Anaerobic Growth in the Facultative Anaerobe Salmonella typhimurium -- Yamamoto and Droffner 82 (7): 2077 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		We isolated mutant strains of the faculative anaerobe Salmonella typhimurium that grow either aerobically or anaerobically.
		Topoisomerase I activity was detected in cell-free extracts of strict aerobic mutants but not of strict anaerobic mutant strains, whereas gyrase activity was detected in extracts of strict anaerobic mutants but not of strict aerobic mutants.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/7/2077 (360 words)

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